Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Technical Progress Report No 13 June 22 1990 October 15 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal Reaction Study: The results of the reaction of aqueous cupric chloride with Illinois {number_sign}6 coal are listed on page 21. These results indicate that the oxidative desulfurization of coal with cupric chloride is more complex and less effective than previously reported. Although almost all the pyritic and sulfate sulfur are removed from the coal, the organic sulfur is actually reported to have increased. This may be due to an actual increase in the organic sulfur through a side reaction of the pyrite, or it may be caused by inaccuracy of the ASTM method when large proportions of chloro substituents are present. The amount of chlorine added to the coal (from 0 to 3.18%) is quite large and counterproductive. Most importantly, the amount of non-combustible ash has increased from 15.48 to 51.21%, most likely in the form of copper. This will dramatically decrease both the efficiency of combustion in terms of altering the heat capacity of the coal as well as decrease the amount of energy produced per ton of coal. As a result, it is quite evident that this method of desulfurization needs some modification prior to further exploitation.
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Technical Progress Report No 14 October 16 1990 January 15 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As mentioned in the previous report, an alternate plan of attack was to try to oxidize the sulfur in coal in a nonaqueous solvent, such as DMF. Copper oxidation reactions are known to have much greater reaction rates in apolar solvents such as DMF. In this experiment the reaction solvent was 50 % v/v H20-DMF with 14% CuCl2 dissolved in it. The coal sample used was Illinois {number_sign}6. The reaction temperature used was 95°C and the reaction time was 17 hrs. The remaining coal solid was then sent to Blackrock Test Labs, Morgantown, WV for analysis of sulfur in the extracted coal sample. The original sample of Illinois {number_sign}6 has 4.83% total sulfur content, of which, 2.81% was pyrite, 0.01% was sulfate and 2.01% was organosulfur species with 14.25% ash. The results obtained from Blackrock show that total sulfur content after reaction was 1.75% of which 0.54% was pyrite, 0.20% was sulfate and 1.01% was organic sulfur with an ash content of 25%. This reaction shows considerable promise in that approximately 50% of the organosulfur type compounds were eliminated along with similar proportions of pyrite. The resulting ash content is still too high. The major contribution to the ash content is not destroyed coal but inorganic copper salts. We have yet to determine the specific nature of these salts but for this to be a viable technique these inorganic species must stay in solution rather than precipitating out onto the coal. The required stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction also has not been determined yet. The quantity of copper salt in solution was kept high to force the reaction to completion.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Technical Progress Report No 11 January 1 1990 March 21 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In summary, significant bond cleavage was found only for thiophenol under the supercritical conditions studied. Less than 5% yield was found for the observed reaction products for all the other organosulfur compounds. The hydrogen sulfur bond in thiophenol is clearly the weakest of those studied and therefore it is the easiest to rupture. Also a general trend was observed the solvolysis reaction products such as ethylthiobenzene were the products initially formed at lower temperatures. But with higher temperatures the reaction product were those typically produced from the bimolecular association of free-radicals, such as phenylsulfide for the thiophenol sample. This type of reaction would be expected in pyrolysis reactions. Bimolecular reactions between organosulfur compounds would not be expected when the reaction is occurring at the surface of the solid coal matrix. The probability of the extracted organosulfur radicals having such bimolecular reactions is quite low. However, the reactions that are observed from the interaction of supercritical ethanol and the model coal compounds are not ones that show obvious indications of desulfurization of the compound.
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Technical Progress Report No 16 July 15 1991 October 15 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two processes were studied in the period. The first was a study of oxidative desulfurization processes. Earlier research indicated that the use of copper-promoted oxidation of the organic and inorganic sulfur species in coal showed considerable promise. Initial studies utilizing CuCl2 demonstrated that the desulfurization yields were much lower than previously quoted. However, the experiments suggested that the reactant pathway showed promise and further investigations were conducted varying the solvent and replacing the Cl− anion with the OH− species. Ultimate analyses of these reactions are reported in addition to the experimental conditions used. Reactions using Cu(OH)2, CuCl2, and copper cyclohexane butyrate are investigated. The second process discussed was desulfurization using selective solvation. Supercritical ethanol was used to investigate the extent of organic sulfur removal from coal. (VC).
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Technical Progress Report December 21 1988 March 20 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this quarter the studies on the selective desulfurization of coal were initiated. Specifically most of our efforts this quarter were place in developing selective reaction chemistries within a supercritical carbon dioxide system that would provide significant desulfurization of the organic matrix of coal. The first system of interest is the possible desulfurization of coal by oxidation with solvated cupric ions. The reaction of copper chloride with sulfur moieties in coal was first studied by Lompa-Krzymien. (As mention in the original proposal). In the case of Lompa-Krzymien's work this reaction was claimed to yield desulfurization rates as high as 95% for Prince Coal from Nova Scotia. Later work by Singh et al. confirmed that coal could be desulfurized by copper chloride but the percentage desulfurization was always lower than that described by LompaKrzymien. Now that we have managed to dissolve the oxidant in a supercritical system, we will search for conditions under which the redox reaction is allowed in the supercritical state. In addition, we will be running parallel reactions of the model coal compounds in the pure liquid modifier to provide a reference for the reactivity of the oxidant in liquids. We will also be looking at the possible use of other oxidants in additions to cupric salts.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work described in this report studies the removal of sulfur by oxidative interaction of various cupric salts with coal and also considers the possibility of removing organic sulfur by the selective interaction of supercritical ethanol with the organic coal matrix. Either one of these methods could potentially be used to pretreat coals before burning. The primary purpose of these studies is to ascertain the nature of the chemical reactions occurring, the chemical composition of the resultant products, and information on possible reaction mechanisms. This information should allow prediction of reasonable reaction conditions for the removal of organosulfur compound from coal.
Download or read book Extraction Separation and Analysis of High Sulfur Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As mentioned in the previous report, an alternate plan of attack was to try to oxidize the sulfur in coal in a nonaqueous solvent, such as DMF. Copper oxidation reactions are known to have much greater reaction rates in apolar solvents such as DMF. In this experiment the reaction solvent was 50 % v/v H20-DMF with 14% CuCl2 dissolved in it. The coal sample used was Illinois {number sign}6. The reaction temperature used was 95°C and the reaction time was 17 hrs. The remaining coal solid was then sent to Blackrock Test Labs, Morgantown, WV for analysis of sulfur in the extracted coal sample. The original sample of Illinois {number sign}6 has 4.83% total sulfur content, of which, 2.81% was pyrite, 0.01% was sulfate and 2.01% was organosulfur species with 14.25% ash. The results obtained from Blackrock show that total sulfur content after reaction was 1.75% of which 0.54% was pyrite, 0.20% was sulfate and 1.01% was organic sulfur with an ash content of 25%. This reaction shows considerable promise in that approximately 50% of the organosulfur type compounds were eliminated along with similar proportions of pyrite. The resulting ash content is still too high. The major contribution to the ash content is not destroyed coal but inorganic copper salts. We have yet to determine the specific nature of these salts but for this to be a viable technique these inorganic species must stay in solution rather than precipitating out onto the coal. The required stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction also has not been determined yet. The quantity of copper salt in solution was kept high to force the reaction to completion.
Download or read book Annual Report 1989 90 written by New Brunswick. Department of Transportation and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General activity review of associated branches and agencies to the Department which includes corporate securities registrations, a list of tenders received, and general financial data. Branches and agencies reviewed are responsible for motor vehicle activity, highway construction, traffic engineering, telecommunications and public utilities.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Project for Laboratory Study for Removal of Organic Sulfur from Coal Quarterly Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gravimelt Process was extended to the desulfurization of ordinary mine-cleaned Kentucky No. 11 coal obtained from the Tennessee Valley Authority. Eight process runs were made resulting in reduction of the sulfur content from a starting 2.7 lbs S/106 Btu to a mean of 0.475 lbs S/106 Btu, (0.95 lbs SO2/106 Btu) for an average 82% sulfur reduction. The effect of utilization of molten sodium hydroxide alone vs molten mixed potassium and sodium hydroxide was investigated for this coal; sulfur reduction averaged 84% for the mixed melt and 78% for the use of sodium hydroxide alone. A double extraction with sodium hydroxide resulted in a reduction in total sulfur to 0.3 lbs S/106 Btu which is an 89% reduction. In a series of experiments, the melt was reused three times on fresh samples of coal, always giving the same amount of sulfur reduction. Extraction of the desulfurized Kentucky No. 11 coals with an additional dilute sulfuric acid wash reduced the ash content of the coal from 7.9% to a level of 0.3%, thus providing a solid hydrocarbon fuel similar in both ash and sulfur content to a medium grade fuel oil. Multiple experimentation on high ash Kentucky No. 9 sink coal demonstrated that water washing alone reduces the sum of sodium and potassium retained on the coal the the level of the starting input coal or to a level of approximately 1% total alkali metals. Thus, retention of alkali metals by Gravimelt treated coal will not be a problem.
Download or read book Sulfur Removal from High sulfur Illinois Coal by Low temperature Perchloroethylene PCE Extraction Technical Report December 1 1992 February 28 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project are to independently confirm and possibly to improve the organic sulfur removal from Illinois coals with the PCE process developed by the Midwest Ore Processing Co.(MWOPC), to verify the forms-of-sulfur determination using the ASTM method for evaluation of the PCE process, and to develop a dechlorination procedure to remove excess PCE from the PCE-treated coal. The objectives for year-2 study are to verify the possible effect of PCE treatment on coal-derived FeS2, FeSO4, and Fe2(SO4)3 on ASTM coal analysis, to investigate the behavior of sulfur during oxidation and PCE desulfurization using the isotopically signatured coal sample to investigate the proprietary reagent on the oxidation of the organic sulfur model compounds with and without additives, to evaluate this new oxidation on the organic sulfur removal by PCE desulfurization, and to study other innovative pretreatment processes for the removal of organic sulfur from coal under mild conditions. Oxidation study on the organosulfur model compounds alone was completed in first quarter. The oxidation reactions were repeated on the organosulfur model compounds with the presence of hydrocarbon additives. These additives are known to easily produce hydroperoxides during air oxidation. Analysis of the reaction products is in progress.
Download or read book Development of Analytical Procedures for Coprocessing Quarterly Technical Progress Report April 1 June 30 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of coprocessing products prepared from Maya crude>1000° F resid and Illinois No. 6 coal were produced for the study of the contributions of the reactants to the specific chemical classes and components of the products. Descriptions and results of separations, composition studies, and carbon isotope ratio measurements have been presented in previous reports. The composition of neutral aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the distillates has been determined by high resolution mass spectrometry. A broad range of acyclic and cycloalkyl aliphatic and aromatic compounds were detected. Aromatic classes through tetraaromatic were determined in the higher boiling distillates. Sulfur compounds, particularly dibenzothiophene derivatives, were present in larger amounts in the 2 percent coal products than in the other samples. Residual products of the coprocessing reactions were carried through liquid chromatographic separations to allow further analyses of compositions. Elemental analysis of the various fractions previously reported has been carried out. These results were related to carbon isotope ratios of the fractions by a regression method. A relationship was shown to exist between heteroatom content of the fractions and their isotopic shift. This was particularly obvious for the acid and base samples and may indicate that heteroatom content is as important as relative contributions of residue and coal in determining carbon isotope ratio values of the products.
Download or read book Petroleum Supply Monthly written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-03 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1971-09 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
