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Book Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride with Zero valent Iron Under Initially Oxic and Anoxic Conditions

Download or read book Dechlorination of Carbon Tetrachloride with Zero valent Iron Under Initially Oxic and Anoxic Conditions written by Bradley R. Helland and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Factors Influencing Rates and Products in the Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Zerovalent Iron Metal

Download or read book Factors Influencing Rates and Products in the Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Zerovalent Iron Metal written by Maria L. Tamara and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Processes Affecting Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents by Zero Valent Iron

Download or read book Processes Affecting Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents by Zero Valent Iron written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zero-valent iron may participate in the reductive dechlorination process by three different mechanisms: direct, electrolytic reduction; reduction by hydrogen produced during the corrosion process; and reduction by dissolved (ferrous) iron that is also produced by corroding iron. The first step of electrolytic reduction is presumably, the transfer of one electron from the metal surface to the organic molecule. This results in an organic anion radical that may then lose a halide anion to give a carbon-centered radical, and oxidized iron, which is eventually released to the solution as Fe(2+). The goal of our research is to provide a comprehensive survey of the mechanisms that affect the performance of this reactive barrier technology.

Book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration

Download or read book Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Particles for Environmental Restoration written by Tanapon Phenrat and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete edited volume devoted to providing comprehensive and state-of-the art descriptions of science principles and pilot- and field-scaled engineering applications of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) for soil and groundwater remediation. Although several books on environmental nanotechnology contain chapters of NZVI for environmental remediation (Wiesner and Bottero (2007); Geiger and Carvalho-Knighton (2009); Diallo et al. (2009); Ram et al. (2011)), none of them include a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental and applied aspects of NZVI applications. Most devote a chapter or two discussing a contemporary aspect of NZVI. In addition, environmental nanotechnology has a broad audience including environmental engineers and scientists, geochemists, material scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, ecologists and toxicologists. None of the current books contain enough background material for such multidisciplinary readers, making it difficult for a graduate student or even an experienced researcher or environmental remediation practitioner new to nanotechnology to catch up with the massive, undigested literature. This prohibits the reader from gaining a complete understanding of NZVI science and technology. In this volume, the sixteen chapters are based on more than two decades of laboratory research and development and field-scaled demonstrations of NZVI implementation. The authors of each chapter are leading researchers and/or practitioners in NZVI technology. This book aims to be an important resource for all levels of audiences, i.e. graduate students, experienced environmental and nanotechnology researchers, and practitioners evaluating environmental remediation, as it is designed to involve everything from basic to advanced concepts.

Book Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants

Download or read book Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants written by Matthew A. Tarr and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-08 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Degradation Methods for Wastes and Pollutants focuses on established and emerging chemical procedures for the management of pollutants in industrial wastewater and the environment. This reference offers an in-depth explanation of the degradation process, mechanisms, and control factors affecting each method, as well as issues crucial to th

Book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Book International Containment Technology Conference

Download or read book International Containment Technology Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book The Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene and Carbon Tetrachloride Mixtures by Anaerobic Bacteria

Download or read book The Reductive Dechlorination of Tetrachloroethylene Trichloroethylene and Carbon Tetrachloride Mixtures by Anaerobic Bacteria written by Rebecca Davis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Investigations of Reductive Dechlorination Reactions of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes on Zero valent Metals Using Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis

Download or read book Investigations of Reductive Dechlorination Reactions of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes on Zero valent Metals Using Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis written by Nancy Anne VanStone and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reductive dechlorination reactions occurring on zero-valent metal surfaces for chlorinated ethenes and chlorinated ethanes are investigated using compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) to measure carbon isotopic fractionation and carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIE). Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated contaminants on zero-valent iron (Fe0) is used for remediation purposes at over 100 sites worldwide employing permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Degradation can occur via 3 main pathways: (1) alpha-elimination, (2) beta-elimination and (3) hydrogenolysis. Experiments documenting carbon isotopic fractionation observed during degradation of a suite of chlorinated ethenes are described, and it is demonstrated that reproducible carbon isotopic fractionation occurs for perchloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). The results for Fe0 from two different sources show distinct differences in both rates of reaction and isotopic fractionation factors (epsilon), particularly for the cis-DCE and VC. Using ground water samples from pre- and post-treatment of a Fe0 PRB at F.E. Warren Air Force Base, it is established that carbon isotopic fractionation of chlorinated ethenes follows the same principles under field conditions, and it is shown that CSIA, in combination with traditional compositional analysis, can help to resolve complex performance-related problems for PRBs. Finally, it is demonstrated that reaction pathways and mechanisms can be investigated using CSIA and ranges of epsilon and KIE are established for the investigated reactions on different zero-valent metals. In batch experiments monitoring dichloroethane (DCA) degradation on Zn0, CSIA was used to determine that a common rate limiting step occurs for hydrogenolysis and alpha-elimination reactions of 1,1-DCA. As well, overall epsilon and KIE are greater for beta-elimination of 1,2-DCA than for hydrogenolysis and alpha-elimination of 1,1-DCA. The degradation of a chlorinated ethene, cis-DCE, was investigated on Fe0. Direct measurements of epsilon and KIE for hydrogenolysis and beta-elimination were measured using CSIA. It is established that these reactions do not share a rate limiting step, and unique and reproducible carbon isotopic fractionation is associated with each reaction pathway. CSIA has been shown to be a versatile tool, aiding research as both a reliable diagnostic (i.e. identification of degradation) and as a valuable analytical instrument for mechanistic studies.

Book Environmental Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation

Download or read book Environmental Soil Remediation and Rehabilitation written by Eric D. van Hullebusch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of innovative remediation techniques and strategies for soils contaminated by heavy metals or organic compounds (e.g. petroleum hydrocarbons, NAPLs and chlorinated organic compounds). It discusses various novel chemical remediation approaches (in-situ and ex-situ) used alone and in combination with physical and/or thermal treatment. Further, it addresses the recovery of NAPLs, reuse of leaching solutions, and in-situ chemical reduction and oxidation, and explores the chemical enhancement of physical NAPLs recovery from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Also presenting the state-of-the-art in waste-assisted bioremediation to improve soil quality and the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons, the book is a valuable resource for students, researchers and R&D professionals in industry engaged in the treatment of contaminated soils.

Book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation

Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.