Download or read book Factors Affecting Monod Kinetic Parameters Obtained by Extant Respirometry and Their Implications for Activated Sludge Process Engineering written by Sean E. Scuras and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Activated Sludge Kinetic Parameter Determination by Extant Respirometry written by Michael P. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process written by Henri Spanjers and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebook only (available soon) The report describes the principles of measurement of respiration rate, the transformation of measurement data into other types of information, and the application of the obtained information in process control strategies. Some fundamental concepts on biological respiration and process control are provided to assist the reader with understanding the principles. A structured overview comprises some eighty control strategies in which respirometry plays a role. To enable the reader to consult the information sources, an extensive literature list of over 500 references in included and classified into six themes. Contents Fundamentals of Respiration Measuring Principles Measured and Deduced Variables Elementary Control Concepts Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process Summary and Perspectives. Scientific and Technical Report No.7 Also Available Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Benchmarking Control Strategies

Download or read book Characterization of the Activated Sludge Process written by Robert D. Bargman and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Concepts for Design and Operation of the Activated Sludge Process written by Anthony F. Gaudy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, research has been conducted to produce a general body of conceptual principles applicable to design and operation of activated sludge processes. The aid of the report is to present these biological concepts in terms readily understood by engineering professionals. Generalized concepts of BOD exertion, the use of the measure of biologically available organic matter in a waste sample as a design and operational tool, the stoichiometry and mass balance concepts of treatment, and kinetic equations for microbial growth are presented. Design models are discussed, and a model for completely mixed reactors holding recycle solids, X(R), constant is recommended. Some guidelines for accommodation of various types of shock loadings are included. Concepts of oxidative assimilation and the multiple effects of solids concentration, nitrogen concentration, and detention time are related; a new activated sludge process (continuous oxidative assimilation) for nitrogen-deficient wastes is presented. Data supporting the concept of total oxidation are presented. Some possible flow diagrams for complete aerobic treatment (purification and sludge disposal) of metabolizable organic wastes are presented.

Download or read book Methods for Wastewater Characterization in Activated Sludge Modelling written by Henryk Melcer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.

Download or read book Respirometry of Activated Sludge written by Milenko Ros and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-03-01 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Influencing Sludge Settling Parameters and Solids Flux in the Activated Sludge Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control Strategies for the Activated Sludge Process written by Thomas M. Keinath and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of the Methods of Linear Least Squares Based on Linearized Models of the Completely Mixed Flow Activated Sludge Process for Estimating the Monod Kinetic Parameters and Alternative Methods for Estimating the Monod Kinetic Parameters written by Stanislas Kouakou Kouadio and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Activated Sludge Developments And Sustainable Solutions written by Nicholas F Gray and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)

Download or read book The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on the Activated Sludge Process written by Gregory Robert Swanson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of pure oxygen activated sludge systems in the late 1960's, proponents have claimed several advantages resulting from the elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) levels maintained. However, numerous comparative studies have failed to produce a consensus of professional opinion regarding the validity of these claimed advantages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate fundamental theories that might explain the effects of elevated DO levels, to assess the validity of claimed advantages for pure oxygen systems, and to provide guidance regarding appropriate DO levels in activated sludge systems. A literature review revealed that dispersed bacterial cells respond to DO, as measured by respiration rate or intracellular concentrations of metabolites, only at very low concentrations (less than about 0.1 mg/1). Consequently, the occurrence of oxygen diffusional limitations in large bacterial floc and the development of an anoxic core was preliminarily identified as the only reasonable theory for explaining effects of high DO levels. The first phase of this study involved the development of dispersed bacterial cultures in chemostats. Results indicated no significant difference in yield, kinetic coefficients, or specific ATP content between chemostats operated at a low DO level (2.0 mg/1) and a high DO level (15 mg/1). These results confirmed that differences in activated sludge characteristics that apparently result from the maintenance of high DO levels can only be attributed to diffusional limitations. The second phase of this research utilized laboratory-scale activated sludge systems. A simple respirometric procedure was utilized to evaluate the response of respiration rate to DO concentration for these flocculant cultures and plots of specific respiration rate versus DO concentration were developed. These curves were subsequently described in terms of the DO at which the respiration rate was 50 percent of the maximum (C° 5) and the DO at which the respiration rate first reached the maximum (Co). Values for C o 0.5 ranged up to about 1.0 mg/1 and for Co up to about 10 mg/1 for culture samples with maximum floc diameters of 1200 microns and respiration rates up to 200 mg 02/g TSS-hr. The final phase of this research involved respirometric tests on mixed liquor samples obtained from three full-scale activated sludge plants, Results indicated that the critical DO (Co) was typically less than 1.5 mg/1, even at higher respiration rates resulting from the treatment of high-strength industrial wastewaters. Floc size measurements indicated that flocs in full-scale plants rarely exceed 300 microns in diameter. It was concluded that oxygen diffusional limitations typically do not occur at full-scale activated sludge plants if aeration basin DO concentrations are maintained above about 1.0 mg/l.

Download or read book Factors Influencing the Biodegradation Kinetics of Toxic Organic Compounds in Activated Sludge Systems written by Charles Vijay Anselm and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When phenol was removed from the feed stream the measured kinetic parameters for phenol significantly reduced, and the kinetic parameters for 4CP increased. When both compounds were removed from the feed the measured kinetic parameters for phenol and 4CP reduced significantly. The results observed from this research have shown that rate of biodegradation of individual organic compounds is significantly influenced by changes in operational conditions. The findings of this research is a significant contribution towards the understanding of the factors that affect the rate of biodegradation kinetics of toxic organic compounds in activated sludge treatment systems.

Download or read book Considerations of Control of the Activated Sludge Treatment Process written by Robert Edwin Molzahn and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Calibration of Bio kinetic Models for Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Biodegradation in an Aerobic Activated Sludge System written by Muhammad Azizul Hoque and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substrate removal mechanisms in a mixed culture of an activated sludge system are still a mystery that researchers have been trying to unravel by proposing and developing models to interpret the observed experimental data. Activated Sludge Model Number 1 (ASM1) was first introduced to better understand the biochemical mechanisms during carbon and nitrogen oxidation and was based on the assumption that the external substrate is consumed only for biomass growth. This model ignored the formation of intracellular polymers (storage products) in the biomass cell, though several researchers observed the phenomenon of storage of carbon sources and the significant role it played in the carbon removal process. As a consequence, the Activated Sludge Model Number 3 (ASM3) was formulated assuming that all the easily biodegradable substrate is first stored internally during the feast phase before being used for growth during famine conditions. However, experimental observations proved that both storage and growth occur simultaneously during the feast phase. Consequently, the simultaneous storage and growth (SSAG) model was developed as an extension to ASM3 specifically to gain an in-depth understanding of the carbon oxidation process. While considerable investigation has been focused on model calibration using respirometric measurements of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) during the aerobic biodegradation of substrate, model-based interpretation of titrimetric measurements has been limited. In biological systems, the oxygen consumption and corresponding pH changes occur simultaneously and can be easily monitored using respirometric and titrimetric experimental observations respectively. Attempts were, therefore, made to calibrate ASM1 using titrimetric measurements. During the subsequent successful development, consideration was given to the pH effects of carbon uptake, ammonia uptake for growth, CO2 production from carbon metabolism and the nonlinear carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR) due to stripping. While respirometry was successfully used to calibrate every proposed new model, the interpretation of titrimetric measurements, however, was always based on ASM1, using calibration substrates such as acetate and ammonium. The SSAG model, developed in the year 2005, proposed an improved kinetic expression for the degradation of storage products under famine conditions. It was successfully calibrated using on-line respirometric measurements and validated using off-line storage products measurements with acetate used as a calibration substrate. However it failed to explain the titrimetric behavior of the substrate biodegradation process. While in most cases the above models were calibrated using simple synthetic substrates, the application of these models for complex substrates was not investigated. Therefore, in this dissertation, the biodegradation kinetics for different substrates like acetate (simple carbon source), sodium dodecyl sulfate (relatively complex carbon source), ammonium (simple nitrogen source), urea (relatively complex nitrogen source) and glutamic acid (combination of carbon and nitrogen) were investigated. A titrimetric respirometer, established in the Water-waste laboratory in the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Australia, was used to conduct batch experiments in order to monitor substrate biodegradation process in an aerobic activated sludge system. Both the dissolved oxygen and the pH control data were logged with the Labview software package. A spreadsheet program was used to calculate the oxygen uptake rate and the proton production/consumption rate from the raw measurements. During batch experiments, the biodegradation of all five test substrates showed unique respirometric and titrimetric behaviors indicating that each of these compounds is biodegraded using distinctive mechanisms with the involvement and coordination of different bacterial populations. The pattern of OURs were observed varying from substrate to substrate describing the characteristics of test compounds. The titrimetric profiles were also different for different substrates biodegradation reflecting the on-going biochemical reaction of respective substrate in activated sludge system. While acetate biodegradation, for example, caused proton consumption (at pH 7.8) in the liquid medium, proton production was noted under feast conditions when either sodium dodecyl sulfate or glutamic acid was used as a test substrate. An in-depth revision of the existing activated sludge models was completed and the models were assessed using experimental observations. An improved bio-kinetic model which includes both the oxygen and proton balances for the biodegradation of each of the test substrates was then developed. In addition, the substrates biodegradation pathway and the non-linear CO2 transfer process were considered during the modeling. For proper model evaluation, the proposed model was calibrated using varying initial substrate concentrations and pH levels. In addition, three different calibration approaches: using respirometric measurements alone, using titrimetric measurements alone and using combined respirometric-titrimetric measurements, were applied during the study. The estimation of model parameters was undertaken using non-linear techniques utilizing the algorithms in the optimisation toolbox (MATLAB). For the biodegradation of each test substrate, the proposed model was successfully calibrated using both the respirometric and titrimetric behaviors in the activated sludge system. The estimated model parameters showed consistent results for all three calibration approaches thereby confirming the precision of the proposed model. The parameter estimation errors (calculated for 95% confidence intervals) as well as the mean squared errors for the different calibration approaches were quite reasonable and confirmed the statistical soundness of the proposed model. In addition, the proposed model was validated using off-line measurements. This dissertation presents an in-depth explanation of how the proposed models interpret the biodegradation processes and how the model parameters vary for different substrates in an activated sludge system. The results will be helpful in further refining current models that can contribute to the optimization of the design operation and enhanced performance of full scale wastewater treatment plants.

Download or read book The Use of High purity Oxygen in the Activated Sludge Process written by John R. McWhirter and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Activated Sludge Process Performance written by Mesut Sezgin and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: