Download or read book Factors Influencing the Morphology of Polymer Blends During Melt Processing written by Basil Dimitrios Favis and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Morphology and Orientation Development of Polymer Blends in Melt Processing written by Jinhai Yang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this dissertation, we studied phase morphology development of various polymer blends in both extrusion and melt spinning using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assisted with appropriate etching techniques. Various processing conditions, for example shear or elongation rate, shear or elongation stress, and extrusion die length/diameter ratio were considered. The effects of material characteristics, such as viscosity ratio, miscibility and interfacial tension, were studied. To do this, polymer blends were carefully selected. One isotactic polypropylene was blended with two ethylene butene copolymers (EBM), which had different butene contents. One of the blends was miscible and the other was immiscible. The polypropylene was also blended two ethylene octene copolymers (EOM). The above blends had low interfacial tension and different viscosity ratios. One EBM was blended with two polyamide 12 (PA12) materials. These blends had high interfacial tension and different viscosity ratios. One maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer was added into the EBM/PA12 blends to descrease their interfacial tension. Studies were focused on a phenomenon that the dispersed phases in these blends could coalesce into a surface layer in both extrusion and melt spinning. This process was controlled by viscosity ratio, interfacial tension and processing conditions. The orientation development of melt spun fibers of these blends was studied by both wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and birefringence techniques. The orientation was affected by both blend morphologies and solidification order of the blend individual phases. The phase, which solidifies later in the spinline, did not affect the orientation of the first solidified phase. However, the first solidified phase, if it was continuous phase, could largely suppress the orientation of the second solidified phase. Composite stress analysis explained the different orientation behaviors. Extrusion of a PA12 material through a capillary die coated with a EBM material was studied. The EBM coated die could largely increase the flow rates of the PA12 melt compared with a clean die. This behavior was explained by significant slippage between PA12 and EBM melts. A flow model was given to calculate the slippage speeds. Adding some maleic anhydride grafted ethylene octene copolymer into the EBM could largely suppress the interface slippage between PA12 and EBM."--Abstract.
Download or read book Polymer Blends Handbook written by L. A. Utracki and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 1800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international group of highly respected contributors, this fundamental reference work covers all aspects of polymer blends: science, engineering, technology and applications.
Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Blends written by Sabu Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap for a reference dedicated to the characterization of polymer blends and their micro and nano morphologies, this book provides comprehensive, systematic coverage in a one-stop, two-volume resource for all those working in the field. Leading researchers from industry and academia, as well as from government and private research institutions around the world summarize recent technical advances in chapters devoted to their individual contributions. In so doing, they examine a wide range of modern characterization techniques, from microscopy and spectroscopy to diffraction, thermal analysis, rheology, mechanical measurements and chromatography. These methods are compared with each other to assist in determining the best solution for both fundamental and applied problems, paying attention to the characterization of nanoscale miscibility and interfaces, both in blends involving copolymers and in immiscible blends. The thermodynamics, miscibility, phase separation, morphology and interfaces in polymer blends are also discussed in light of new insights involving the nanoscopic scale. Finally, the authors detail the processing-morphology-property relationships of polymer blends, as well as the influence of processing on the generation of micro and nano morphologies, and the dependence of these morphologies on the properties of blends. Hot topics such as compatibilization through nanoparticles, miscibility of new biopolymers and nanoscale investigations of interfaces in blends are also addressed. With its application-oriented approach, handpicked selection of topics and expert contributors, this is an outstanding survey for anyone involved in the field of polymer blends for advanced technologies.
Download or read book Polymer Morphology written by Qipeng Guo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on structure-property relationships, this book describes how polymer morphology affects properties and how scientists can modify them. The book covers structure development, theory, simulation, and processing; and discusses a broad range of techniques and methods. • Provides an up-to-date, comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices of polymer morphology • Illustrates major structure types, such as semicrystalline morphology, surface-induced polymer crystallization, phase separation, self-assembly, deformation, and surface topography • Covers a variety of polymers, such as homopolymers, block copolymers, polymer thin films, polymer blends, and polymer nanocomposites • Discusses a broad range of advanced and novel techniques and methods, like x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and electron microscopy and their applications in the morphology of polymer materials
Download or read book Toughened Plastics written by C. Bucknall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends Volume 2 written by Avraam I. Isayev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and timely overview of the topic, this volume imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. Each article is uniformly structured for easy navigation, containing the latest research & development and its basic principles and applications, examples of case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, as well as due reference to the published and patented literature.
Download or read book Polymer Blend De mixing and Morphology Development During Tube Flow written by Askar Karami and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is an investigation of morphology and de-mixing of polymer blends during melt flow through a tube. Morphology is the relative size, shape and location of each distinguishable phase present in a polymer blend. De-mixing is the shear-induced migration of different types of polymers away from each other during the flow. Being able to tailor de-mixing during extrusion can potentially result in a new family of plastics waste recycling processes with mixed waste entering an extruder and separate streams of different polymer types leaving it. Also, control of morphology development can lead to the formation of layered structures without the need for two or more extruders and co-extrusion. These ideas formed the basis for a U.S. Patent. However, obtaining an understanding of the phenomena is critical to improving separations to a practical level. This thesis is directed at elucidating morphology development and de-mixing of polymer blends in the most simple process design: melt flow through a tube. The work had four objectives. The first was to design a process that would enable elucidation of both morphology and de-mixing along the tube. This was done by attaching a long segmented tube to a static mixer which in turn was attached to the end of a single screw extruder. At the conclusion of a run, the tube was quenched and disassembled to provide the needed samples. The second objective was to develop analytical methods to measure polymer composition in the samples. A mid-infrared spectrometer technique and a method based on the use of a differential scanning calorimeter were developed. The third objective was to use the above accomplishments to elucidate morphology development and polymer migration. Shear-induced migration was quantitatively shown in various polyethylene-polypropylene, polypropylene-nylon6 and polyethylene-nylon6 blends. The theoretical rate of viscous energy dissipation per unit length of the tube was used to show that the observed shear-induced migration was in accordance with the principle of energy minimization. The ratio of the viscosity of the dispersed phased to that of the continuous phase greatly influenced the morphology of polypropylene-nylon6 and polyethylene-nylon6 blends: a droplet-dispersed phase structure occurred at a high viscosity ratio whereas a multi-layer structure resulted at viscosity ratios near unity. Shear-induced deformation and coalescence contributed to formation of the multi-layer structure. Finally, the fourth objective was to investigate the effect of morphology development on viscosity measurement by capillary rheometry. The extruder-tube process was used as the rheometer. Morphology had a large impact on the value of the measured viscosity and viscosity-composition data were shown to be not readily fit by two mixing rule models: Lees' model and a sheath-core model. Greatly improved results were obtained by introducing a "shear-induced interlayer slip factor" into the sheath-core model.
Download or read book Handbook of Polymer Synthesis Characterization and Processing written by Enrique Saldivar-Guerra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.
Download or read book Compatibilization of Polymer Blends written by Ajitha A. R and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compatibilization of Polymer Blends: Micro and Nano Scale Phase Morphologies, Interphase Characterization and Properties offers a comprehensive approach to the use of compatibilizers in polymer blends, examining both fundamental and advanced knowledge in the field. The book begins by introducing polymer blends, describing thermodynamics, miscibility, and phase separation, and explaining the main concepts of compatibilization. Other sections cover theoretical approaches for nearly compatible blends, incompatible blends, nanofillers, physical compatibilization, reactive compatibilization, morphological and structural characterization, and physico-mechanical characterization. Finally, key application areas are covered, including biomedical applications, packaging and automobile engineering. While this book will be a highly valuable reference source for academics, researchers and postgraduate students interested in polymer blends, it will also be ideal for anyone involved in the fields of polymer science, polymer chemistry, polymer physics, materials science, scientists, R&D professionals, and engineers in involved in the development or engineering of polymer products. Offers detailed and systematic coverage of essential and advanced topics relating to the compatibilization of polymer blends Presents a critical analysis of the effect of compatibilization on morphology and thermal, mechanical, electrical and viscoelastic properties of polymer blends Draws on novel studies and state-of-the-art research, discussing the latest issues and developments
Download or read book A Morphological Study of the Deformation of the Dispersed Phase in Immiscible Polymer Blends During Melt Processing written by R. Gonzalez-Nunez and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymer Blends written by Ezio Martuscelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicomponent polymeric systems, or polymeric blends, have recently created considerable interest and they represent a new and important challenge for research. These systems have already become technologically important, but the prospects for their applications have by no means been exhausted. For thermodynamic reasons polymer blends do not usually form homogeneous mixtures but exhibit micro or macrophase separation. This incompatibility has some inherent advantages as varying the composition and the processing conditions, materials with different structures and morphologies can be obtained whose properties may be superior to those of one of the components e. g. high impact resistant plastics. Investigations of multicomponent polymer systems constitute a new branch of macromolecular science which now claims as much interest as the behaviour of dilute solutions, crystallization, statistics of chain~~ tacticity, and single crystal formation did a few years ago. The complexity of the problems related to control led preparation and properties studies of mUlticomponent polymer systems is such that it is often more practicable to conduct them on an international basis. The aim of the first Joint Italian-Polish Seminar on Multicomponent Polymer Systems was to discuss recent results obtained in that field in both countries. As the range of topics to be covered was fairly wide, we thought it advisable to invite scientists from other countries to share with us some aspects of their own studies.
Download or read book Polymer Blends written by Ezio Martuscelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multicomponent polymeric systems, or polymeric blends, have recently created considerable interest and they represent a new and important challenge for research. These systems have already become technologically important, but the prospects for their applications have by no means been exhausted. For thermodynamic reasons polymer blends do not usually form homogeneous mixtures but exhibit micro or macrophase separation. This incompatibility has some inherent advantages as varying the composition and the processing conditions, materials with different structures and morphologies can be obtained whose properties may be superior to those of one of the components e. g. high impact resistant plastics. Investigations of multicomponent polymer systems constitute a new branch of macromolecular science which now claims as much interest as the behaviour of dilute solutions, crystallization, statistics of chain~~ tacticity, and single crystal formation did a few years ago. The complexity of the problems related to control led preparation and properties studies of mUlticomponent polymer systems is such that it is often more practicable to conduct them on an international basis. The aim of the first Joint Italian-Polish Seminar on Multicomponent Polymer Systems was to discuss recent results obtained in that field in both countries. As the range of topics to be covered was fairly wide, we thought it advisable to invite scientists from other countries to share with us some aspects of their own studies.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Blends Volume 3 written by Avraam I. Isayev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete and timely overview of the topic, this Encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. The most comprehensive source on polymer blends available on the market Offers a complete and timely overview of the topic Each article presents up to date research & development on a topic and its basic principles and applications, integrates case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, and gives due reference to published and patented literature Equips academics, scientists and researchers with knowledge of fundamentals principles and their applications, and informs the engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs about the state of the art technology and its applications
Download or read book Principles of Polymer Processing written by Zehev Tadmor and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised edition of the classic text on polymer processing The Second Edition brings the classic text on polymer processing thoroughly up to date with the latest fundamental developments in polymer processing, while retaining the critically acclaimed approach of the First Edition. Readers are provided with the complete panorama of polymer processing, starting with fundamental concepts through the latest current industry practices and future directions. All the chapters have been revised and updated, and four new chapters have been added to introduce the latest developments. Readers familiar with the First Edition will discover a host of new material, including: * Blend and alloy microstructuring * Twin screw-based melting and chaotic mixing mechanisms * Reactive processing * Devolatilization--theory, mechanisms, and industrial practice * Compounding--theory and industrial practice * The increasingly important role of computational fluid mechanics * A systematic approach to machine configuration design The Second Edition expands on the unique approach that distinguishes it from comparative texts. Rather than focus on specific processing methods, the authors assert that polymers have a similar experience in any processing machine and that these experiences can be described by a set of elementary processing steps that prepare the polymer for any of the shaping methods. On the other hand, the authors do emphasize the unique features of particular polymer processing methods and machines, including the particular elementary step and shaping mechanisms and geometrical solutions. Replete with problem sets and a solutions manual for instructors, this textbook is recommended for undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering and polymer and materials engineering and science. It will also prove invaluable for industry professionals as a fundamental polymer processing analysis and synthesis reference.
Download or read book Polymer Blends written by D.R. Paul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Blends, Volume 2 aims to show the importance of mixed polymer systems as a major branch of macromolecular science and provides a broad background of principles and practices in this field. Starting from where the first volume left off, the book covers topics in the area of polymer blends in Chapters 11-23. Areas of coverage include interpenetrating polymer networks; interfacial agents for polymer blends; rubber modification of plastics; fracture phenomena; coextruded multilayer polymer films and sheets; polymeric plasticizers; and polyolefin blends and their applications. The book is recommended for scientists, technologists, and engineers in the academe, research, and related industry, especially those who wish to be updated with its advances as a science.
Download or read book Multiphase Polylactide Blends written by Mohammadreza Nofar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-07-15 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase Polylactide Blends: Toward a Sustainable and Green Environment guides the reader through fundamentals, science, preparation, and key areas of innovation in polylactide (PLA) blends. Bio-based polymers, and notably PLA, have not only gained increasing interest as a more sustainable alternative but also bring challenges in terms of mechanical, rheological, thermal and physical properties, processability, shapability, and foamability. The use of blends looks to address these, with the development of new types of economically viable and environmentally friendly systems. This is a valuable book for academic researchers, scientists, and graduate students across bio-based polymers, polymer science, chemistry, and materials science, as well as engineers, R&D professionals, and all those in industry with interest in PLA-based blends, biopolymers, and sustainable materials and products. More specifically, the first three chapters of this book overview the fundamentals of thermoplastic polymers, polymer blends, and structure and properties of PLA. These chapters could technically be used as a valuable textbook on the noted topics. The rest of the chapters inclusively study the fundamentals, investigations, and achievements in PLA-based blends with various types of polymers. These include miscible blends of poly L-lactide and poly D-lactide, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics and elastomers, PLA-based ternary blends and blend nanocomposites, as well as PLA-based blend foams. Overall, this book provides a thorough and critical overview of the state of the art in PLA-based blends, including significant past and recent advances, with the aim of supporting and shaping further research and industrial application of these materials for the development of a green and sustainable future. Overviews the fundamentals of thermoplastic polymers, polymer blends, and the structure and properties of PLA. Provides detailed coverage of the fundamentals and science of PLA blends, including phase miscibility, thermal and mechanical properties, interface and rheological properties, the use of compatibilizers, and phase morphological analysis. Offers a thorough critical overview of the state of the art in processing and development of PLA-based blends, addressing key challenges and future perspectives. Covers the latest advances, including PLA-based ternary blends, blend nanocomposites, and PLA-based blend microcellular foams.
