Download or read book Extraction of Carboxylic Acids by Amine Extractants written by Janet Ayako Tamada and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extraction of Carboxylic Acids from the Aqueous Phase by Phosphorous and Amine Based Extractants written by Abdul Qader and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work examines the chemistry and interfacial kinetics for reactive solvent extraction processes. A detailed study of the phase equilibria between carboxylic acids (acetic, propionic, lactic, malic and citric acids) and Extnictsants (trioctylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphate and trioctylamine) in various diluents (hexane, decane,decanol) was carried out. A complex model has been formulated which accounts for the number of moles of each species participating in the complex formation. A general conclusion was that more than one complex can exist at equilibrium. (Acid)m(Extractant)n type of complexes where, m, n = 1, 2, 3... & also fractional numbers, are suggested. The stoichiometries of these complexes are influenced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Using the proposed phase equilibria model and applying the least square method, the extraction equilibriurn constants Welt also evaluated. A rotating diffusion cell ( RDC ) was chosen for the study of the rate of acid transfer. It has been prosed that carboxylic acid transfer is rate controlled by a diffusion process. The kinetics of stripping only for acetic and citric acids have been examined. The rate constant for acetic acid was found to be 3.43x10-5 m.s-l at 298 K. For citric acid, the rate constant was determined as a function of temperature as: k = 0.0431. e-368O/T for which the activation energy is 30.6 kJ.mol-l.
Download or read book Reactive Extraction written by Hans-Jörg Bart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet is designed to bridge the gap between handbooks and technical literature and aims at graduate students or experienced readers. Commercial flow sheeting simulation software is increasingly available and is used in the early steps of process design in industry. As to this, more sophisticated and precise models based on activities instead of concentrations should be used. After an introductory chapter there is in Chapter 2 an intensive discussion of reactive phase equilibria of ionic and non-ionic solutes based on chemical potentials. Chapter 3 introduces to multicomponent diffusion and mass transfer. However, the main focus is on the reactive mass transfer on rigid and mobile surfaces where the interfacial reaction, molecular diffusion and adsorption layers are decisive. The respective extraction of zinc with a cation exchanger and of acetic acid with an anion exchanger is discussed as case studies. Since adsorption layers and surfactants have a major impact on liquid-liquid extraction efficiency, the final chapter reviews several tech niques which make use of polymeric species in an extractive process. A short review is also given on extraction apparatus and the hydrodynamics (hydraulic design, droplet populance balances) of columns. Much of the booklet is based on the PhD works of C. Czapla (2000), G. Modes (2000), H. Klocker (1996), T. Kronberger (1995), M. Marters (2000), M. Roos (2000), M. Traving (2000) and B. Wachter (1996) who I wish to thank for their fruitful contributions.
Download or read book Approaches for Regeneration of Amine carboxylic Acid Extracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraction processes based on reversible chemical complexation can be useful for separation of polar organics from dilute solution. Tertiary amines are effective extractants for the recovery of carboxylic acids from aqueous solution. The regeneration of aminecarboxylic acid extracts is an important step which strongly influences the economic viability of the separation process. Several regeneration methods are critically reviewed, and the factors that affect swing regeneration processes, including temperature-swing, diluent composition-swing and pH-swing with a volatile base are discussed. Interest in this area comes from interest in treatment of waste streams, particularly in petrochemical and fermentation manufacture.
Download or read book Recovery of Carboxylic Acids and Related Organic Chemicals from Wastewaters by Solvent Extraction written by Neil Lawrence Ricker and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solvent Extraction written by Vladimir S Kislik and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main challenge in modern solvent extraction separation is that most techniques are mainly empirical, specific and particular for narrow fields of practice and require a large degree of experimentation. This concise and modern book provides a complete overview of both solvent extraction separation techniques and the novel and unified competitive complexation/solvation theory. This novel and unified technique presented in the book provides a key for a preliminary quantitative prediction of suitable extraction systems without experimentation, thus saving researchers time and resources. Analyzes and compares both classical and new competitive models and techniques Offers a novel and unified competitive complexation / solvation theory that permits researchers to standardize some parameters, which decreases the need for experimentation at R&D Presents examples of applications in multiple disciplines such as chemical, biochemical, radiochemical, pharmaceutical and analytical separation Written by an outstanding scientist who is prolific in the field of separation science
Download or read book Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids Or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part I Regeneration of Amine Carboxylic Acid Extracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two novel regenerated solvent extraction processes are examined. The first process has the potential to reduce the energy costs inherent in the recovery of low-volatility carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. The second process has the potential for reducing the energy costs required for separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases (e.g. CO2 and H2S) from industrial sour waters. The recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution can be achieved by extraction with tertiary amines. An approach for regeneration and product recovery from such extracts is to back-extract the carboxylic acid with a water-soluble, volatile tertiary amine, such as trimethylamine. The resulting trimethylammonium carboxylate solution can be concentrated and thermally decomposed, yielding the product acid and the volatile amine for recycle. Experimental work was performed with lactic acid, succinic acid, and fumaric acid. Equilibrium data show near-stoichiometric recovery of the carboxylic acids from an organic solution of Alamine 336 into aqueous solutions of trimethylamine. For fumaric and succinic acids, partial evaporation of the aqueous back extract decomposes the carboxylate and yields the acid product in crystalline form. The decomposition of aqueous solutions of trimethylammonium lactates was not carried out to completion, due to the high water solubility of lactic acid and the tendency of the acid to self-associate. The separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases from sour waters can be achieved by combining steam-stripping of the acid gases with simultaneous removal of ammonia by extraction with a liquid cation exchanger. The use of di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid as the liquid cation exchanger is explored in this work. Batch extraction experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium distribution ratio of ammonia between an aqueous buffer solution and an organic solution of the phosphinic acid (0.2N) in Norpar 12. The concentration-based distribution ratios increase from 0.11 to 0.46 as the aqueous phase pH increases from 7.18 to 8.15. Regeneration of the organic extractant solution was carried out by stripping at elevated temperatures to remove the ammonia, with 99% recovery of the ammonia being obtained at 125 C.
Download or read book Selective Solvent Extraction Using Organophosphorus and Carboxylic Acids written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A process for the extraction of metal values, in particular divalent metal ions such as copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese from aqueous solutions thereof which may be well in the acid range for example of pH 2 to 4. Extraction is effected using known organophosphorus or carboxylic acid extractants but in combination with non-chelating oximes, preferably of aldehydes wherein the alpha-carbon atom is primary or secondary. A synergistic effect between the extractant and oxime enables extraction to take place at a lower pH than heretofore thereby saving in acid and neutralizing agents in many instances particularly in the case of extraction from acidic leach liquors.
Download or read book Solvent Extraction of Wastewaters from Acetic acid Manufacture written by N. Lawrence Ricker and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Contactors Fundamentals Applications and Potentialities written by Enrico Drioli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities, Volume 11 covers new operations that could be efficiently used to improve the performance of a variety of industrial production cycles in applications ranging from biotechnology to agrofood. This book focuses on the basic "principles of work": required membrane materials and properties; major operating parameters; the importance of module configuration and design and; the performance of membrane contactors in specific processes. The authors’ dynamic approach to this subject makes Membrane Contactors: Fundamentals, Applications and Potentialities, Volume 11 the most comprehensive book currently available on all aspects related to the 'membrane contactor world. * Describes new unit operations in process engineering * Covers a wide variety of industrial applications, from biotechnology to agrofood * Applicable to process intensification and sustainable growth strategies
Download or read book Novel Regenerated Solvent Extraction Processes for the Recovery of Carboxylic Acids Or Ammonia from Aqueous Solutions Part II Recovery of Ammonia from Sour Waters written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two novel regenerated solvent extraction processes are examined. The first process has the potential to reduce the energy costs inherent in the recovery of low-volatility carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solutions. The second process has the potential for reducing the energy costs required for separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases (e.g. CO2 and H2S) from industrial sour waters. The recovery of carboxylic acids from dilute aqueous solution can be achieved by extraction with tertiary amines. An approach for regeneration and product recovery from such extracts is to back-extract the carboxylic acid with a water-soluble, volatile tertiary amine, such as trimethylamine. The resulting trimethylammonium carboxylate solution can be concentrated and thermally decomposed, yielding the product acid and the volatile amine for recycle. Experimental work was performed with lactic acid, SUCCiOlC acid, and fumaric acid. Equilibrium data show near-stoichiometric recovery of the carboxylic acids from an organic solution of Alamine 336 into aqueous solutions of trimethylamine. For fumaric and succinic acids, partial evaporation of the aqueous back extract decomposes the carboxylate and yields the acid product in crystalline form. The decomposition of aqueous solutions of trimethylammonium lactates was not carried out to completion, due to the high water solubility of lactic acid and the tendency of the acid to self-associate. The separate recovery of ammonia and acid gases from sour waters can be achieved by combining steam-stripping of the acid gases with simultaneous removal of ammonia by extraction with a liquid cation exchanger. The use of di-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl phosphinic acid as the liquid cation exchanger is explored in this work. Batch extraction experiments were carried out to measure the equilibrium distribution ratio of ammonia between an aqueous buffer solution and an organic solution of the phosphinic acid (0.2N) in Norpar 12. The concentration-based distribution ratios increase from 0.11 to 0.46 as the aqueous phase pH increases from 7.18 to 8.15. Regeneration of the organic extractant solution was carried out by stripping at elevated temperatures to remove the ammonia, with 99% recovery of the ammonia being obtained at 125 C.
Download or read book Solvent Extraction 1990 written by T. Sekine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solvent extraction is employed very widely in both fundamental research and technology because of the remarkable features of this simple but very effective technique for the separation of different materials. The International Solvent Extraction Conference 1990 was a forum for the presentation of papers on up-to-date research in this field. The collection of the papers in these volumes will be invaluable because information on solvent extraction is often scattered in various journals and proceedings which make the following of developments difficult.
Download or read book Carboxylic Acid Production written by Gunnar Lidén and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Carboxylic Acid Production" that was published in Fermentation
Download or read book Solvent Extraction written by G. M. Ritcey and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries written by Shri Ramaswamy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation and purification processes play a critical role in biorefineries and their optimal selection, design and operation to maximise product yields and improve overall process efficiency. Separations and purifications are necessary for upstream processes as well as in maximising and improving product recovery in downstream processes. These processes account for a significant fraction of the total capital and operating costs and also are highly energy intensive. Consequently, a better understanding of separation and purification processes, current and possible alternative and novel advanced methods is essential for achieving the overall techno-economic feasibility and commercial success of sustainable biorefineries. This book presents a comprehensive overview focused specifically on the present state, future challenges and opportunities for separation and purification methods and technologies in biorefineries. Topics covered include: Equilibrium Separations: Distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. Affinity-Based Separations: Adsorption, ion exchange, and simulated moving bed technologies. Membrane Based Separations: Microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane pervaporation, and membrane distillation. Solid-liquid Separations: Conventional filtration and solid-liquid extraction. Hybrid/Integrated Reaction-Separation Systems: Membrane bioreactors, extractive fermentation, reactive distillation and reactive absorption. For each of these processes, the fundamental principles and design aspects are presented, followed by a detailed discussion and specific examples of applications in biorefineries. Each chapter also considers the market needs, industrial challenges, future opportunities, and economic importance of the separation and purification methods. The book concludes with a series of detailed case studies including cellulosic bioethanol production, extraction of algae oil from microalgae, and production of biopolymers. Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries is an essential resource for scientists and engineers, as well as researchers and academics working in the broader conventional and emerging bio-based products industry, including biomaterials, biochemicals, biofuels and bioenergy.
Download or read book Bioprocessing for Value Added Products from Renewable Resources written by Shang-Tian Yang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-11 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioprocessing for Value-Added Products from Renewable Resources provides a timely review of new and unconventional techniques for manufacturing high-value products based on simple biological material. The book discusses the principles underpinning modern industrial biotechnology and describes a unique collection of novel bioprocesses for a sustainable future. This book begins in a very structured way. It first looks at the modern technologies that form the basis for creating a bio-based industry before describing the various organisms that are suitable for bioprocessing - from bacteria to algae - as well as their unique characteristics. This is followed by a discussion of novel, experimental bioprocesses, such as the production of medicinal chemicals, the production of chiral compounds and the design of biofuel cells. The book concludes with examples where biological, renewable resources become an important feedstock for large-scale industrial production. This book is suitable for researchers, practitioners, students, and consultants in the bioprocess and biotechnology fields, and for others who are interested in biotechnology, engineering, industrial microbiology and chemical engineering. ·Reviews the principles underpinning modern industrial biotechnology ·Provides a unique collection of novel bioprocesses for a sustainable future ·Gives examples of economical use of renewable resources as feedstocks ·Suitable for both non-experts and experts in the bioproduct industry
Download or read book Downstream Processing in Biotechnology written by Venko N. Beschkov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-06-21 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current book gives an excellent insight into downstream processing technology and explains how to establish a successful strategy for an efficient recovery, isolation and purification of biosynthetic products. In addition to the overview of purification steps and unit operations, the authors provide practical information on capital and operating costs related to downstream processing.
