Download or read book Factors Limiting Survival and Reestablishment of the Critically Endangered Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by Julia S. Polasik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibians are declining worldwide due to factors including habitat loss, disease, environmental contaminants, and climate change. These declines are a cause of concern because of amphibians' vital role as efficient biomass converters and biological indicators in many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The Wyoming toad ( Anaxyrus baxteri ) is a critically endangered amphibian endemic to the Laramie Basin with an unknown cause of decline and subsequent inability to reestablish breeding populations. Early life stages have been the focus of reintroduction efforts that have primarily been limited to large, shallow lakes in the Laramie Basin. I addressed three objectives pertaining to A. baxteri survival and reestablishment: (1) determine habitat and disease limits to growth and survival of early life stages; (2) assess habitat suitability for reintroduction using A. baxteri historic niche and current landscape condition; and (3) design toad enclosures to increase recruitment. I found that accumulated temperature increased tadpole developmental rate while mid-vegetation heights had fewer small toadlets than short or tall vegetation heights at one month post-metamorphosis. Spatial location, climate, and land cover were important for A. baxteri niche and there was 38% decline in the area with greater than 50% probability of occurrence of A. baxteri from historic to current landscapes. Mesh toad enclosures were an effective method of increasing A. baxteri recruitment. These results have implications for habitat management that may improve recovery efforts of A. baxteri at current reintroduction sites and provide insight into A. baxteri 's niche to inform additional reintroduction site selection. These findings can also be applied to improve early life stage survival of other amphibians and historic niche modeling methods can be used to assess habitat suitability for species with reduced ranges and guide amphibian conservation efforts worldwide.
Download or read book Emulated Natural Disturbance as Habitat Restoration for the Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by James M. Vance and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphibian populations are declining rapidly around the world, with 207 species declining for unknown reasons. Science can play a critical role in recovering these species by elucidating decline causes and mitigation methods. The Wyoming toad (Anaxyrus baxteri) is an example of a critically endangered amphibian where gaps in information limit species recovery. Despite nearly 20 years of reintroductions, no self-sustaining populations have been reestablished. It is likely that altered disturbance regimes have changed habitat conditions and, at least partially, inhibited species recovery. Moreover, low retention of release animals (i.e. high mortality or dispersal) has hindered reestablishment. The Wyoming toad evolved in grassland habitat maintained by regular disturbances including fire and grazing, which created open habitat conditions that promote egg development and animal growth. However, grazing regimes have been highly altered and fire has been largely excluded throughout the Wyoming toad’s range. Releases have largely consisted of larval animals without supportive measures, leading to low survival and recruitment of released tadpoles into subsequent age classes. I assessed two objectives related to Wyoming toad reestablishment: 1) understand the effects of fire and cattle grazing on growth, survival, and habitat selection in Wyoming toads (Chapter 1); and 2) determine if different release methods may increase the effectiveness of Wyoming toad reintroductions (Chapter 2). For objective 1, toads raised in recently-burned habitats were larger than those raised in unburned areas and short-term exclusion of grazing had no effect on animal size. Wyoming toads of all ages selected for open canopy areas with recently-metamorphosed individuals selecting areas that were more open than adults. For objective 2, raising tadpoles in enclosures until metamorphosis prior to release increased size and on-site retention. My results demonstrate the importance of habitat management and release methodology in increasing the success of Wyoming toad reintroductions. This information can be used to improve recovery of endangered amphibians and help reverse the trend of amphibian declines.
Download or read book Characterization of the Genetic Diversity in Endangered Wyoming Toad Anaxyrus Baxteri written by Renee Marie Martin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Malathion Aerial Drift and Associated Effects to the Endangered Wyoming Toad Bufo Baxteri Using Surrogate Woodhouse s Toads Bufo Woodhousii at Mortenson and Hutton Lake National Wildlife Refuges and Potential Reintroduction Sites written by T. Huang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endangered Wyoming toad is confined to Mortenson National Wildlife Refuge in southeast Wyoming. Pesticide aerial drift from mosquito control activities adjacent to the refuge may be partially responsible for the toad's decline. Spray cards had detectable malathion concentrations at three sites but survival of surrogate Woodhouse's toads was 100% and mean ChE activities in brain and plasma samples did not differ significantly among sites. Righting trial times in surrogates among sites after spraying were not significantly different. Terrestrial invertebrate abundance results were inconclusive but differences in aquatic invertebrate relative abundance before or after spraying were not significant except at the reference site and Meeboer Lake. Our results indicate that, although some malathion drift is occurring, the toads were not exposed to malathion concentrations great enough to reduce adult survival, affect predator avoidance behavior, or reduce their food source. The data also provide needed information on ChE activities in amphibians.
Download or read book Frogs of the United States and Canada written by C. Kenneth Dodd Jr. and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2023-06-20 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The premiere reference book on the 108 species of frogs inhabiting North America north of Mexico. An unparalleled synthesis of the biology and behavior of all native and nonindigenous species, this two-volume, extensively referenced resource has been called the most important book ever published on North American anura. Color photographs and range maps accompany species accounts detailing information on etymology, nomenclature, identification, distribution, fossil record, systematics and geographic variation, life history and ecology, behavior, population and community biology, and conservation. This new edition of the text contains the following updates: Literature citations have been added from 2012 to 2021, now spanning from 1709 to 2021. Distribution maps have been updated, recording the decreased ranges due to declining amphibian populations. Photographs have been revised to ensure the highest digital quality. Anaxyrus williamsi and Lithobates kauffeldi, newly described species, have been included. An account is also included for Gastrophryne mazatlanensis, now recognized as occurring within the United States. Generic keys have been added. A brief section on N.A. frogs in history and art have been added. Nomenclature has been updated (Incilius for Ollotis). Now the only up-to-date and comprehensive resource for those trying to protect amphibians in the US and Canada, as well as for researchers and wildlife managers who study biodiversity"--
Download or read book The Endangered Species Act written by Stanford Environmental Law Society and published by Stanford Environmental Law Soc. This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a guide to the federal Endangered Species Act, the primary U.S. law aimed at protecting species of animals and plants from human threats to their survival. It is intended for lawyers, government agency employees, students, community activists, businesspeople, and any citizen who wants to understand the Act--its history, provisions, accomplishments, and failures.
Download or read book Reproductive Sciences in Animal Conservation written by Pierre Comizzoli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition emphasizes the environmental impact on reproduction, with updated chapters throughout as well as complete new chapters on species such as sharks and rays. This is a wide-ranging book that will be of relevance to anyone involved in species conservation, and provides critical perspectives on the real utility of current and emerging reproductive sciences. Understanding reproductive biology is centrally important to the way many of the world’s conservation problems should be tackled. Currently the extinction problem is huge, with up to 30% of the world’s fauna being expected to disappear in the next 50 years. Nevertheless, it has been estimated that the global population of animals in zoos encompasses 12,000 – 15,000 species, and we anticipate that every effort will be made to preserve these species for as long as possible, minimizing inbreeding effects and providing the best welfare standards available. Even if the reproductive biology community cannot solve the global biodiversity crisis for all wild species, we should do our best to maintain important captive populations. Reproductive biology in this context is much more than the development of techniques for helping with too little or too much breeding. While some of the relevant techniques are useful for individual species that society might target for a variety of reasons, whether nationalistic, cultural or practical, technical developments have to be backed up by thorough biological understanding of the background behind the problems.
Download or read book Amphibian conservation action plan proceedings IUCN SSC Amphibian Conservation Summit 2005 written by and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrated Population Models written by Michael Schaub and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Population Models: Theory and Ecological Applications with R and JAGS is the first book on integrated population models, which constitute a powerful framework for combining multiple data sets from the population and the individual levels to estimate demographic parameters, and population size and trends. These models identify drivers of population dynamics and forecast the composition and trajectory of a population. Written by two population ecologists with expertise on integrated population modeling, this book provides a comprehensive synthesis of the relevant theory of integrated population models with an extensive overview of practical applications, using Bayesian methods by means of case studies. The book contains fully-documented, complete code for fitting all models in the free software, R and JAGS. It also includes all required code for pre- and post-model-fitting analysis. Integrated Population Models is an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in population analysis, and for graduate-level students in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife management, and related fields. The text is ideal for self-study and advanced graduate-level courses. Offers practical and accessible ecological applications of IPMs (integrated population models) Provides full documentation of analyzed code in the Bayesian framework Written and structured for an easy approach to the subject, especially for non-statisticians
Download or read book Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico written by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Committee on Standard English and Scientific Names and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphibian Medicine and Captive Husbandry written by Kevin M. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is designed to introduce veterinary practitioners to the diagnosis and treatment of disease in captive amphibians. It covers various aspects of amphibian captive husbandry and propagation while providing the reader with a foundation on which to evaluate a given husbandry routine. The diagnosis of disease in amphibians by the application of basic clinicopathologic techniques is discussed, and infectious, metabolic, nutritional, neoplastic and idiopathic disorders of amphibians are also covered.
Download or read book Invasive Exotic Species in the Sonoran Region written by Barbara Tellman and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All over the planet, organisms of many species are appearing outside of their natural habitatsÑoften carried by that particularly peripatetic species Homo sapiens. This book marks the first comprehensive attempt to address problems posed by expanding populations of exotic plant and animal species in the Sonoran Desert and adjacent grasslands and riparian areas. It describes the arrival and spread of non-native species as diverse as rats and saltcedar, covering both their impacts and the management of those impacts. It is estimated that as much as 60 percent of the vegetative cover of the Sonoita Creek-Patagonia Reserve, the first Nature Conservancy area designated in Arizona, is dominated by exotic plants, and that introduced fish pose a recurrent threat to the native fish of that area. Meanwhile at the Grand Canyon, invasives such as tamarisk, red brome, carp, and catfish are pervasive either in the Colorado River or in the patches of desert scrub along its shores. Throughout the Sonoran Desert and adjacent areas, from islands in the Sea of CortŽs to desert grasslands, some six hundred species of non-native plants and animals have become established, with bullfrogs and Mediterranean grasses now common where they once never existed. The book brings together contributors from academia, government, and nonprofit organizations, including such experts as Gary Paul Nabhan, Richard Mack, and Alberto Bœrquez-Montijo. They review historic and even prehistoric origins of non-native speciesÑnot only exotic plants, amphibians, and mammals but also insects, fish, and birds. They then examine significant problems in each major subregion and ecosystem and discuss control efforts. The volume contains the first compiled list of more than 500 naturalized exotic species in the Sonoran region. Invasive species issues are rapidly emerging as major environmental concerns both locally and worldwide. This book will assist professionalsÑecologists, conservation biologists, and policy makersÑinvolved in invasive species control in the Southwest and will be a rich resource for all concerned with protecting native species and their habitats.
Download or read book North American Amphibians written by David M. Green and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts that inhabit North America, numbering nearly 300 species, represent immense variation in form, habitat, distribution and ecology. This volume discusses the diversity of these animals in relation to the historical geography of the North American continent and portrays all of the formally recognized amphibian species to be found in the United States and Canada within a geographical context. Each species is presented with a color photograph, an account of its range, habitat and conservation status, and an up-to-date, full color range map that depicts its known occurrences in relation to the topography of the landscape. This volume reflects the enormous growth in interest about amphibians and increased intensity of scientific research into their biology and distribution that has occurred during the past two decades"--
Download or read book Advances in Reintroduction Biology of Australian and New Zealand Fauna written by Doug Armstrong and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication of Reintroduction Biology of Australian and New Zealand Fauna nearly 20 years ago introduced the new science of ‘reintroduction biology’. Since then, there have been vast changes in our understanding of the process of reintroductions and other conservation-driven translocations, and corresponding changes in regulatory frameworks governing translocations. Advances in Reintroduction Biology of Australian and New Zealand Fauna is a timely review of our understanding of translocation from an Australasian perspective, ensuring translocation becomes an increasingly effective conservation management strategy in the future. Written by experts, including reintroduction practitioners, researchers and policy makers, the book includes extensive practical advice and example case studies, identifies emerging themes and suggests future directions. Topics include: key questions in reintroduction biology; population establishment; prey naivety; disease management; dispersal; the roles of trials and experiments; modelling projections; assisted colonisation; population interchange; genetic diversity; disease management; metapopulation dynamics; reintroduced species as ecological engineers; the contributions of sanctuary networks and zoos; and extensive insights from reintroduction programs. This book is aimed at conservation practitioners and researchers, as well as conservation management agencies and NGOs. Although it is based on Australasian examples, it will be of interest globally due to synergies with reintroduction programs throughout the world.
Download or read book Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture written by Elsa Cabrita and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The large amount of information on fish reproduction available is not always readily accessible to all interested parties. Written to appeal to aquaculturalists, conservation managers, and scientific researchers, Methods in Reproductive Aquaculture provides an overview of available techniques and addresses ways to improve depleted stocks of endange
Download or read book Zoogeography written by American Association for the Advancement of Science and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A symposium presented on August 26-27, 1957 [under the prime auspices of the Pacific Section of the Society of Systematic Zoology] at the Stanford University joint meeting of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science; and a symposium presented on December 28, 1957 at the Indianapolis meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science"--T.p.
Download or read book Lizards of the American Southwest written by Lawrence L. C. Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lizards of the American Southwest covers all 96 species found in California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, and Texas west of the Pecos River. Learn where to find lizards and how to identify them. Includes detailed information on habitat, natural history, taxonomy, viewing tips, plus hundreds of photos, illustrations, and maps.
