Download or read book Factor Reallocation and Growth in Developing Countries written by Ms.Helene Poirson Ward and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2000-06-01 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the extent to which developing countries benefit from intersectoral factor transfers by specifying the impact and determinants of sectoral changes and of the degree of dualism (or allocation inefficiency) in a dual economy model. Conditions under which factor reallocation is growth-enhancing are derived. An empirical error-correction equation is estimated for 30 developing countries during 1965-80. Results suggest that labor reallocation effects are especially important in countries with high rates of investment (and thus high rates of labor transfer) and/or at low levels of development (and thus high degrees of dualism).
Download or read book Factor Reallocation and Growth in Developing Countries written by Hélène Poirson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factor Reallocation and Growth in Developing Coutries written by Hélène Poirson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the extent to which developing countries benefit from intersectoral factor transfers by specifying the impact and determinants of sectoral changes and of the degree of dualism (or allocation inefficiency) in a dual economy model. Conditions under which factor reallocation is growth-enhancing are derived. An empirical error-correction equation is estimated for 30 developing countries during 1965-80. Results suggest that labor reallocation effects are especially important in countries with high rates of investment (and thus high rates of labor transfer) and/or at low levels of development (and thus high degrees of dualism).
Download or read book Global Productivity written by Alistair Dieppe and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Download or read book Developed Countries New Economic Development written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological change has bring the middle class productivity gains into higher wages for majority of workers and the labor share of total income continues dropping, career paths have become more volatile and working conditions more raises need for many workers, but the different countries worker discrimination increases, when one office has different countries workers need to work together .Nowadays, the current technological changes of humans and machines, but rather an opportunity for work to truly become a channel though which human recognize full potential. As US is a high technological developed country. I assume many US employers will choose to act to be the first high technological and invention manufacturing leader to encourage which labors need to learn high technological production methods to prepare manufacture any new technological products to sell in the future US domestic or foreign both markets. Thus, it is possible that future high technological manufacturing labor numbers will be shared large go e.g. 50 to 60% future total US labor market.How can future US labor market affect job creation and productivity growth? US future economic growth requires factor reallocation across US firms and continuous replacement of technologies. US labor market influences US economy dynamism by their impact on the supply of a key factor, skilled workers to US new and expanding firms, US growth -favoring labor market includes portable pension plans and health insurance united to the current US employers, individualized wage-setting and US public income insurance systems that encourage mobility and risk taking. US future economic growth arises as production shifts from less to more successful firms though the reallocation of factors of production . US labor market can advance restructuring. Overly regulations tend to create a system in which a large share of economic activity occurs in US small firms without the ability to grow. US labor market should be organized to promote potential high growth US firms, especially through decentralized and individualized wage setting, portable jobs.In the future, US will have many key importance of high growth firms. US capitalism entails a process of creative destination. New ideas continuously challenges act structures, giving rise to structural transformation as successful innovations and new products firms and industries will arise and obsolete ones will decline in US society. Martin, J. P. (2012) studies pointed to high-growth forms ( sometimes known as gazelles) as the main drivers of this process. In the US, an estimated 1% of firms creation 40% of all new jobs and 5% create almost 70% of new jobs. A review of the studies of US firms growth reveals some common findings . US high-growth firms are crucial to net job growth, generating a large share of all net jobs . This is particularly pronounced in recessions, when US high-growth firms continue to grow when other US firms deadline. US small firms are over-represented among high-growth firms, but these US firms come in all sizes . A small subgroup of large high growth firms are major job creators. Such as US high -growth firms are younger on average, US young and small high high-growth firms grows, not through mergers and acquisition and make a larger contribution to net employment growth than do US larger and older higher growth firms, high growth firms are present in all industries. Through they are slightly overrepresented in service industries in US.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Economic Growth written by John Stanton Flemming and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viewpoint written by Gilles Duranton and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the evidence about the effects of urbanization and cities on productivity and economic growth in developing countries using a consistent theoretical framework. As in developed economies, there is strong evidence that cities in developing countries bolster productive efficiency. Regarding whether cities promote self-sustained growth, the evidence is suggestive but ultimately inconclusive. These findings imply that the traditional agenda of aiming to raise within-city efficiency should be continued. Furthermore, reducing the obstacles to the reallocation of factors across cities is also desirable.
Download or read book Determinants of Economic Growth written by Robert J. Barro and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes recent research from hundreds of empirical studies on economic growth across countries that have highlighted the correlation between growth and a variety of variables.
Download or read book Moving for Prosperity written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Download or read book The Growth Report written by Commission on Growth and Development and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-07-23 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The result of two years work by 19 experienced policymakers and two Nobel prize-winning economists, 'The Growth Report' is the most complete analysis to date of the ingredients which, if used in the right country-specific recipe, can deliver growth and help lift populations out of poverty.
Download or read book Subsistence Agriculture and Labour Reallocation in Developing Countries written by Obed Owusu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines the economic determinants of labour reallocation in Sub-Saharan African (SSA). I first document the historical trends in labour reallocation in 11 countries in SSA and use a general equilibrium model to quantitatively assess the extent to which standard theories can account for labour reallocation in SSA. The analysis shows that structural change has been slow in SSA and this was due to a combination of low productivity level in agriculture and slow productivity growth in non-agriculture. Moreover, standard theories can explain 50% of the decline in the share of employment in agriculture in only 40% of the sampled countries. Next, I study farm-level productivity in five countries in SSA. Using an empirical production function approach, I test if there are total factor productivity (TFP) differences across the subsistence and commercial-farm types and quantitatively assess the implications of farm commercialization for labour reallocation. The analysis shows no substantial differences in TFP across farm types. In the most ``optimistic'' case of Ghana, TFP is about 15% higher in commercial farms than subsistence farms. A counter-factual analysis of a 15% increase in agricultural productivity could lead to at most a ten percentage points reduction in the share of employment in agriculture in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Tanzania. Finally, I examine farm-level factors that stimulate agricultural commercialization in SSA. In particular, I estimate the likelihood of being a commercial versus a subsistence farmer and the likelihood of transitioning from one farm type to another based on observable characteristics. The analysis shows that although a substantial proportion of farms has no market participation in a given year, there are rich transition dynamics over time. The results from the probit regression show that resource endowments (land, labour, chemical use) and farm characteristics such as multiple-cropping, irrigation, crop type (fruits, vegetables, cash crops), and farm machinery use are positively correlated with market participation and the transitioning of subsistence farms into the market economy.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development written by John Weiss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Industry and Development is a global overview of industrialisation. Each chapter will provide readers with contemporary insights into this this essential aspect of economic development. Industrialisation has been at the forefront of discussion on economic development since the earliest days of development economics. But over the last fifty years, the manufacturing sectors of different countries and regions have grown at strikingly different rates. In 1960 developing countries took a very small share of global manufacturing production. Today the position had changed radically with fast growth of manufacturing in many parts of what was originally the developing world, particularly in China and the rest of East Asia. On the other hand, countries in Africa and parts of Latin America have been largely left behind by this process of industrialisation. This volume aims to illuminate this uneven development and takes stock of the current issues that hinder and support industrialisation in low and middle income economies. This Handbook is a collection of chapters on different aspects of industrialisation experience in a range of countries. Key themes include, the role of manufacturing in growth, the nature of structural change at different stages of development, the role of manufacturing in employment creation, alternative options for trade and industrial policy, the key role of technology and technical change, and the impact of globalisation and the spread of global value chains and foreign direct investment on prospects for industrialisation. Several chapters discuss individual country experiences with examples from India, Mexico, South Africa and Tanzania, as well as an overview of African industrialisation. This authoritative Handbook will be a key reference source for those studying or wishing to understand contemporary economic development. Offering inspiration and direction for future research, this landmark volume will be of crucial importance to all development economics scholars and researchers.
Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.
Download or read book The Informal Sector written by Arjan M. Lejour and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Progress and Policy in Developing Countries written by Angus Maddison and published by London : Allen & Unwin. This book was released on 1970 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The World Bank Research Observer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth and Structural Transformation written by Kwang Suk Kim and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a comprehensive overview of Korea’s macroeconomic growth and structural change since World War II, and traces some of the roots of development to the colonial period. The authors explore in detail colonial development, changing national income patterns, relative price shifts, sources of aggregate growth, and sources of sectoral structural change, comparing them with other countries.
