Download or read book Prime Numbers and Computer Methods for Factorization written by Hans Riesel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern age of almost universal computer usage, practically every individual in a technologically developed society has routine access to the most up-to-date cryptographic technology that exists, the so-called RSA public-key cryptosystem. A major component of this system is the factorization of large numbers into their primes. Thus an ancient number-theory concept now plays a crucial role in communication among millions of people who may have little or no knowledge of even elementary mathematics. The independent structure of each chapter of the book makes it highly readable for a wide variety of mathematicians, students of applied number theory, and others interested in both study and research in number theory and cryptography.
Download or read book 1992 Census of Wholesale Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factorization written by Steven H. Weintraub and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-05-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of factorization, familiar in the ordinary system of whole numbers that can be written as a unique product of prime numbers, plays a central role in modern mathematics and its applications. This exposition of the classic theory leads the reader to an understanding of the current knowledge of the subject and its connections to other math
Download or read book Factorization and Primality Testing written by David M. Bressoud and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "About binomial theorems I'm teeming with a lot of news, With many cheerful facts about the square on the hypotenuse. " - William S. Gilbert (The Pirates of Penzance, Act I) The question of divisibility is arguably the oldest problem in mathematics. Ancient peoples observed the cycles of nature: the day, the lunar month, and the year, and assumed that each divided evenly into the next. Civilizations as separate as the Egyptians of ten thousand years ago and the Central American Mayans adopted a month of thirty days and a year of twelve months. Even when the inaccuracy of a 360-day year became apparent, they preferred to retain it and add five intercalary days. The number 360 retains its psychological appeal today because it is divisible by many small integers. The technical term for such a number reflects this appeal. It is called a "smooth" number. At the other extreme are those integers with no smaller divisors other than 1, integers which might be called the indivisibles. The mystic qualities of numbers such as 7 and 13 derive in no small part from the fact that they are indivisibles. The ancient Greeks realized that every integer could be written uniquely as a product of indivisibles larger than 1, what we appropriately call prime numbers. To know the decomposition of an integer into a product of primes is to have a complete description of all of its divisors.
Download or read book Factorization Algebras in Quantum Field Theory written by Kevin Costello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first volume develops factorization algebras with a focus upon examples exhibiting their use in field theory, which will be useful for researchers and graduates.
Download or read book Proof of the 1 Factorization and Hamilton Decomposition Conjectures written by Béla Csaba and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper the authors prove the following results (via a unified approach) for all sufficiently large n: (i) [1-factorization conjecture] Suppose that n is even and D≥2⌈n/4⌉−1. Then every D-regular graph G on n vertices has a decomposition into perfect matchings. Equivalently, χ′(G)=D. (ii) [Hamilton decomposition conjecture] Suppose that D≥⌊n/2⌋. Then every D-regular graph G on n vertices has a decomposition into Hamilton cycles and at most one perfect matching. (iii) [Optimal packings of Hamilton cycles] Suppose that G is a graph on n vertices with minimum degree δ≥n/2. Then G contains at least regeven(n,δ)/2≥(n−2)/8 edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. Here regeven(n,δ) denotes the degree of the largest even-regular spanning subgraph one can guarantee in a graph on n vertices with minimum degree δ. (i) was first explicitly stated by Chetwynd and Hilton. (ii) and the special case δ=⌈n/2⌉ of (iii) answer questions of Nash-Williams from 1970. All of the above bounds are best possible.
Download or read book Abstract Band Method via Factorization Positive and Band Extensions of Multivariable Almost Periodic Matrix Functions and Spectral Estimation written by L. Rodman and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, versions of an abstract scheme are developed, which are designed to provide a framework for solving a variety of extension problems. The abstract scheme is commonly known as the band method. The main feature of the new versions is that they express directly the conditions for existence of positive band extensions in terms of abstract factorizations (with certain additional properties). The results prove, amongst other things, that the band extension is continuous in an appropriate sense.
Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Joy of Factoring written by Samuel S. Wagstaff (Jr.) and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about the theory and practice of integer factorization presented in a historic perspective. It describes about twenty algorithms for factoring and a dozen other number theory algorithms that support the factoring algorithms. Most algorithms are described both in words and in pseudocode to satisfy both number theorists and computer scientists. Each of the ten chapters begins with a concise summary of its contents. This book is written for readers who want to learn more about the best methods of factoring integers, many reasons for factoring, and some history of this fascinating subject. It can be read by anyone who has taken a first course in number theory." -- Publisher website.
Download or read book Factorization Algebras in Quantum Field Theory written by Kevin Costello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume shows how factorization algebras arise from interacting field theories, both classical and quantum.
Download or read book Factorization Algebras in Quantum Field Theory Volume 1 written by Kevin Costello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Factorization algebras are local-to-global objects that play a role in classical and quantum field theory which is similar to the role of sheaves in geometry: they conveniently organize complicated information. Their local structure encompasses examples like associative and vertex algebras; in these examples, their global structure encompasses Hochschild homology and conformal blocks. In this first volume, the authors develop the theory of factorization algebras in depth, but with a focus upon examples exhibiting their use in field theory, such as the recovery of a vertex algebra from a chiral conformal field theory and a quantum group from Abelian Chern-Simons theory. Expositions of the relevant background in homological algebra, sheaves and functional analysis are also included, thus making this book ideal for researchers and graduates working at the interface between mathematics and physics.
Download or read book Encyclopaedia of Mathematics written by Michiel Hazewinkel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first Supplementary volume to Kluwer's highly acclaimed Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. This additional volume contains nearly 600 new entries written by experts and covers developments and topics not included in the already published 10-volume set. These entries have been arranged alphabetically throughout. A detailed index is included in the book. This Supplementary volume enhances the existing 10-volume set. Together, these eleven volumes represent the most authoritative, comprehensive up-to-date Encyclopaedia of Mathematics available.
Download or read book Elements of Mathematics written by Gabor Toth and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook offers a rigorous presentation of mathematics before the advent of calculus. Fundamental concepts in algebra, geometry, and number theory are developed from the foundations of set theory along an elementary, inquiry-driven path. Thought-provoking examples and challenging problems inspired by mathematical contests motivate the theory, while frequent historical asides reveal the story of how the ideas were originally developed. Beginning with a thorough treatment of the natural numbers via Peano’s axioms, the opening chapters focus on establishing the natural, integral, rational, and real number systems. Plane geometry is introduced via Birkhoff’s axioms of metric geometry, and chapters on polynomials traverse arithmetical operations, roots, and factoring multivariate expressions. An elementary classification of conics is given, followed by an in-depth study of rational expressions. Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions complete the picture, driven by inequalities that compare them with polynomial and rational functions. Axioms and limits underpin the treatment throughout, offering not only powerful tools, but insights into non-trivial connections between topics. Elements of Mathematics is ideal for students seeking a deep and engaging mathematical challenge based on elementary tools. Whether enhancing the early undergraduate curriculum for high achievers, or constructing a reflective senior capstone, instructors will find ample material for enquiring mathematics majors. No formal prerequisites are assumed beyond high school algebra, making the book ideal for mathematics circles and competition preparation. Readers who are more advanced in their mathematical studies will appreciate the interleaving of ideas and illuminating historical details.
Download or read book Multiplicative Ideal Theory and Factorization Theory written by Scott Chapman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of both expository and research articles solicited from speakers at the conference entitled "Arithmetic and Ideal Theory of Rings and Semigroups," held September 22–26, 2014 at the University of Graz, Graz, Austria. It reflects recent trends in multiplicative ideal theory and factorization theory, and brings together for the first time in one volume both commutative and non-commutative perspectives on these areas, which have their roots in number theory, commutative algebra, and algebraic geometry. Topics discussed include topological aspects in ring theory, Prüfer domains of integer-valued polynomials and their monadic submonoids, and semigroup algebras. It will be of interest to practitioners of mathematics and computer science, and researchers in multiplicative ideal theory, factorization theory, number theory, and algebraic geometry.
Download or read book Computational Number Theory and Modern Cryptography written by Song Y. Yan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only book to provide a unified view of the interplay between computational number theory and cryptography Computational number theory and modern cryptography are two of the most important and fundamental research fields in information security. In this book, Song Y. Yang combines knowledge of these two critical fields, providing a unified view of the relationships between computational number theory and cryptography. The author takes an innovative approach, presenting mathematical ideas first, thereupon treating cryptography as an immediate application of the mathematical concepts. The book also presents topics from number theory, which are relevant for applications in public-key cryptography, as well as modern topics, such as coding and lattice based cryptography for post-quantum cryptography. The author further covers the current research and applications for common cryptographic algorithms, describing the mathematical problems behind these applications in a manner accessible to computer scientists and engineers. Makes mathematical problems accessible to computer scientists and engineers by showing their immediate application Presents topics from number theory relevant for public-key cryptography applications Covers modern topics such as coding and lattice based cryptography for post-quantum cryptography Starts with the basics, then goes into applications and areas of active research Geared at a global audience; classroom tested in North America, Europe, and Asia Incudes exercises in every chapter Instructor resources available on the book’s Companion Website Computational Number Theory and Modern Cryptography is ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate students in computer science, communications engineering, cryptography and mathematics. Computer scientists, practicing cryptographers, and other professionals involved in various security schemes will also find this book to be a helpful reference.
Download or read book Factorization Calculus and Geometric Probability written by R. V. Ambartzumian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-09-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classical subjects of geometric probability and integral geometry, and the more modern one of stochastic geometry, are developed here in a novel way to provide a framework in which they can be studied. The author focuses on factorization properties of measures and probabilities implied by the assumption of their invariance with respect to a group, in order to investigate nontrivial factors. The study of these properties is the central theme of the book. Basic facts about integral geometry and random point process theory are developed in a simple geometric way, so that the whole approach is suitable for a nonspecialist audience. Even in the later chapters, where the factorization principles are applied to geometrical processes, the only prerequisites are standard courses on probability and analysis. The main ideas presented have application to such areas as stereology and geometrical statistics and this book will be a useful reference book for university students studying probability theory and stochastic geometry, and research mathematicians interested in this area.
Download or read book Factorization in Integral Domains written by Daniel Anderson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contents in this work are taken from both the University of Iowa's Conference on Factorization in Integral Domains, and the 909th Meeting of the American Mathematical Society's Special Session in Commutative Ring Theory held in Iowa City. The text gathers current work on factorization in integral domains and monoids, and the theory of divisibility, emphasizing possible different lengths of factorization into irreducible elements.
