Download or read book Fabrication of Precise Optical Components Using Electroforming Process and Precision Molding written by Abolfazl Zolfaghari and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of precise optical components with complex shapes are becoming more popular because of demands for more accurate, smaller size optical components. Although fabrication techniques of the components have advanced in recent years, only molding based methods are typically suitable for mass production. On the other hand, molding based methods are less capable of creating complex optical components. To deal with these limitations, a process based on nickel electroforming is introduced to replicate mold inserts directly from a plastic optical component, which itself can be fabricated by any fabrication methods with high flexibility. Then, using the plated mold insert in precision compression molding, the optical components are replicated. To investigate replication capabilities of the developed method in fabrication of plastic optical components, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microlens array was replicated to a nickel-plated mold first from another plastic microlens array then mass-produced using compression molding process. Properties of both microlens arrays, were investigated for geometrical accuracy, surface quality, and optical performance. The results demonstrated a promising technique to manufacture plastic optical component with high production rates. Fabrication capabilities of the method in production of infrared optics was also evaluated through producing an infrared microlens array from a plastic microlens array. Comparison between the fabricated infrared microlens array and the plastic microlens array in terms of geometry, surface quality, and optical performance has shown that it is a promising technique for replicating infrared microlens arrays. Using the developed method, a new fabrication method of non-planar optical component with large area was also proposed and demonstrated by producing micro feature on a cylindrical surface. The technique was capable to transfer micro-optical features from a planar surface, which is much easier to produce, to non-planar surfaces. To assess possibility of fabricating complex glass optical surfaces using the developed fabrication technique, a nickel mold of diffractive harmonic diffractive lens (HDL) from a plastic HDL was made. Then, the mold and precision compression molding were used to fabricate glass harmonic diffractive lens. Geometrical analysis and optical performance of the plastic and the fabricated HDL showed that the method is capable to be used in fabrication of precision glass optics as well. Precision compression molding is one of the most suitable mass production methods of optical components with micro/nanoscale surface features. This process suffers from long heating and cooling cycles. To deal with the challenge, a novel precision compression molding was proposed. In the proposed process, induction heating of a thin nickel mold insert is used. In the process, the nickel mold insert is replicated from a plastic optical component as described before. To evaluate cooling and heating cycles of the method, a numerical model of the heating system using finite element method (FEM) was created and run in this research. According to simulation results, heating and cooling rates were significantly improved. Geometrical analysis and optical performance evaluation of the replicated microlens array have shown that the proposed fabrication method has a potential to reduce the problems of conventional bulk heating system.
Download or read book Fabrication of Complex Optical Components written by Ekkard Brinksmeier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High quality optical components for consumer products made of glass and plastic are mostly fabricated by replication. This highly developed production technology requires several consecutive, well-matched processing steps called a "process chain" covering all steps from mold design, advanced machining and coating of molds, up to the actual replication and final precision measurement of the quality of the optical components. Current market demands for leading edge optical applications require high precision and cost effective parts in large volumes. For meeting these demands it is necessary to develop high quality process chains and moreover, to crosslink all demands and interdependencies within these process chains. The Transregional Collaborative Research Center "Process chains for the replication of complex optical elements" at Bremen, Aachen and Stillwater worked extensively and thoroughly in this field from 2001 to 2012. This volume will present the latest scientific results for the complete process chain giving a profound insight into present-day high-tech production.
Download or read book Design and Fabrication of Nonconventional Optical Components by Precision Glass Molding written by Peng He and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision glass molding is a net-shaping process to fabricate glass optics by replicating optical features from precision molds to glass at elevated temperature. The advantages of precision glass molding over traditional glass lens fabrication methods make it especially suitable for the production of optical components with complicated geometries, such as aspherical lenses, diffractive hybrid lenses, microlens arrays, etc. Despite of these advantages, a number of problems must be solved before this process can be used in industrial applications. The primary goal of this research is to determine the feasibility and performance of nonconventional optical components formed by precision glass molding. This research aimed to investigate glass molding by combing experiments and finite element method (FEM) based numerical simulations. The first step was to develop an integrated compensation solution for both surface deviation and refractive index drop of glass optics. An FEM simulation based on Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM) model was applied to predict index drop of the molded optical glass. The predicted index value was then used to compensate for the optical design of the lens. Using commercially available general purpose software, ABAQUS, the entire process of glass molding was simulated to calculate the surface deviation from the adjusted lens geometry, which was applied to final mold shape modification. A case study on molding of an aspherical lens was conducted, demonstrating reductions in both geometry and wavefront error by more than 60%.
Download or read book Design Fabrication and Evaluation of Nonconventional Optical Components written by Hui Li and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this dissertation is to seek scientific and fundamental knowledge of nonconventional optical components including its optical design, ultraprecision prototyping, precision molds making, transition into industrial production and efficient evaluation. A nonconventional component in this dissertation is loosely defined as an optical component either that is not symmetric around its optical axis or that is aspherical surface with three or higher order coefficient. Nonconventional optics have broadened the vision of optical designers and enhanced the design flexibility and thus are becoming increasingly important as a core next-generation optical component. These optical components have gradually been implemented to replace conventional spherical and aspherical counterparts in the fields of imaging (Plummer, 1982), illumination (Fournier & Rolland, 2008), aviation (Spano, 2008) , and energy (Zamora, et al., 2009) where freeform optics have demonstrated excellent optical performance and high degree of system integration. However, design, fabrication and metrology of nonconventional optics have not been developed at the same pace. Due to the complex nature of nonconventional optics manufacturing processes, the production efficiency and finished quality of nonconventional optical components are difficult to be improved. To validate optical performance, in this dissertation ultraprecision diamond tooling is applied to prototype the optical design, which is capable of generating precision optical features both on polymer blank and metal mold without post grinding and polishing process. In addition, the prototyping process also paves the way to mold fabrication. To produce low cost high volume high quality nonconventional optical components, precision compression/microinjection molding has been combined with ultraprecision diamond machining and cleanroom manufacturing respectively for different size scale and application. Once the low cost molded nonconventional optical components and assembly are fabricated, their optical performance needs to be characterized to ensure quality in industrial production. The geometric feature and principle optical parameter, such as focal length, are two important aspects that influence the final optical performance considerably. In order to solve the major problems in manufacturing affordable high quality nonconventional optical components, this dissertation will include several key steps: 1) Investigate nonconventional optics design that could be functionally and economically applied in various optical components or systems to further improve their performance; 2) Validate and evaluate nonconventional optics design by ultraprecision prototyping; 3) Develop the precision molds manufacturing process and the corresponding molding process both for miniaturized lens profile and micro scale diffraction structure; 4) Investigate the products quality by crucial optical parameters measurement and surface profiling. Overall, this dissertation describes a comprehensive understanding of low cost high volume nonconventional optics manufacturing.
Download or read book Selected Papers on Optical MEMS written by Victor M. Bright and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1999 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of 81 papers on six major topics within the field of optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).
Download or read book Micro optics Integration and Assemblies written by Michael R. Feldman and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passive Fiber Optic Components and Their Reliability written by Vincent J. Tekippe and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design Fabrication and Applications of Precision Plastic Optics written by Xiaohui Ning and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1995 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manufacturing Processes for Design Professionals written by Rob Thompson and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 2007-11-30 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An encyclopaedic guide to production techniques and materials for product and industrial designers, engineers, and architects. Today's product designers are presented with a myriad of choices when creating their work and preparing it for manufacture. They have to be knowledgeable about a vast repertoire of processes, ranging from what used to be known as traditional "crafts" to the latest technology, to enable their designs to be manufactured effectively and efficiently. Information on the internet about such processes is often unreliable, and search engines do not usefully organize material for designers. This fundamental new resource explores innovative production techniques and materials that are having an impact on the design industry worldwide. Organized into four easily referenced parts—Forming, Cutting, Joining, and Finishing—over seventy manufacturing processes are explained in depth with full technical descriptions; analyses of the typical applications, design opportunities, and considerations each process offers; and information on cost, speed, and environmental impact. The accompanying step-by-step case studies look at a product or component being manufactured at a leading international supplier. A directory of more than fifty materials includes a detailed technical profile, images of typical applications and finishes, and an overview of each material's design characteristics. With some 1,200 color photographs and technical illustrations, specially commissioned for this book, this is the definitive reference for product designers, 3D designers, engineers, and architects who need a convenient, highly accessible, and practical reference.
Download or read book Handbook of Optomechanical Engineering written by Anees Ahmad and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook covers all major aspects of optomechanical engineering - from conceptual design to fabrication and integration of complex optical systems. The practical information within is ideal for optical and optomechanical engineers and scientists involved in the design, development and integration of modern optical systems for commercial, space, and military applications. Charts, tables, figures, and photos augment this already impressive text. Fully revised, the new edition includes 4 new chapters: Plastic optics, Optomechanical tolerancing and error budgets, Analysis and design of flexures, and Optomechanical constraint equations.
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Engineering written by Daniel Malacara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook explains principles, processes, methods, and procedures of optical engineering in a concise and practical way. It emphasizes fundamental approaches and provides useful formulas and step-by-step worked-out examples to demonstrate applications and clarify calculation methods. The book covers refractive, reflective, and diffractive optical components; lens optical devices; modern fringe pattern analysis; optical metrology; Fourier optics and optical image processing; electro-optical and acousto-optical devices; spatial and spectral filters; optical fibers and accessories; optical fabrication; and more. It includes over 2,000 tables, flow charts, graphs, schematics, drawings, photographs, and mathematical expressions.
Download or read book Miniaturized Systems with Micro optics and Micromechanics written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precision Replication of Co Molded Meso and Micro Optics Through Injection Molding written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the research reported here is to extend the limits of current optical production techniques for complex, thermally-stable, precise optical components produced in large volume. The goals of this research address the challenges on two fronts 1) injection molding of polymer lenses, and 2) molding of polymer elements directly onto stable substrates. The first goal was addressed through an increased understanding of the injection molding process in the replication of micro optics. Precision molds were produced with optical features of varying size, shape, step height, and aspect ratio. These features included spherical and Fresnel lenses, a blaze diffraction grating, and a wedding cake. Feature pitch was as small as 10um and step heights as small as 1.25um. To gain increased understanding, a partial factorial screening design of experiment was performed to discover the molding factors (process variables) with the greatest effect on the replication of micro optics. These experiments showed mold temperature and screw rotation speed to have the greatest effects on the accurate replication of meso and micro optics. The second challenge, the thermal instability of polymer lenses, has been addressed through research of the co-molding of these optics directly onto thermally stable substrates. Challenges included the modification of properties at the polymer-substrate interface, the large mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion between the materials, and mold design factors for using substrates in the injection mold. In the experiments, interface adhesion was found to be increased through the use of organofunctional silanes, and co-molding experiments revealed that acrylic lenses had the best adhesion to specially cleaned soda lime glass.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Microfabrication written by Marc J. Madou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MEMS technology and applications have grown at a tremendous pace, while structural dimensions have grown smaller and smaller, reaching down even to the molecular level. With this movement have come new types of applications and rapid advances in the technologies and techniques needed to fabricate the increasingly miniature devices that are literally changing our world. A bestseller in its first edition, Fundamentals of Microfabrication, Second Edition reflects the many developments in methods, materials, and applications that have emerged recently. Renowned author Marc Madou has added exercise sets to each chapter, thus answering the need for a textbook in this field. Fundamentals of Microfabrication, Second Edition offers unique, in-depth coverage of the science of miniaturization, its methods, and materials. From the fundamentals of lithography through bonding and packaging to quantum structures and molecular engineering, it provides the background, tools, and directions you need to confidently choose fabrication methods and materials for a particular miniaturization problem. New in the Second Edition Revised chapters that reflect the many recent advances in the field Updated and enhanced discussions of topics including DNA arrays, microfluidics, micromolding techniques, and nanotechnology In-depth coverage of bio-MEMs, RF-MEMs, high-temperature, and optical MEMs. Many more links to the Web Problem sets in each chapter
Download or read book Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Journal of Applied Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conference Proceedings written by Society of Plastics Engineers. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
