Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Metal Loaded Mixed Metal Oxides Gas Sensors for the Detection of Hazardous Gases written by Chang-Seop Lee and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study concerns gas sensors that may protect individuals by detecting hazardous gases that may be generated in hot spaces (≥50°C) with residues of organic waste. We investigated the responses and selectivities of the sensors to different kinds of hazardous gases such as acetaldehyde, toluene and hydrogen sulfide. We also investigated operating temperatures and catalysts for the sensors. The thick film semiconductor sensors that detected some hazardous gases were prepared using nano-sized sensing material powders (SnO2, WO3, ZnO) that were prepared through sol-gel and precipitation methods. The nano-sized sensing materials were blended with various amounts of metal oxides (SnO2, ZnO, WO3) and coated with transition metals (Pt, Pd, Ru, Au, Ag, Cu and In). The metal oxide thick films were fabricated on an Al2O3 plate with a Ni-Cr heater and a Pt electrode through a screen-printing method. Morphologies, compositions, phases, surface areas and particle sizes of sensor compounds were examined by SEM, EDS, XRD and BET analysis. The investigated response to the various hazardous vapors was expressed as the value of Ra/Rg, where Ra and Rg are the resistance of the sensor material in the air and in hazardous gas, respectively.

Download or read book Electrochemical Sensors Technology written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book Electrochemical Sensors Technology mostly reviews the modem methods and significant electrochemical and electroanalytical applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of sensors and in the field of electro- and biochemistry. Each chapter provides technical and methodological details beyond the level found in typical journal articles or reviews and explores the application of chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical and environmental science, also providing a prospectus for the future. This book compiles with the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including chemical sensors, biological sensors, DNA sensors, immunosensors, gaseous sensors, ionic sensors, bioassay sensors, lab-on-chips, devices, portable sensors, microchips, nanosensors, implantable microsensors, and so on in the field of fundamental and applied electrochemistry. Highlights and importance are laid on real or practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring, from in vitro to in vivo, and from single cell to animal to human measurement. This offers a unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the scientist or researcher in electrochemical sensors in largely chemistry, biological engineering, electronic engineering, and biomedical and physiological fields.

Download or read book Toxic Gas Sensors and Biosensors written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on novel sensor materials and their environmental and healthcare applications, such as NO2 detection, toxic gas and biosensing, hydrazine determination, glucose sensing and the detection of toxins and pollutants on surfaces. Materials covered include catalytic nanomaterials, metal oxides, perovskites, zeolites, spinels, graphene-based gas sensors, CNT/Ni nanocomposites, glucose biosensors, single and multi-layered stacked MXenes, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides and P3OT thin films. Keywords: Toxic Gas Sensors, Biosensors, Nitrogen Dioxide Detection, Hydrazine Determination, Glucose Sensing, Catalytic Nanomaterials, Metal Oxides, Perovskites, Zeolites, Spinels, Graphene-based Gas Sensors, CNT/Ni Nanocomposites, Mxenes, Black Phosphorus, Transition Metal Dichalcogenides, P3OT Thin Films.

Download or read book Gas Sensors written by Sher Bahadar Khan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the applications of nanomaterials in the fabrication of gas sensors. It covers recent developments of different materials used to design gas sensors, such as conducting polymers, semiconductors, as well as layered and nanosized materials. The widespread applications of various gas sensors for the detection of toxic gases are also discussed. The book provides a concise but thorough coverage of nanomaterials applications and utilization in gas sensors. In addition, it overviews recent developments in and the fabrication of gas sensors and their attributes for a broad audience, including beginners, graduate students, and specialists in both academic and industrial sectors.

Download or read book Semiconductor Gas Sensors written by Raivo Jaaniso and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. - Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications - Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory - Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more

Download or read book Gas Sensors written by Ankur Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-11-28 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the whole range of gas sensing aspects starting from basics, synthesis, processing, characterization, and application developments. All sub-topics within the domain of gas sensors such as active materials, novel nanomaterials, working mechanisms, fabrication techniques, computational approach, and development of microsensors, and latest advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) in gas sensors, and nanogenerators, are explained as well. Related manufacturing sections and proposed direction of future research are also reviewed. Features: Covers detailed state-of-the-art specific chemiresistive sensing materials. Presents novel nanomaterial platforms and concepts for resistive gas sensing. Reviews pertinent aspects of smart sensors and IoT sensing. Explains nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas sensing technology. Explores implication of latest advancements such as IoT in gas sensors, and nanogenerators. This book is aimed at academic researchers and professionals in sensors and actuators, nanotechnology, and materials science.

Download or read book A Comparative Study on P type Nickel Oxide and N type Zinc Oxide for Gas Sensor Applications written by Bharat Raj Pant and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of effective gas sensors for the detection of hazardous gases is important because of elevated concentrations of hazardous gases in the ambient. Gas sensors can be fabricated using different electronic materials such as metal oxides, carbon nanotubes, organic compounds, and ceramic compounds. Among them, metal oxides are considered as the potential materials for gas sensor application because of their high stability, high sensitivity, and ability to detect a wide range of target gases. There are some limitations associated with metal-oxide gas sensors such as low response, low conductivity, high operating temperature, and slow recovery speed. However, these limitations can be eliminated by the modification of metal oxides with impurity doping, mixing with other metal oxides, surface modification with catalytic metals. In this study, possible improvement of gas sensors by doping of impurities and addition of graphene to enhance carrier transport phenomena was investigated. Graphene was mixed with nickel oxide to produce composite films that can be used in gas sensor filament. The sensing characteristics of graphene added nickel oxide were studied as a function of graphene concentration. The samples were tested for NH3, CH4, and H2 at different operating temperatures. The response time, recovery time, cross-sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability of the test specimens were studied in details. It was found that the response, response time, recovery time, and conductivity of the films were improved after mixing of nickel oxide with graphene. The electrical properties, optical properties, and the crystal structures of the samples were studied with UV spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction measurements. Also, zinc oxide was doped with aluminum and graphene oxide and deposited using the sol-gel method. The samples were tested for some gases and humidity. The ZnO films doped with graphene oxide and aluminum showed a better response to gases and humidity than pure ZnO films. Also, the response of the films coated on the silicon substrates was higher than the films coated on glass substrates for gases and humidity. In addition, the conductivity of the Al-doped ZnO film was higher than pure ZnO film, and the Al-doped ZnO film was able to detect humidity at room temperature. All the sensors exhibited a good selectivity and repeatability with a negligible cross sensitivity. The gas sensing performance of the NiO films was enhanced by the addition of graphene. The response of NiO and ZnO films was significantly increased when coated on the silicon substrates. After doping with Al, ZnO exhibited an improved sensitivity for humidity at room temperature. The results indicated that the gas sensing properties of metal oxides can be tuned by the addition of graphene into metal oxide films.

Download or read book Nanostructured Gas Sensors written by Ankur Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured materials exhibit distinct properties by virtue of their nanoscale morphological variations, which open up endless possibilities to investigate unexplored and interesting applications. This textbook broadly covers the fabrication and characterization of nanostructured films and exploration of their gas-sensing applications. It presents the fundamentals of gas-sensing technology and a comprehensive study on smart gas sensing technology. Readers will find basics, analytical techniques, nanotechnology-enabled experimental findings, and future directions of smart gas-sensing technology at one place. Through the inclusion of up-to-date experimental knowledge of synthesis, processing, and application development, the book is suitable for academics at all levels.

Download or read book Design and Characterization of Mixed Transition Metal Oxide Thin Film Gas Sensors Derived Trhough Sol gel Chemistry written by Lee Wesley Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Metal Oxides written by Nicolae Barsan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Metal Oxides: Basic Understanding, Technology and Applications focuses on two distinct types of gas sensors based on conducting metal oxides. Ion conduction, applied in so-called solid-state electrolytic sensors for one, and electronic conduction used in semiconductivity gas sensors for the other. The well-known ?–probe, a key component to optimize combustion in car engines, is an example of the former type, and the in-cabin car air-quality control SnO2 and WO2 sensor array stands for the semiconductivity type. Chapters cover basic aspects of functioning principles and describe the technologies and challenges of present and future sensors. - Provides reader background and context on sensors, principles, fabrication and applications - Includes chapters on specific technological applications, such as exhaust sensors, environmental sensors, explosive gases alarms and more - Presents a structured presentation that allows for quick reference of vital information

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Metal Oxide Based Sensor for Detection of Formaldehyde Gas written by Mohd Zaki Mohamed Kamarudin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of the study was to explore and understand the selective formaldehyde gas sensing mechanism, formaldehyde structure and its electrical properties, standard fabrication, photolithography and etching technique, nanostructure technology, metal oxide, and sol-gel technologies through literature review. In the second scope, two types of IDE masks, i.e. a chrome mask and a hard mask were designed to determine the ideal IDE pattern for formaldehyde gas. These masks were designed using AutoCAD software, and the chrome mask was printed onto a high resolution transparency. Meanwhile, the hard mask was printed onto a steel plate.

Download or read book Complex and Composite Metal Oxides for Gas VOC and Humidity Sensors Volume 2 written by Bal Chandra Yadav and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-04-01 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.530 pages Provides an overview of the material preparation and synthesis strategies of metal oxide composite and metal oxide hybrid materials for use in gas and humidity sensors Reviews emerging advanced metal oxide materials such as perovskites, spinel ferrites, and quaternary materials for gas and VOC sensors Discusses the potential opportunities and challenges to be circumvented in the use of metal oxide materials to enable new sensor technologies

Download or read book Semiconducting Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing written by Yonghui Deng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-23 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this book focuses on the synthesis, design, and application of semiconducting metal oxides as gas sensing materials, including the gas sensing mechanism, and modification methods for sensing materials, while also providing a comprehensive introduction to semiconductor gas sensing devices. As an essential part of IoT (Internet of things), gas sensors have shown great significance and promising prospects. Therefore, studies on functional mesoporous metal oxides, one of the most important gas sensing materials based on their unique Knudsen diffusion behavior and tailored pore structure, have increasingly attracted attention from various disciplines. The book offers a valuable reference guide to metal oxide gas sensing materials for undergraduate and graduate students alike. It will also benefit all researchers who are involved in synthesis and gas sensing of metal oxides nanomaterials with relevant frontier theories and concepts. Engineers working on research and development of semiconductor gas sensors will also find some new ideas for sensor design.

Download or read book The Stannic Oxide Gas SensorPrinciples and Applications written by Kousuke Ihokura and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stannic Oxide Gas Sensor presents a comprehensive overview of the background science and technology of the subject, including practical information on its applications and the electronic circuits with which it is associated. The book explains the chemistry of the device and covers typical methods of fabrication. Sensitivity and selectivity are addressed, and the problems of drift with ambient temperature, relative humidity, and time are fully discussed. The book also presents examples of industrial, commercial, and domestic applications. It explains the design of appropriate electronic circuits and describes methods for testing and characterizing sensors. Advantages and disadvantages of sensors are assessed as well.

Download or read book Synthesis Fabrication and Surface Modification of Nanocrystalline Nickel Oxide for Electronic Gas Sensors written by Amir Masoud Soleimanpour and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, metal oxide gas sensors have attracted much attention in connection with monitoring of combustible and toxic gases because of their higher sensitivity, fast response and recovery times, low power consumption, and low fabrication cost. Nickel oxide (NiO) is a wide band gap and p-type semiconductor with stable chemical and physical properties. NiO has been recognized as one of the most promising material for optical, electrical and gas sensor application owing to its electronic and catalytic properties. NiO is synthesized using different techniques, such as pulsed laser deposition, RF sputtering, electrochemical deposition and sol-gel. The focus of this research was to synthesize and characterize the gas sensing behavior of nickel oxide metal oxide gas sensors. Thin films of nickel oxide synthesized by a sol-gel method have fine nanostructured grains with a high surface to volume ratio, which is beneficial for gas sensor applications. The effect of thickness, fabricating technique, operating temperature, post laser irradiation and metallization on the gas sensing behavior of nickel oxide have been studied. The microstructure, optical and electrical properties of coated film were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDAX, XPS, UV-Vis spectrometer. The gas sensing properties of NiO based sensors were studied for different explosive and hazardous gases as a function of gas concentration and operating temperature. The dependence of fabrication method, film thickness and operating temperature on the hydrogen gas sensing behavior of NiO thin films was investigated. It was observed that the samples with multi-step annealing possessed smaller grain size, higher porosity and higher gas sensing performance. The sample with lower thickness showed better gas sensing performance in all operating temperatures. Moreover, the operating temperature was an important parameter for nickel oxide thin film, and the maximum gas sensor response was recorded at 175oC for hydrogen gas. The effect of post laser irradiation on the gas sensing property of NiO was investigated using Nd:YVO4 laser with a wavelength of 532 nm in different power levels. After laser irradiation, the microstructure, crystallinity and conductivity of the thin films were changed. Results indicated that the irradiated sample with specific power showed better gas sensing performance for hydrogen. Also, the gas sensor response decreased using laser irradiation on the sample. As a result, laser irradiation is an additional tool for tuning the gas sensing behavior of nickel oxide gas sensor. Later, the nickel oxide film was tested for other reducing gases, such as CH4, NH3, and in a mixed gas environment at different operating temperatures. These measurements were conducted to study the selectivity of nickel oxide gas sensor. It was found that the NiO thin film showed a relatively high response to a low concentration of ammonia gas (25 ppm) at a relatively low operating temperature. Instead, the sample showed a relatively low response to methane gas compared to hydrogen and ammonia in the same concentration level. Besides, the gas response of the device at different operating temperature was studied for reducing gases. The film showed a maximum sensitivity for methane and hydrogen gases at 175oC, and the highest response was recorded at 150oC for ammonia gas. These findings are valuable to design selective gas sensors. Finally, Pt decorated sample was tested for various concentrations of hydrogen gas at different operating temperature. The gas sensing property of the film was improved significantly due to the catalyst effect of Pt particles on the surface of metal oxide. Pt decorated sample increased the hydrogen sensing property of nickel oxide by decreasing the energy needed for splitting H2 or O2 molecules on the surface of metal oxide. This study shows several important parameters for nickel oxide gas sensors and it is expected that these techniques can be used to improve the gas sensing performance of different metal oxide gas sensor devices in the future. Collected data at various operating temperatures and gas mixtures can be used to design more selective gas sensors. More detailed research is necessary to establish a general rule for other metal oxide thin films.

Download or read book Solid State Gas Sensors written by P. T. Moseley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the principles & current technology of the main sensor types used for flammable gas detection, oxygen monitoring in combustion & car-exhaust control. Also includes toxic gas monitoring. A companion volume to Techniques & Mechanisms in Gas Sensing.

Download or read book Electrochemistry of Zirconia Gas Sensors written by Serge Zhuiykov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-27 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to present a detailed analysis of the electrochemistry, development, modeling, optimization, testing, and technology behind modern zirconia-based sensors, Electrochemistry of Zirconia Gas Sensors explores how to tailor these sensors to meet specific industrial needs. The book addresses a range of different stages of development in zi