Download or read book Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s written by Mehmet Tatli and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, with a pendant aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of 3-iodo-3',5'-difluoro-diphenylsulfone (2) with Bisphenol-A. Monomer 2 was prepared by the reaction of 3, 5-difluorodiphenylsulfone with N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Model reactions indicated that the iodo group was stable to NAS conditions. Both GC/MS analysis and NMR spectroscopy indicated quantitative displacement of the two fluorine atoms while the iodo group remained untouched. Furthermore, the modification of the iodo polymer was achieved via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with phenyl, naphthyl, and phenylacetyl boronic acids. The thermal properties of the polymers were evaluated via DSC and TGA. The iodo polymer possessed a glass transition temperature, Tg, of 144 °C while the corresponding phenyl derivative displayed a slight decrease in Tg to 131 °C. The much bulkier naphthyl derivative provided a higher Tg of 150 °C. The more polar acetyl derivative showed a much higher Tg of 165 °C. All the polymers exhibited high Td-5% values between 400 °C and 500 °C. Moreover, conversion of the iodo moiety to an azide group was achieved by using sodium azide in a straightforward manner with the structure being confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopies. In addition, the iodo group was replaced with a phenyl group, at the monomer stage, in order to prove that the system not only could be functionalized via "post" but also "pre" modification processes.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s Using ClickChemistry written by Kavitha Neithikunta and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with pendent aryl iodide group was successfully synthesized via Nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation of 1-(3,5-difluorophenyl sulfonyl)-4-iodobenzene using 4,4{u2019}-difluorodiphenylsulfone (DFDPS) and Bisphenol A in the ratio 25:75:100. Iodo monomer was prepared by reacting 3,5-difluorodiphenyl sulfone with N-iodo succinimide (NIS). Using GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy, the quantitative analysis was done to this monomer. Modification was done to iodo copolymer using sodium azide and copper sulfate as catalyst to form azide copolymer. Further modification of the azide copolymer to triazole copolymers via Click Chemistry using different alkynes such as 1-octyne, phenyl acetylene, propargyl alcohol and acetylenedicarboxylic acid. Polymers characterization was done using 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy and SEC. The highest molecular weight (Mw) was found to be 19,033 Da with a PDI 3.0 for iodo copolymer and the least was found to be 6,888 with a PDI 2.5 for acetylenedicarboxylic acid derivative copolymer. Thermal analysis of polymers was done using TGA and DSC. The Td5% values were ranging from 260{u00BA} to 476{u00BA}. The highest Tg was 191{u00BA} for phenyl derivative copolymer and the least was 174{u00BA} for alkyl derivative copolymer. TGA was not ran on azide copolymer as it may contain explosive copper azide traces. IR spectroscopy was used to confirm the structures of azide copolymer, propargyl alcohol derivative and acetylenedicarboxylic acid derivative copolymers.

Download or read book Routes to N heterocycle Functionalized Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s written by Jesse L. Picker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, with a pendant aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of 3-iodo-3’,5’-difluoro-diphenylsulfone. The polymer series was subjected to amino acid promoted, copper catalyzed coupling reactions with various N-heterocycles. The resulting polymers became crosslinked and insoluble in any organic solvents. The iodo monomer was then subjected to an amino acid promoted, copper catalyzed coupling reaction with carbazole. The successful synthesis of 3’-(9-carbazole) 3,5-difluorodiphenylsulfone is reported. A series of PAES containing a carbazole substituent were synthesized and characterized. The polymers were characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, SEC, TGA, DSC, UV-Vis spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm that the carbazole monomer was successfully polymerized. SEC was used to find polymer molecular weights and dispersity. Several polymers in the series showed high thermal stability, and formed tough flexible films when solution cast from N-methyl pyrrolidinone.

Download or read book Electrochemical Water Electrolysis written by Lei Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively describes the fundamentals of electrochemical water electrolysis as well as the latest materials and technological developments. It addresses a variety of topics such as electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms, as well as challenges and strategies. It also includes an understanding of how materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis have developed in recent years, and it describes the progress in improving performance and providing benefits to energy systems and applications. Features the most recent advances in electrochemical water electrolysis to produce hydrogen Discusses cutting-edge materials and technologies for electrochemical water electrolysis Includes both experimental and theoretical approaches that can be used to guide and promote materials as well as technological development for electrochemical water electrolysis Comprises work from international leading scientists active in electrochemical energy and environmental research and development Provides invaluable information that will benefit readers from both academia and industry With contributions from researchers at the top of their fields, the book includes in-depth discussions covering the engineering of components and applied devices, making this an essential read for scientists and engineers working in the development of electrochemical energy devices and related disciplines.

Download or read book Electrochemical Energy written by Pei Kang Shen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1051 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies covers the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. The book was created by participants of the International Conference on Electrochemical Materials and Technologies for Clean Sustainable Energy (ICES-2013) held in Guangzhou, China, and incorporates select papers presented at the conference. More than 300 attendees from across the globe participated in ICES-2013 and gave presentations in six major themes: Fuel cells and hydrogen energy Lithium batteries and advanced secondary batteries Green energy for a clean environment Photo-Electrocatalysis Supercapacitors Electrochemical clean energy applications and markets Comprised of eight sections, this book includes 25 chapters featuring highlights from the conference and covering every facet of synthesis, characterization, and performance evaluation of the advanced materials for electrochemical energy. It thoroughly describes electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies such as batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen generation, and their associated materials. The book contains a number of topics that include electrochemical processes, materials, components, assembly and manufacturing, and degradation mechanisms. It also addresses challenges related to cost and performance, provides varying perspectives, and emphasizes existing and emerging solutions. The result of a conference encouraging enhanced research collaboration among members of the electrochemical energy community, Electrochemical Energy: Advanced Materials and Technologies is dedicated to the development of advanced materials and technologies for electrochemical energy conversion and storage and details the technologies, current achievements, and future directions in the field.

Download or read book Functional Membranes for High Efficiency Molecule and Ion Transport written by Jingtao Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-23 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of functional membranes for efficient ion/molecule transfer and separation. It first presents the design, fabrication, structure, and performance of several kinds of membranes. Then, the application of membrane technology in organic solvent nanofiltration, hydrogen fuel cells, and solid-state lithium batteries is introduced. Furthermore, the book proposes strategies of strengthening the ion/molecular-level separation and transfer process in membrane processes. It also analyzes the development status, existing problems, and optimization methods in the field of membranes and membrane processes. Finally, it highlights the construction strategy of membrane structures, the structure–performance relationships as well as the transfer and separation mechanisms. The target group of this book is academics and researchers in materials science, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and other related fields.

Download or read book Functionalized Sulfone and Sulfonamide Based Poly arylene Ether s written by Marina Andrejevic and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s, PAE, bearing sulfonated pendent sulfonyl groups, was prepared. A range of Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) values were achieved by varying the ratios of sulfonated and non sulfonated monomers. Incorporation of both of the monomers was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and characterization of the thermal properties was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning (DSC). Polymers with these IEC values were synthesized in order to explore their use as a potential alternatives to the widely studied proton exchange membrane, Nafion, with an IEC of 0.91 meq/g. Using N-phenyl-3,5-difluorobenzene sulfonamide as the starting material a series of N-alkyl derivatives, with chain lengths of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, was prepared and characterized followed by conversion to the corresponding PAE. The polymer structure was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weight data were obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and thermal data were acquired using TGA and DSC. The effect of alkyl chain length on the thermal stability and glass transition temperatures, Tg, values was determined. Increasing the alkyl chain length led to a decrease in the Tg values, which ranged from 111 down to 46 oC.

Download or read book Introducing Functionality to Poly arylene Ether s Via Modification of Diphenyl Sulfone Type Monomers written by Zahida Humayun and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The synthesis of poly(arylene ether)s, with a pendent aryl iodide, was achieved via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polycondensation of DI-DFDPS monomer. The platform diiodo-difluorodiphenyl sulfone monomer, DFDPS-DI (3), was prepared in one-step, via EAS chemistry. Structural characterization was provided by NMR spectroscopy, GC/MS, and elemental analysis. As "pre" approach didn't work here, so "post" approach was used to synthesize N-heterocycle functionalized copolymers. The DI-copolymers were subjected to copper-catalyzed C-N coupling reaction with carbazole, phenoxazine, and indole and the syntheses of chromophore based copolymer were successfully carried out. A series of PAEs containing carbazole, phenoxazine, and indole substituents were synthesized and characterized. The copolymers were characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectroscopy. DI-copolymers displayed had sufficient molecular weight (Mn) and thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperature (Tg) above 388 0C and glass transition temperature, Tg, value above 193 0C. Optical analyses provided that all modified copolymer materials emitted in the light blue region.

Download or read book Poly Arylene Ether Sulfones written by Marietta N. Aniano-Ilao and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Hyperbranched Poly arylene Ether Sulfone s Via AB2 and ABB Monomer Routes written by Patrick Himmelberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ion and Molecule Transport in Membrane Systems written by Victor Nikonenko and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes play an enormous role in our life. Biological cell membranes control the fluxes of substances in and out of cells. Artificial membranes are widely used in numerous applications including “green” separation processes in chemistry, agroindustry, biology, medicine; they are used as well in energy generation from renewable sources. They largely mimic the structure and functions of biological membranes. The similarity in the structure leads to the similarity in the properties and the approaches to study the laws governing the behavior of both biological and artificial membranes. In this book, some physico-chemical and chemico-physical aspects of the structure and behavior of biological and artificial membranes are investigated.

Download or read book Alkalies Advances in Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkalies: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Alkalies. The editors have built Alkalies: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Alkalies in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Alkalies: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Advanced Materials for Membrane Fabrication and Modification written by Stephen Gray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membranes are an energy efficient separation technology that are now the basis for many water treatment and food processing applications. However, there is the potential to improve the operating performance of these separations and to extend the application of membranes to energy production, gas separations, organic solvent-based separations, and biomedical applications through novel membrane materials. This book contains 20 chapters written by leading academic researchers on membrane fabrication and modification techniques and provides a comprehensive overview on the recent developments of membrane technology. Membranes can be manufactured from a range of materials including polymeric compounds, and ceramic materials, and both these materials are considered in the book. There are 5 chapters on water and wastewater membranes that cover the fabrication of thin film (TFC) composite membranes for nanofiltration(NF)/reverse osmosis (RO)/forward osmosis (FO) applications, stimuli responsive membranes, electrospun membranes, porous ceramic membranes, and polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) manufacture and modification. There are another 6 chapters on gas separation that consider carbon membranes, zeolite membranes, silica template and metal oxide silica membranes, TFC membranes, silica membranes, and metal organic framework (MOF) membranes. Zeolite membranes are also considered for organic solvent applications, as are solvent-resistant membranes manufactured by phase inversion, ceramic-supported composite membranes, and ceramic NF membranes. The emerging areas of membranes for energy and biomedical applications have 3 and 2 chapters, respectively. Energy applications consider ion exchange membranes for use in fuel cells, membranes for electrodialysis, and membranes for use in microbial fuel cells. For biomedical applications the chapters focus on hemodialysis membranes and redox responsive membranes.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies written by Mejdi Jeguirim and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Renewable Energy Technologies is a comprehensive reference covering critical research, laboratory and industry developments on renewable energy technological, production, conversion, storage, and management, including solar energy systems (thermal and photovoltaic), wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy, bioenergy and hydrogen production, and large-scale development of renewable energy technologies and their impact on the global economy and power capacity. Technological advancements include resources assessment and deployment, materials performance improvement, system optimization and sizing, instrumentation and control, modeling and simulation, regulations, and policies. Each modular chapter examines recent advances in specific renewable energy systems, providing theoretical and applied aspects of system optimization, control and management and supports them with global case studies demonstrating practical applications and economical and environmental aspects through life cycle analysis. The book is of interest to engineering graduates, researchers, professors and industry professionals involved in the renewable energy sector and advanced engineering courses dealing with renewable energy, sources, thermal and electrical energy production and sustainability. Focuses on the progress and research trends in solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower and geothermal energy production and conversion Includes advanced techniques for the distribution, management, optimization, and storage of heat and energy using case studies

Download or read book Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells written by Jince Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells Build the fuel cells of the future with this cutting-edge material Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are cutting-edge polyelectrolyte materials with growing renewable energy applications including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen electrolyzers and electrodialysis technologies. Their use in relatively new alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is designed to produce cost-effective clean energy (electricity) produced by a chemical reaction. Rigorous studies are being conducted to meet the requirements of AAEMs precisely tailored for high anion conductivity and durability for future high energy efficient devices. Hence, over the past few years the academic and industrial scientific communities have explored various polymeric, composite and inorganic materials and studied their properties as a potential AAEM. The accumulated literature in this area of investigation is vast and in order to provide the community with the tools needed to strive forward, there is a clear need to condense this information in a single volume. Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells meets this need with a comprehensive overview of the properties of these membranes and their applications. The book considers recent developments, common challenges, and the long-term prospects for this field of research and engineering. It constitutes a one-stop resource for the development and production of AAEM fuel cells and related electrochemical applications. Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells readers will find: Discussion of electrochemical applications like redox flow batteries, water electrolysis, and many more Detailed treatment of specially tailored cationic groups such as quaternary ammonium and guanidinium Expert advice on efficient fabrication and electrode assembly Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells is ideal for electrochemists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, electrical engineers, and anyone working in power technology or related fields.

Download or read book Ion Exchange Membranes written by Tongwen Xu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Exchange Membranes A comprehensive introduction to the electro-membrane technologies of the future An ion exchange membrane is a polymer-based membrane which can be permeable by some ions in a solution while blocking others, making them ideal for processes such as water desalination, salt concentration control, clean production and—given their electrical conductivity—power generation and energy storage etc. Recent advances have given rise to new electro-membrane processes that promise drastically to expand the applications of this technology. Scientists in both research and industry will increasingly need to draw on these membranes in vital ways with strongly positive potential environmental impact. Ion Exchange Membranes summarizes recent research into these membranes and electro-membrane processes before moving to an overview of the historical background. It then attends in detail to cutting-edge fabrication technologies and the most recent areas of use. The result is a comprehensive introduction to the design, fabrication, and applications of these increasingly essential membranes. Ion Exchange Membranes readers will also find: In-depth treatment of industrial-scale applications Detailed discussion of topics including side-chain engineering, polyacylation, superacid-catalyst polymerization, and more Analysis of electro-membrane processes such as alkaline membrane water electrolysis, solar-driven water splitting, and many more Ion Exchange Membranes is ideal for membrane scientists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists, polymer chemists, and researchers and engineers in a variety of fields working with ion exchange membranes and electro-membrane processes.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Poly arylene Ethers and Functionalized Oligomers written by Michael J. Jurek and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: