Download or read book Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Microbial Protein Synthesis written by Kelli Anne Gray and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting Efficiency of Net Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Cattle written by Michael John Cecava and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to examine factors that affect nutrient digestion and microbial protein synthesis in cattle. In the first study, four cannulated (rumen, proximal duodenum, terminal ileum) steers were used in a 4 $times$ 4 Latin square design experiment. Steers were fed corn/corn silage (low forage) or alfalfa hay/corn silage (high forage) diets twice or 12 times daily. Site of OM digestion shifted from the rumen to the small intestine and total tract OM digestion was increased when steers were fed the low forage diet. Nonbacterial N flows at the duodenum increased when steers were fed the low forage diet and when fed 12 times daily. Results of this study suggest that energy level of the diet can impact on site of nutrient digestion and supply of nutrients at different sites within the digestive tract. However, feeding frequency had minimal impact on digestive kinetics. In a concurrent project, effects of main treatment factors and bacterial harvesting techniques on bacterial composition were investigated. Whole ruminal contents were collected from steers and fluid- and particle-associated bacteria were obtained. Energy level, feeding frequency and pre-harvesting freezing had only minor effects on composition of harvested bacteria but differences were observed in fluid vs particle-associated or mixed populations of ruminal bacteria. In the second study, four multiple-cannulated steers were used in a 4 $times$ 4 Latin square design to examine effects of forage:concentrate ratio and ruminally degradable protein supply on microbial N Kinetics and net protein synthesis. Steers were fed ammoniated corn cob (high forage) or corn cob/ground corn/cornstarch (low forage) diets supplemented with soybean meal (SBM) or a combination of corn gluten meal and blood meal (CB). Efficiency of bacterial CF synthesis (E$sb{rm MCP}$) decreased when the low forage diet was fed but duodenal bacterial N flows were unaffected by energy level. Feeding SBM vs CB increased E$sb{rm MCP}$ and flow of bacterial N to the small intestine. It was concluded that inclusion of a ruminally degradable protein in the diet may synchronize release of nutrients from proteolysis with release of energy from fermentation.
Download or read book Factors Affecting and Measurement of Microbial Protein Synthesis in Vitro written by Lyle Mason Rode and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants written by Y. Ruckebusch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two questions could not be avoided in the avant-propos of this book; (i) what is the importance to man of ruminant livestock, and (ii) what results of practical relevance in the growing mountain of scientific verbiage could be found in the Proceedings of this Symposium. Herbivores are an integral and critical part of the natural ecosystem which must be preserved because of their impact on human welfare. Wh at makes ruminants especially important to man is that they can thrive on fibrous forage and are thus the only viable enterprise over much of the earth's surface where crop growing is impracti cable. They contribute a wide array of products in addition to 50000 000 tonnes ofmeat (1977) and represent a 'capital reserve' that can be drawn upon in times of emergency: milk for example (450000000 tonnes) can make the difference between subsistence and starvation. About 60% of the world's meat and 80 % of the milk are produced by one third of the world ruminant population in the developed regions and as much as 99 % of the power for agriculture is provided by the ruminant population in developing countries. For the next two decades, a probable increase by 30 % for . cattle and buffalo and more than 40 % for sheep and goats is expected by improving health, fertility, nutrition and genetic potential rather than feed resources.
Download or read book Principles of Protein Nutrition of Ruminants written by J. Malcolm Asplund and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-03-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Protein Nutrition of Ruminants is a cutting-edge examination of the current state of knowledge in this important field. It explores current techniques and concepts, pointing out limitations to these techniques and introducing ideas and criticisms that will be useful in developing new paradigms for research. The scope of the book covers the whole spectrum of investigation from grazing behavior of wild ruminants to cellular and molecular phenomena. Unique aspects of the book include its emphasis on the energy status of the animal as the primary factor in affecting amino acid supply and its discussion of the nature of nitrogenous compounds in feedstuffs.
Download or read book Improving Rumen Function written by Chris McSweeney and published by Burleigh Dodds Agricultural Sc. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1 summarises advances in analysing the rumen microbiome. Part 2 reviews recent research on different types of rumen microbiota. Part 3 discusses the way the rumen processes nutrients whilst Part 4 explores nutritional strategies to optimise rumen function.
Download or read book Engineering Rumen Metabolic Pathways Where We Are and Where Are We Heading written by Emilio M. Ungerfeld and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-03-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ruminants were domesticated in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago and have since become an inseparable part of human diet, society, and culture. Ruminants can transform inedible plant fiber and non-protein nitrogen into meat, milk, wool and traction, thus allowing human utilization of non-tillable land and industrial by-products. The nutritional flexibility of ruminants is conferred by the rumen´s complex microbial community. Driven by rising income and population growth in emergent economies, the global demand for livestock products, including milk and meat from ruminants, has been increasingly growing, and is predicted to continue growing in the next few decades. The increase in production necessary to satisfy this rising demand is putting much pressure on already dwindling natural resources. There are also concerns about the emissions of methane and nitrous oxide, potent greenhouse gases associated to ruminant production. The need to make ruminant production more efficient in the use of natural resources poses a big challenge to ruminant science, and within it, rumen microbiology. Recent years have seen important advances in basic and applied rumen microbiology and biochemistry. The knowledge generated has significant implications for the efficiency and sustainability of ruminant production and the quality of ruminant products for human health. The present compilation is an update of recent advances in rumen microbiology and ruminant digestion and fermentation, including original research, reviews, and hypothesis and theory articles. We hope that the experimental results, discussion, models and ideas presented herein are useful to foster future research contributing to sustainable ruminant production.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Growth and Survival of Ruminal Bacteria written by Jo Ann Sylvia Van Kessel and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem written by P.N. Hobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Preface to the first edition of this book explained the reasons for the publication of a comprehensive text on the rumen and rumen microbes in 1988. The microbes of the ruminant's forestomach and those in related organs in other animals and birds provide the means by which herbivorous animals can digest and obtain nutriment from vegetation. In turn, humans have relied, and still do rely, on herbivores for much of their food, clothing and motive power. Herbivores also form the food of carnivorous animals and birds in the wild. The importance of the rumen microorganisms is thus apparent. But, while a knowledge of rumen organisms is not strictly neces sary for the normal, practical feeding of farm animals, in recent years there has been much more emphasis on increasing the productivity of domesti cated animals and in rearing farm animals on unusual feedstuffs. Here, a knowledge of the reactions of the rumen flora, and the limits to these reactions, can be invaluable. In addition, anaerobic rumen-type microor ganisms are found in the intestines of omnivores, including humans, and can be implicated in diseases of humans and animals. They are also found in soils and natural waters, where they playa part in causing pollution and also in reducing it, while the same organisms confined in artificial systems are essential for the purification of sewage and other polluting and toxic wastes.
Download or read book The Rumen and Its Microbes written by Robert E. Hungate and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rumen and Its Microbes is a contribution to the ecology of this important microbial habitat. Relatively few microbial habitats have been subjected to a thorough quantitative ecological analysis. The rumen fermentation is peculiarly suitable because of its relatively constant and continuous nature and because of the very rapid rates of conversion of organic matter. Although analysis of the ruminant-microbe symbiosis is still far from complete, knowledge is sufficient for formulation of principles and for identification and measurement of important parameters. The first eight chapters of the book include a description of the rumen and its microbes, their activities, and the extent of these activities. This basic biology provides a framework in which applications to agriculture can be evaluated. These applications are discussed in the last four chapters: host metabolism, variation in the rumen, possible practical applications, and abnormalities in rumen function.
Download or read book Growth in Animals written by T.L.J. Lawrence and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-03 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in the Agricultural and Food Sciences: Growth in Animals discusses the more advanced concepts of growth, its changes and effects on different animals and systems, and its implications for agriculture. Based on a symposium of the same name, the book defines growth and its effects on the whole body; the biochemical and genetic determinants that affect it; and the effect of thermal environment on growth and its relation with immunity. Growth of bones, muscle nucleic acid and protein, and adipose tissue are also explained. The text also encompasses the relation of growth and gut microflora; the effects of growth-promoting agents in ruminant animals and single-stomach animals; and growth and breeding performance in animals. The growth in mammals and birds for meat production and its effects on the meat quality of animals are also covered in this book. This monograph is recommended for those who would want to start or are currently running animal and poultry farms, as well as for scientists who wish to study the phenomenon of growth for the betterment of agriculture.
Download or read book The Biological Efficiency of Protein Production written by J. G. W. Jones and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1973 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1973 volume reports the proceedings of a 1971 symposium considering the relative biological efficiency of alternative methods of protein production by plants and animals.
Download or read book Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition written by W Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Developments in Ruminant Nutrition presents papers that discuss the advancement of the different areas of ruminant nutrition. The book is comprised of 20 chapters that cover topics, such as reproduction, diet, and nutrition. The coverage of the text includes growth stimulation in ruminants; protein quantity and quality for the U.K. dairy cow; and complete-diet feeding of dairy cows. The book also covers rumen fermentation related topics, such as influence of nitrogen and carbohydrate inputs on rumen fermentation; aspects of the biochemistry of rumen fermentation and their implication in ruminant productivity; and manipulation of rumen fermentation. The text will be of great use to researchers and professionals in the animal husbandry industry.
Download or read book Synchronization of Energy and Protein Supply in The Rumen of Diary Crows written by Teja Kaswari and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2004-03-11 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Dietary Carbohydrates Research written by M. V. Landow and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbohydrates are present in food comprising of digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibres. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes, tubers, etc. In patients with hepatic forms of porphyria, a person should consume at least 350 mg of carbohydrate per day, or the carbohydrates should make up 60-65 per cent of the daily consumption. This book examines and presents new research of the complexity, effects and nutritional aspects of dietary carbohydrates.
Download or read book Proceedings written by World Conference on Animal Production and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant written by Peter J. Van Soest and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental text-reference places in clear persepctive the importance of nutritional assessments to the ecology and biology of ruminants and other nonruminant herbivorous mammals. Now extensively revised and significantly expanded, it reflects the changes and growth in ruminant nutrition and related ecology since 1982. Among the subjects Peter J. Van Soest covers are nutritional constraints, mineral nutrition, rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, utilization of fibrous carbohydrates, application of ruminant precepts to fermentive digestion in nonruminants, as well as taxonomy, evolution, nonruminant competitors, gastrointestinal anatomies, feeding behavior, and problems fo animal size. He also discusses methods of evaluation, nutritive value, physical struture and chemical composition of feeds, forages, and broses, the effects of lignification, and ecology of plant self-protection, in addition to metabolism of energy, protein, lipids, control of feed intake, mathematical models of animal function, digestive flow, and net energy. Van Soest has introduced a number of changes in this edition, including new illustrations and tables. He places nutritional studies in historical context to show not only the effectiveness of nutritional approaches but also why nutrition is of fundamental importance to issues of world conservation. He has extended precepts of ruminant nutritional ecology to such distant adaptations as the giant panda and streamlined conceptual issues in a clearer logical progression, with emphasis on mechanistic causal interrelationships. Peter J. Van Soest is Professor of Animal Nutrition in the Department of Animal Science and the Division of Nutritional Sciences at the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University.
