Download or read book Factors Related to Condom Use Among Sexually Active African American Females Using Health Belief Model Constructs and Potential Cues to Action with a Mass Communication interpersonal Communication Approach written by Shiree Monika Southerland and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this study was to assess the factors that relate to male condom utilization among sexually active African American college women at The University of Tennessee. College women between the ages of 18 to 24 are the most susceptible to contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) as they do not perceive themselves to beat risk. It is estimated that each year 12 million new cases of STDs occur and two thirds of those infected are under the age of 25 (Hale & Trumbetta, 1996). Women are among the fastest growing groups being infected with HIV. In 1997, 22% of all reported new cases of AIDS were women and of those 60% were African American. African American women of all ages were approximately 16 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than their White counterparts (Wingood & DiClemente, 1998). This study consisted of a convenience sample of 196 African American undergraduate females between the ages of 18 to 24. Participants were recruited through various student organizations affiliated with the Black Cultural Center. The Health Belief Model (HBM) Constructs perceived susceptibility, partner, perceived barriers, turnoffs, hassles, execution relationship concerns, self-efficacy, and cues to action were found to be positively correlated with condom use. There was no correlation between HIV/AIDS level of knowledge, perceived benefits, and perceived susceptibility, self and condom use. A stepwise regression was performed in order to ascertain whether or not the HBM constructs would predict the utilization of male condoms among African American college students. The results indicated that 22% of the variance in condom use could be attributed to the HBM constructs. The strongest predictor of condom use was self-efficacy (beta=.257) and perceived barriers, turnoffs (beta=.232).
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts of dissertations available on microfilm or as xerographic reproductions.
Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using the Health Belief Model and Acculturation to Predict Safer Sexual Behavior and Sexual Communication Among African Immigrants written by Matthew Asare and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Since the outbreak of HIV/AIDS in the 1980s, governments, nongovernmental organizations and public health professionals have been trying to find treatment and prevention strategies that can help control the transmission of the disease. However, after three decades, the disease continues to remain a global menace. African immigrants in the United States are at high risk of HIV/AIDS because of their sexual behaviors and their unwillingness to communicate about their sexual behaviors to their partners, but they are the least studied subpopulation in the U.S. Purpose: Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the extent to which: (a) the constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) predict safer sexual behavior and sexual communication of African immigrants, (b) the level of acculturation predicts African immigrants' safer sexual behavior and sexual negotiation, and (c) sexual communication predict safer sexual behavior. Methods: The design for the study was cross-sectional in nature as such the data were collected at one point in time. A 64-item questionnaire based on constructs of HBM and acculturation levels was administered to a convenience sample of 412 African immigrants in Ohio. A snowball method was used in the recruitment process. Content and face Validities of the instrument were established by a panel of six experts. The readability, comprehension and the appropriateness of the instrument were also established through a pilot test. The reliability of the instrument was tested using test-retest reliability and internal consistency methods. The Cronbach's alpha and correlation coefficient for the subscales were found to be more than .70 alpha level established a priori. An extended version of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using Structural equation model were used for the construct validity of the instrument. Results: The results for both approaches yielded acceptable factor loadings (.30) for the instruments. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed the HBM and acculturation as a set significantly accounted for the variance of condom use, monogamous and sexual communication behaviors of the participants. The major findings showed that the HBM constructs of perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.10), perceived barriers (OR = 1.10), cues to action (OR = 1.19), and self-efficacy (OR = 1.21) were significant predictors of condom use among the participants (p
Download or read book Condom Use Self efficacy and Relationship Factors in Sexual Risk taking Among Young Urban African American Women written by Emily Ann Silverman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young urban African American women are at disproportionately high risk for HIV/STIs and current interventions focusing on individual factors (e.g., condom use self-efficacy) have not been sufficient to address this risk. Recent research suggests that an ecological approach that takes into account broader social and relationship factors may be more effective in meeting the needs of this population. The present study examined several relationship-level factors, including relationship power, avoidance motives for sex, and relationship commitment, and their potential interaction with the individual-level factor of condom use self-efficacy in predicting sexual risk-taking behaviors in a community sample of African American women aged 18-25 (N =132). The current study additionally considered the role of young women's ambivalence around condom use, through descriptive analyses. Out of the three relationship variables, only relationship power was found to interact with condom use self-efficacy to predict sexual risk. In addition, although not specifically hypothesized, relationship commitment predicted condom use over and above the variance accounted for by condom use self-efficacy, suggesting that relationship commitment may be particularly important in determining condom use for this population. Further, participants expressed ambivalence about condom use during their last protected and unprotected sexual encounters, suggesting that women do not always want to use condoms. Discussion of the results highlights the importance of considering relationship factors and ambivalence toward condom use in sexual risk-taking among young urban African American women. Limitations and implications for prevention programming are considered.
Download or read book Speaking of Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-12-11 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are what we eat. That old expression seems particularly poignant every time we have our blood drawn for a routine physical to check our cholesterol levels. And, it's not just what we eat that affects our health. Whole ranges of behaviors ultimately make a difference in how we feel and how we maintain our health. Lifestyle choices have enormous impact on our health and well being. But, how do we communicate the language of good health so that it is uniformly received-and accepted-by people from different cultures and backgrounds? Take, for example, the case of a 66 year old Latina. She has been told by her doctor that she should have a mammogram. But her sense of fatalism tells her that it is better not to know if anything is wrong. To know that something is wrong will cause her distress and this may well lead to even more health problems. Before she leaves her doctor's office she has decided not to have a mammogram-that is until her doctor points out that having a mammogram is a way to take care of herself so that she can continue to take care of her family. In this way, the decision to have a mammogram feels like a positive step. Public health communicators and health professionals face dilemmas like this every day. Speaking of Health looks at the challenges of delivering important messages to different audiences. Using case studies in the areas of diabetes, mammography, and mass communication campaigns, it examines the ways in which messages must be adapted to the unique informational needs of their audiences if they are to have any real impact. Speaking of Health looks at basic theories of communication and behavior change and focuses on where they apply and where they don't. By suggesting creative strategies and guidelines for speaking to diverse audiences now and in the future, the Institute of Medicine seeks to take health communication into the 21st century. In an age where we are inundated by multiple messages every day, this book will be a critical tool for all who are interested in communicating with diverse communities about health issues.
Download or read book Condom Use Among U S Young Adult Black Women written by Grace A. Loudd and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines how cognitive influences such as sexual self-schema, HIV-related stigma, perception of HIV risk and condom sexual self-efficacy influence condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. An integrated theoretical framework consisting of The Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory and Intersectionality Theory were presented to explore how these cognitive influences impact condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. The present study was based on a secondary data analysis collected by the Baylor College of Medicine Teen Clinic located in Houston, TX. Young adult Black women with high condom sexual self-efficacy are 33.2% more likely to report an increase in condom use at last sex after controlling for sexual self-schema, HIV-related stigma, and perception of HIV risk. study examines how cognitive influences such as sexual self-schema, HIV-related stigma, perception of HIV risk and condom sexual self-efficacy influence condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. An integrated theoretical framework consisting of The Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Theory and Intersectionality Theory were presented to explore how these cognitive influences impact condom use at last sex among young adult Black women. The present study was based on a secondary data analysis collected by the Baylor College of Medicine Teen Clinic located in Houston, TX. Young adult Black women with high condom sexual self-efficacy are 33.2% more likely to report an increase in condom use at last sex after controlling for sexual self-schema, HIV-related stigma, and perception of HIV risk.
Download or read book The Handbook of Behavior Change written by Martin S. Hagger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior.
Download or read book Health Behavior written by Karen Glanz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential health behavior text, updated with the latest theories, research, and issues Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to understanding and changing health behavior, core tenets of the public health role. Covering theory, applications, and research, this comprehensive book has become the gold standard of health behavior texts. This new fifth edition has been updated to reflect the most recent changes in the public health field with a focus on health behavior, including coverage of the intersection of health and community, culture, and communication, with detailed explanations of both established and emerging theories. Offering perspective applicable at the individual, interpersonal, group, and community levels, this essential guide provides the most complete coverage of the field to give public health students and practitioners an authoritative reference for both the theoretical and practical aspects of health behavior. A deep understanding of human behaviors is essential for effective public health and health care management. This guide provides the most complete, up-to-date information in the field, to give you a real-world understanding and the background knowledge to apply it successfully. Learn how e-health and social media factor into health communication Explore the link between culture and health, and the importance of community Get up to date on emerging theories of health behavior and their applications Examine the push toward evidence-based interventions, and global applications Written and edited by the leading health and social behavior theorists and researchers, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides the information and real-world perspective that builds a solid understanding of how to analyze and improve health behaviors and health.
Download or read book Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion written by Manoj Sharma and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2012 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Introduces students to common theories from behavioral and social sciences that are currently being used in health education and promotion. Each discussion of theory is accompanied by a practical skill-building activity in the context of planning and evaluation and a set of application questions that will assist the student in mastering the application of the theory."--
Download or read book Predicting Condom Use Behavior in Sexually Active Adolescents written by Holli M. Slater and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A significant amount of progress has been made over the past decade to reduce the impact of risky sexual behavior among adolescents; however, rates of unwanted pregnancy and contraction of sexually transmitted infections remain high. Finding ways to mitigate the consequences of risky sexual behavior continues to be a focus of many working with adolescents engaging in risky behavior. This study performed a secondary analysis of data collected during a 5-year evaluation of a teen pregnancy program targeting youth ages 17-19 who were at high risk for dropping out of high school. The goals of this study were two fold: 1) Test the applicability of the Health Belief Model (HBM) for assessing both adolescent intentions to use condoms and condom use behavior, and 2) Assess the moderating effect of the Developmental Assets framework on the relationship between condom use intentions and behavior. Guided by the Health Belief Model framework, factor analyses were conducted to identify the model that best fit the data. This resulted in six factors comprised of 26 items that reflected different aspects of the HBM and predicted 63% of the variance in the model. This was followed by ordinal and logistic regressions to detect the relationship between each of the identified factors and condom use intentions, as well as between each of the identified factors and condom use behavior. The results demonstrated that Partner Efficacy, Interpersonal Barriers - Partner Trust, Structural Barriers - Accessibility, Benefits, and Physical Barriers - Comfort significantly predicted intentions to use condoms. Susceptibility was the only factor that did not produce a significant result for intentions to use condoms. Interpersonal Barriers - Partner Trust, Structural Barriers - Accessibility, and Physical Barriers - Comfort significantly predicted a positive relationship between the factor and condom use behavior. Susceptibility was found to have a significant negative relationship between susceptibility and condom use behavior, while Partner Efficacy and Benefits failed to produce significant results. Ultimately, participants who reported greater intentions to use condoms were more than twice as likely to report using a condom in the past three months. Overall developmental assets scores did not significantly demonstrate a moderating effect on the relationship between intentions and behavior. These findings confirm that the Health Belief Model in the originally hypothesized form did not fit well for this sample; however, the newly identified model demonstrated a stronger fit for this population. The development of a new model guided by the HBM may be more applicable when assessing condom use intentions with academically at-risk adolescents. While some of the factors exhibited limitations, revisions to items, inclusion of new items, and removal of weaker items may lead to an improved model and should be explored. Further examination into the role of the developmental assets should also be assessed. Implications of this study's findings for social work policy, practice and future research are discussed.
Download or read book Examining the Determinants of Condom Use Among African American College Students Attending Predominantly White Institutions written by Natasha Aduloju-Ajijola Aduloju-Ajijola and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African American college students at predominantly White institutions (PWIs) are disproportionally at risk for experiencing negative sexual health outcomes. African Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 are disproportionally affected by unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, which are associated with risky sexual behaviors, including sex without a condom. The risks and stress associated with living at the intersection of both African American risk factors and college risk factors may play a role in the sexual behavior of African American college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of condom use among African American undergraduates at predominantly White Institutions (PWIs). This study used the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to examine the factors that contribute to condom use. An added factor the study examined was the relationship between different types of stress and condom use. The relationship between stress, intention to use condoms, and actual condom use was also investigated. The study employed a cross-sectional design and used surveys to collect data on African American college students between the ages of 18 and 24 years old at PWIs. The survey was disseminated through Qualtrics online survey software. The sample of 202 students engaged in a range of sexual behaviors (vaginal, oral, and anal sex) and had inconsistent condom use during these activities. The study found that constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior, namely intentions and attitudes, were independently significant at predicting condom use. However, the interaction between intentions and overall stress was more significant in predicting condom use among African American college students attending PWIs over the past 30 days. The study findings have promising implications for health education practitioners, university stakeholders, and researchers who are interested in reducing sexual health disparities. Coordinated efforts are needed to reduce the risk factors that contribute to unsafe sexual behaviors among college students, especially among those at greater risk such as African American college students at PWIs.
Download or read book Teenagers in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Utility of the Health Belief Model for Predicting Risky Sexual Behavior and Condom Use Among Heterosexual African American Women in the Context of HIV AIDS written by Shobhana Swami and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Addressing Sexual Health Among Black College Women written by Cedrina K. Averette and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to affect the lives of many, with African American women being uniquely at risk when compared to women from other racial groups. Black/African American women have a higher proportion of cases at all stages of the virus (CDC, 2016a). The primary form of HIV contraction among this group is by way of heterosexual contact with an at-risk sexual partner. However, Black women may not be fully aware of the potential risks inherit in their sexual relationships. The epidemic calls for approaches, resolutions, and interventions to stop the spread and increase of diagnoses among African American heterosexual women. The primary purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a group-based HIV-prevention intervention for young African American college women (ages 18 to 29). Using the theoretical foundations of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and the Theory of Gender and Power (TGP), the intervention educated participants about HIV-related information and transmission, taught communication skills related to assertive expression of safer sex practices, and addressed the unique intrapersonal, interpersonal, and contextual factors that impact Black college women. The intervention was culturally specific, gender appropriate, educational, and engaging. In the pilot study, participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental intervention condition or a no-attention control condition. Data on primary and secondary variables were collected at baseline and two months post-intervention to test the main hypothesis that the pilot study was feasible and acceptable among the target population. It was expected that the study would demonstrate that the intervention could be successfully carried out and be undertaken on a larger scale in the future. It was also hypothesized that a pilot version of a sex-risk reduction intervention that is gender-appropriate, culturally-relevant and skill-building would show a trend of increased consistent condom use, condom use self-efficacy, sexual communication, sexual relationship power, condom use intentions, and HIV knowledge (secondary measures) compared to the no-attention control group condition. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Measures of mean and variance including standard deviations (SD) and ranges were used to describe the full range of data at baseline and at follow-up across two conditions and at two time points. The outcome data for this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS/Mac version 23.0 for IBM PC/MAC and PS/2, SPSS, Inc., Armonk, NY, 2015). Qualitative data in the form of participant and facilitator feedback were used to analyze intervention feasibility and acceptability. The findings of this pilot study suggest that the delivery of a theoretically-based and culturally-relevant intervention is feasible within a university college setting and that the content of the intervention was accessible to participants. Additionally, there was an overall trend in increased condom use rate regardless of condition placement. In addition, intervention participants reported increased condom use self-efficacy, intention to practice safer sex, relationship control, decision-making dominance and HIV knowledge at follow-up.
Download or read book Communicating Health written by Nova Corcoran and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communication skills are essential to effective health promotion and public health practice. This textbook bridges the gap between health communication theory and health promotion and public health practice. It provides students and practitioners with the knowledge and skills they need to design, plan, implement and evaluate programmes and campaigns. Now in its second edition, topics covered in the book include: - Mass media - Diverse audiences - Evaluation - Media analysis - Campaign monitoring Case studies and interactive activities in each chapter encourage critical thinking and creative campaign design practice. It will be a valuable resource for students, lecturers and practitioners working across health promotion, public health, communication, media, healthcare and nursing fields. Nova Corcoran works as a Senior Lecturer in public health and health promotion at the University of Glamorgan.
Download or read book Factors Related to PrEP Intent and Use Among African American Women in Texas written by Dominique R. Guinn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to examine if relationships exist between attitudes toward condom use, HIV stereotypes, HIV knowledge, perceived HIV risk, intent to use PrEP and PrEP use among African American cisgender women who reside in Texas. The current study is a secondary data analysis of a primary study conducted among African American cisgender women. Data were collected via an online questionnaire and exported to IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analysis. Results of this study reveal African American cisgender women who have not used PrEP as a prevention strategy possessed favorable attitudes toward condom use compared to women who have used PrEP as a prevention strategy. African American cisgender women who exhibited favorable perceptions of negative stereotypes regarding HIV held weak intentions of using PrEP. Identified barriers to using PrEP include unawareness of PrEP and its availability, low HIV risk perception, competing life priorities, high cost for PrEP medication continued use, non-compliance due to social issues, stigma associated with PrEP use, mistrust of medical institutions, and practitioner disclosure issues related to sexual behaviors. To address individual and community needs for health education, health educators must implement interventions/programs to increase awareness of and PrEP acceptability by African American women. Additionally, health educators should also provide information about the safety and efficacy of PrEP across communication channels to reach a diverse audience. Health educators should organize and implement PrEP provider education facilitated by physicians currently using PrEP to train fellow physicians and clinicians how to assess their patients' sexual and substance abuse history and educate patients about the availability of PrEP. Additionally, the study revealed 41.5% of respondents reported they were currently taking PrEP.
