Download or read book Fabrication and Analysis of Carbon Nanotube Based Emitters written by Vladimir Mancevski and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have advanced the state-of-the-art for nano-fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) based field emission devices, and have conducted experimental and theoretical investigations to better understand the reasons for the high reduced brightness achieved. We have demonstrated that once the CNT emitter failure modes are better understood and resolved, such CNT emitters can easily reach reduced brightness on the order of 109 A m−2 sr−1 V−1 and noise levels of about 1%. These results are about 10% better than the best brightness results from a nanotip emitter archived to date. Our CNT emitters have order of magnitude better reduced brightness than state-of-the-art commercial Schottky emitters. Our analytical models of field emission matched our experimental results well. The CNT emitter was utilized in a modified commercial scanning electron microscope (SEM) and briefly operated to image a sample. We also report a successful emission from a lateral CNT emitter element having a single suspended CNT, where the electron emission is from the CNT sidewall. The lateral CNT emitters have reduced brightness on the order of 108 A m−2 sr−1 V−1, about 10X less than the vertical CNT emitters we fabricated and analyzed. The characteristics of the lateral field emitter were analyzed for manually fabricated and directly grown CNT emitters. There was no significant difference in performance based on the way the CNT emitter was fabricated. We showed that the fabrication technique for making a single CNT emitter element can be scaled to an array of elements, with potential density of 106-107 CNT emitters per cm2. We also report a new localized, site selective technique for editing carbon nanotubes using water vapor and a focused electron beam. We have demonstrated the use of this technique to cut CNTs to length with 10s of nanometers precision and to etch selected areas from CNTs with 10s of nanometers precision. The use of this technique was demonstrated by editing a lateral CNT emitter. We have conducted investigations to demonstrate the effects of higher local water pressure on the CNT etching efficiency. This was achieved by developing a new method of localized gas delivery with a nano-manipulator.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube and Related Field Emitters written by Yahachi Saito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science. These characteristics include extraordinary strength, unique electrical properties, and the fact that they are efficient heat conductors. Field emission is the emission of electrons from the surface of a condensed phase into another phase due to the presence of high electric fields. CNT field emitters are expected to make a breakthrough in the development of field emission display technology and enable miniature X-ray sources that will find a wide variety of applications in electronic devices, industry, and medical and security examinations. This first monograph on the topic covers all aspects in a concise yet comprehensive manner - from the fundamentals to applications. Divided into four sections, the first part discusses the preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes, while part two is devoted to the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes, including the electron emission mechanism, characteristics of CNT electron sources, and dynamic behavior of CNTs during operation. Part three highlights field emission from other nanomaterials, such as carbon nanowalls, diamond, and silicon and zinc oxide nanowires, before concluding with frontier R&D applications of CNT emitters, from vacuum electronic devices such as field emission displays, to electron sources in electron microscopes, X-ray sources, and microwave amplifiers. Edited by a pioneer in the field, each chapter is written by recognized experts in the respective fields.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Fabrication Patent Analysis written by Pao-Long Chang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Jose Mauricio Marulanda and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), discovered in 1991, have been a subject of intensive research for a wide range of applications. In the past decades, although carbon nanotubes have undergone massive research, considering the success of silicon, it has, nonetheless, been difficult to appreciate the potential influence of carbon nanotubes in current technology. The main objective of this book is therefore to give a wide variety of possible applications of carbon nanotubes in many industries related to electron device technology. This should allow the user to better appreciate the potential of these innovating nanometer sized materials. Readers of this book should have a good background on electron devices and semiconductor device physics as this book presents excellent results on possible device applications of carbon nanotubes. This book begins with an analysis on fabrication techniques, followed by a study on current models, and it presents a significant amount of work on different devices and applications available to current technology.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Photonic Applications written by Shinji Yamashita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene make them potentially suitable for a variety of photonic applications. Carbon nanotubes and graphene for photonic applications explores the properties of these exciting materials and their use across a variety of applications.Part one introduces the fundamental optical properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene before exploring how carbon nanotubes and graphene are synthesised. A further chapter focusses on nonlinearity enhancement and novel preparation approaches for carbon nanotube and graphene photonic devices. Chapters in part two discuss carbon nanotubes and graphene for laser applications and highlight optical gain and lasing in carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube and graphene-based fiber lasers, carbon-nanotube-based bulk solid-state lasers, electromagnetic nonlinearities in graphene, and carbon nanotube-based nonlinear photonic devices. Finally, part three focusses on carbon-based optoelectronics and includes chapters on carbon nanotube solar cells, a carbon nanotube-based optical platform for biomolecular detection, hybrid carbon nanotube-liquid crystal nanophotonic devices, and quantum light sources based on individual carbon nanotubes.Carbon nanotubes and graphene for photonic applications is a technical resource for materials scientists, electrical engineers working in the photonics and optoelectronics industry and academics and researchers interested in the field. - Covers the properties and fabrication of carbon nanotubes and graphene for photonic applications - Considers the uses of carbon nanotubes and graphene for laser applications - Explores numerous carbon-based light emitters and detectors
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Electronics written by Ali Javey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete overview of the field of carbon nanotube electronics. It covers materials and physical properties, synthesis and fabrication processes, devices and circuits, modeling, and finally novel applications of nanotube-based electronics. The book introduces fundamental device physics and circuit concepts of 1-D electronics. At the same time it provides specific examples of the state-of-the-art nanotube devices.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Jose Mauricio Marulanda and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), discovered in 1991, have been a subject of intensive research for a wide range of applications. In the past decades, although carbon nanotubes have undergone massive research, considering the success of silicon, it has, nonetheless, been difficult to appreciate the potential influence of carbon nanotubes in current technology. The main objective of this book is therefore to give a wide variety of possible applications of carbon nanotubes in many industries related to electron device technology. This should allow the user to better appreciate the potential of these innovating nanometer sized materials. Readers of this book should have a good background on electron devices and semiconductor device physics as this book presents excellent results on possible device applications of carbon nanotubes. This book begins with an analysis on fabrication techniques, followed by a study on current models, and it presents a significant amount of work on different devices and applications available to current technology.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymers written by Roham Rafiee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymers: From Nanoscale to Macroscale addresses the advances in nanotechnology that have led to the development of a new class of composite materials known as CNT-reinforced polymers. The low density and high aspect ratio, together with their exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, render carbon nanotubes as a good reinforcing agent for composites. In addition, these simulation and modeling techniques play a significant role in characterizing their properties and understanding their mechanical behavior, and are thus discussed and demonstrated in this comprehensive book that presents the state-of-the-art research in the field of modeling, characterization and processing. The book separates the theoretical studies on the mechanical properties of CNTs and their composites into atomistic modeling and continuum mechanics-based approaches, including both analytical and numerical ones, along with multi-scale modeling techniques. Different efforts have been done in this field to address the mechanical behavior of isolated CNTs and their composites by numerous researchers, signaling that this area of study is ongoing. - Explains modeling approaches to carbon nanotubes, together with their application, strengths and limitations - Outlines the properties of different carbon nanotube-based composites, exploring how they are used in the mechanical and structural components - Analyzes the behavior of carbon nanotube-based composites in different conditions
Download or read book Nanostructured Carbon Electron Emitters and Their Applications written by Yahachi Saito and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon forms a variety of allotropes due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals, including the time-honored graphite and diamond as well as new forms such as C60 fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne. The new family of carbon isotopes—fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne—is called “nanostructured carbon” or “nanocarbon.” These isotopes exhibit extreme properties such as ultrahigh mechanical strength, ultrahigh charge–carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, attracting considerable attention for their electronic and mechanical applications as well as for exploring new physics and chemistry in the field of basic materials science. Electron sources are important in a wide range of areas, from basic physics and scientific instruments to medical and industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene behave as excellent electron-field emitters owing to their exceptional properties and offer several benefits compared to traditional cathodes. Field emission (FE) produces very intense electron currents from a small surface area with a narrow energy spread, providing a highly coherent electron beam—a combination that not only provides us with the brightest electron sources but also explores a new field of electron beam–related research. This book presents the enthusiastic research and development of CNT-based FE devices and focuses on the fundamental aspects of FE from nanocarbon materials, including CNTs and graphene, and the latest research findings related to it. It discusses applications of FE to X-ray and UV generation and reviews electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and space thrusters. Finally, it reports on the new forms of carbon produced via FE from CNT.
Download or read book Carbon Based Electronics written by Ashok Srivastava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery of one-dimensional material carbon nanotubes in 1991 by the Japanese physicist Dr. Sumio Iijima has resulted in voluminous research in the field of carbon nanotubes for numerous applications, including possible replacement of silicon used in the fabrication of CMOS chips. One interesting feature of carbon nanotubes is that these can be me
Download or read book Controlled Fabrication of Aligned Carbon Nanotube Architectures for Microelectronics Packaging Applications written by Lingbo Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is devoted to the fabrication of carbon nanotube structures for microelectronics packaging applications with an emphasis on fundamental studies of nanotube growth and assembly, wetting of nanotube structures, and nanotube-based composites. A CVD process is developed that allows controlled growth of a variety of CNT structures, such as CNT films, bundles, and stacks. Use of an Al2O3 support enhances the Fe catalyst activity by increasing the CNT growth rate by nearly two orders of magnitude under the same growth conditions. By introducing a trace amount of weak oxidants into the CVD chamber during CNT growth, aligned CNT ends can be opened and/or functionalized, depending on the selection of oxidants. By varying the growth temperature, CNT growth can be performed in a gas diffusion- or kinetics-controlled regime. To overcome the challenges that impede implementation of CNTs in circuitry, a CNT transfer process was proposed to assemble aligned CNT structures (films, stacks & bundles) at low temperature which ensures compatibility with current microelectronics fabrication sequences and technology. Field emission and electrical testing of the as-assembled CNT devices indicate good electrical contact between CNTs and solder and a very low contact resistance across CNT/solder interfaces. For attachment of CNTs and other applications (e.g. composites), wetting of nanotube structures was studied. Two model surfaces with two-tier scale roughness were fabricated by controlled growth of CNT arrays followed by coating with fluorocarbon layers formed by plasma polymerization to study roughness geometric effects on superhydrophobicity. Due to the hydrophobicity of nanotube structures, electrowetting was investigated to reduce the hydrophobicity of aligned CNTs by controllably reducing the interfacial tension between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and liquids. Electrowetting can greatly reduce the contact angle of liquids on the surfaces of aligned CNT films. However, contact angle saturation still occurs.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Based Photonic Devices Applications in Nonlinear Optics written by Amos Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Nanotube Synthesis Device Fabrication and Circuit Design for Digital Logic Applications written by Albert Lin and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) technology has received a lot of attention in the past few years as a promising extension to silicon-CMOS for future digital logic integrated circuits. While recent research has advanced CNFET technology past many important milestones, robust and scalable solutions must be developed to realize the full potential of CNFETs. Thus, this thesis aims to develop a suite of techniques, spanning from material synthesis to circuit solutions, compatible with very-large-scale integration (VLSI). Specifically, to enable the real-world engineering of carbon nanotube integrated circuits, this thesis presents (1) wafer-scale aligned CNT growth, (2) wafer-scale CNT Transfer, (3) wafer-scale device and circuit fabrication techniques, and (4) ACCNT, a VLSI-compatible circuit design solution to surmounting the problem of metallic CNTs. These techniques culminated in the successful demonstration of CNT transistors, inverters, and NAND logic gates on a wafer scale. Furthermore, this thesis sheds light on important design considerations for the demonstration of a simple CNT "computer" and suggests a few critical directions for future work in the field of carbon nanotube technology. In contributing the above, this thesis hopes to propel carbon nanotube technology forward towards the vision of robust, large-scale integrated circuits using high-density carbon nanotubes.
Download or read book Nanowelded Carbon Nanotubes written by Changxin Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-26 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a novel ultrasonic nanowelding technology of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to metal electrodes and its application for CNT devices. It will be of interest to graduates, scientists and engineers working on CNTs and related topics.
Download or read book Hot Filament Assisted Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Electron Emitters written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hot-filament CVD reactor was used for the deposition of carbon nanotubes on substrates. Hydrocarbon or oxyhydrocarbon mixtures were used as the carbon source. Hot filaments at temperatures exceeding 200 deg C provided a means of dissociating the vapor or gas feedstock, heating the substrate, and allowing gas species to react in the gas phase as well as on the surface of the substrate leading to the deposition of desired carbon coatings. A high vacuum chamber was used to characterize the electron emission properties of these carbon nanotube coatings using a one-millimeter diameter tungsten rod with a hemispherical tip as the anode while the carbon nanotube coatings served as the cathode. The current-voltage characteristics of the carbon nanotube coatings were measured and used for calculating the electric field at which electron emission turned on as well as calculating the field enhancement factor of the carbon nanotubes. Field emission of electrons from carbon nanotubes starting from an electric field of as low as 1-2 volts per micrometer was achieved.
Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by Suzairi Daud and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-12 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights a comprehensive understanding of the fabrication and growth of carbon nanostructures via the arc discharge process. Its content is designed to benefit academicians, students, researchers, scientists, and readers who are interested in gaining knowledge in this area. The book presents findings on the arc discharge process and provide detailed information on the optimal state and energy of carbon ions in arc discharge plasma, observed under different pressures and ambient environments. The contents presented here can be applied to enhance the performance of various applications. This book provides a valuable resource for those looking to gain a deeper understanding of the arc discharge process and the growth of carbon nanostructures, with practical applications in industries such as electronics, semiconductors, and energy storage.
Download or read book Directed Assembly Techniques for Nano manufacturing of Scalable Single Walled Carbon Nanotube Based Devices written by Prashanth Makaram and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are being considered building blocks for next generation electronics due to their unique electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. A number of SWNT based devices including scanning probes, field emitters, field effect transistors, biological and chemical sensors, and memory devices have been demonstrated. Despite successful demonstration of these single devices, the success of SWNT based nanoelectronics is hampered due to the lack of a successful nano-manufacturing method. Precise alignment and placement of SWNTs is necessary for successful integration of SWNTs into nanoelectronics. The work described in this thesis is focused on developing electric field assisted assembly techniques for precise placement and controlled orientation of SWNTs. In a first set of experiments we evaluate the use of micro/nano finger shaped metal electrodes to assemble SWNTs. Even though this assembly technique help in understanding the electrophoretic behavior of SWNTs, problems related with orientation, assembly at nanoscale and electrode degradation demanded evaluating alternative techniques. Nanotemplates that use trenches made in PMMA on a conductive substrate are utilized for the directed, controlled assembly of SWNTs This technique uses a combination of electrophoretic forces and fluidic forces to assemble and align the SWNTs. We were able to assemble SWNTs in trenches that are as small as 80 nm wide and 100,000 nm long over a 2.25 cm2 area in 30-90 seconds. Based on the experimental results and analysis a model is proposed to explain the assembly and alignment mechanism of SWNT s. The technique has been utilized to fabricated interconnects and field effect transistors to demonstrate the feasibility to make devices. Finally we introduce a novel room temperature assembly technique for fabricating a three dimensional single walled carbon nanotube platform. A top down lithographic approach is used to fabricate the platform while a bottom-up dielectrophoresis method is used to assemble the SWNTs in a 3D architecture. This is a scalable, high throughput and room temperature technique making it compatible with current CMOS technology. We demonstrate the ability to precisely control the density of SWNTs. A finite element model is used to simulate and study the behavior the SWNTs during assembly. We also demonstrate that these structures can be utilized directly as 3D interconnects. Finally, we show that the packaging of these devices, using a conformal pin-free parylene layer, provides a complete process flow for making SWNT based 3D nano-devices.
