Download or read book Before Eminent Domain written by Susan Reynolds and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this concise history of expropriation of land for the common good in Europe and North America from medieval times to 1800, Susan Reynolds contextualizes the history of an important legal doctrine regarding the relationship between government and the in

Download or read book Regulatory Freedom and Indirect Expropriation in Investment Arbitration written by Aniruddha Rajput and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many investment arbitration cases involve a challenge to a regulatory measure of a host state on the basis of indirect expropriation. The practice of arbitral tribunals is diverse and unsettled. In recent years States have been trying to clarify the relationship between regulatory freedom (also known as 'police powers') and indirect expropriation by revising provisions on indirect expropriation in their investment treaties. This book provides the first focused analysis of indirect expropriation and regulatory freedom, drawing on a broad range of the jurisprudence of investment tribunals. The nature of regulatory freedom in international law has been explained on the bases of jurisprudence of international courts and tribunals such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), dispute resolution bodies of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), European Court of Human Rights. While showing how cases involving standoff between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation can be resolved in practice, the book goes on to present a conceptual framework for interpreting the nuances of this relationship. The book provides a detailed responses to the following complex questions: • To what extent do states retain regulatory freedom after entering into investment treaties? • What is the scope of regulatory freedom in general public international law? • What are the elements of regulatory freedom and standard of review? • How to draw a dividing line between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation? • Whether the sole effects doctrine or the police powers is the appropriate method for distinguishing between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation? While addressing these questions, the author analyses different theoretical approaches that reflect upon the relationship between regulatory freedom and indirect expropriation and how far they assist in understanding these potentially overlapping concepts; their relationship with each other; and the method for distinguishing between them. Given the dense network of around three thousand bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that impose an obligation to protect foreign investments in a State, this book will help practitioners identify, through analysis of cases from diverse fields, how a situation may be categorized either as regulatory freedom or as indirect expropriation. The analysis will also be of value to government officials and lawyers involved in negotiating and re-negotiating investment treaties, and to arbitrators who have to decide these issues. Scholars will welcome the book's keen insight into the contentious relationship between a customary international law norm and a treaty norm.

Download or read book International Protection of Investments written by August Reinisch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 1633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the protection standards typically contained in international investment agreements as they are actually applied and interpreted by investment tribunals. It thus provides a basis for analysis, criticism, and stocktaking of the existing system of investment arbitration. It covers all main protection standards, such as expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, full protection and security, the non-discrimination standards of national treatment and MFN, the prohibition of unreasonable and discriminatory measures, umbrella clauses and transfer guarantees. These standards are covered in separate chapters providing an overview of textual variations, explaining the origin of the standards and analysing the main conceptual issues as developed by investment tribunals. Relevant cases with quotations that illustrate how tribunals have relied upon the standards are presented in depth. An extensive bibliography guides the reader to more specific aspects of each investment standard permitting the book's use as a commentary of the main investment protection standards.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Issues in Expropriation written by Taylor & Francis Group and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Issues in Expropriation reviews the contemporary major issues involving expropriation (eminent domain/compulsory purchase) in an international context. Expropriation is a right reserved to all governments, and, thus, it has an impact on all societies. This book, the first of its kind, considers the essential issues from the point of view of both developing and developed countries, and their needs for major infrastructure projects. The content covers major issues, principles and policies and includes the experiences of and examples from different countries and regions, including Australia, Asia, China, Europe, India and the USA. Rather than providing an in-depth examination of individual countries' legal systems, the book focuses on international issues, and also provides a reflection on how national experiences can be related to global needs. Key themes include: Nature and quantum of compensation - Land rights and the acquisition of traditional land rights - Issues surrounding 'public interest' -Alternatives to expropriation -The future: "good practice", debate and reform. This handbook is an essential resource for students and researchers in the areas of land policy, land law, property law and rights, and international development.

Download or read book Land Expropriation in Israel written by Yifat Holzman-Gazit and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, Israel's Supreme Court has failed to limit the state's powers of expropriation and to protect private property. This book argues that the Court's land expropriation jurisprudence can only be understood against the political, cultural and institutional context in which it was shaped. Security and economic pressures, the precarious status of the Court in the early years, the pervading ethos of collectivism, the cultural symbolism of public land ownership and the perceived strategic and demographic risks posed by the Israeli Arab population - all contributed to the creation of a harsh and arguably undemocratic land expropriation legal philosophy. This philosophy, the book argues, was applied by the Supreme Court to Arabs and Jews alike from the creation of the state in 1948 and until the 1980s. The book concludes with an analysis of the constitutional change of 1992 and its impact on the legal treatment of property rights under Israeli law.

Download or read book The Agrarian Dispute written by John Dwyer and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-1930s the Mexican government expropriated millions of acres of land from hundreds of U.S. property owners as part of President Lázaro Cárdenas’s land redistribution program. Because no compensation was provided to the Americans a serious crisis, which John J. Dwyer terms “the agrarian dispute,” ensued between the two countries. Dwyer’s nuanced analysis of this conflict at the local, regional, national, and international levels combines social, economic, political, and cultural history. He argues that the agrarian dispute inaugurated a new and improved era in bilateral relations because Mexican officials were able to negotiate a favorable settlement, and the United States, constrained economically and politically by the Great Depression, reacted to the crisis with unaccustomed restraint. Dwyer challenges prevailing arguments that Mexico’s nationalization of the oil industry in 1938 was the first test of Franklin Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor policy by showing that the earlier conflict over land was the watershed event. Dwyer weaves together elite and subaltern history and highlights the intricate relationship between domestic and international affairs. Through detailed studies of land redistribution in Baja California and Sonora, he demonstrates that peasant agency influenced the local application of Cárdenas’s agrarian reform program, his regional state-building projects, and his relations with the United States. Dwyer draws on a broad array of official, popular, and corporate sources to illuminate the motives of those who contributed to the agrarian dispute, including landless fieldworkers, indigenous groups, small landowners, multinational corporations, labor leaders, state-level officials, federal policymakers, and diplomats. Taking all of them into account, Dwyer explores the circumstances that spurred agrarista mobilization, the rationale behind Cárdenas’s rural policies, the Roosevelt administration’s reaction to the loss of American-owned land, and the diplomatic tactics employed by Mexican officials to resolve the international conflict.

Download or read book International Investment Law and Water Resources Management written by Ana Maria Daza-Clark and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrological variability, increasing competition for water, and the need for regulatory flexibility may increasingly compel governments to adopt measures with significant economic impact on foreign investment. In International Investment Law and Water Resources Management, Daza-Clark offers an appraisal of indirect expropriation, revisiting the well-known doctrine of the police power. Through the lens of international investment law, the author explores a framework that assesses the legitimate exercise of police power with particular attention to the special nature of water resources.

Download or read book Land Rights and Expropriation in Ethiopia written by Daniel W. Ambaye and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-13 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis provides a new approach to the Ethiopian Land Law debate. The basic argument made in this thesis is that even if the Ethiopian Constitution provides and guarantees common ownership of land (together with the state) to the people, this right has not been fully realized whether in terms of land accessibility, enjoyability, and payment of fair compensation in the event of expropriation. Expropriation is an inherent power of the state to acquire land for public purpose activities. It is an important development tool in a country such as Ethiopia where expropriation remains the only method to acquire land. Furthermore, the two preconditions of payment of fair compensation and existence of public purpose justifications are not strictly followed in Ethiopia. The state remains the sole beneficiary of the process by capturing the full profit of land value, while paying inadequate compensation to those who cede their land by expropriation. Secondly, the broader public purpose power of the state in expropriating the land for unlimited activities puts the property owners under imminent risk of expropriation.

Download or read book International Interplay written by Riddhi Dasgupta and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are international tribunals heading towards greater sovereignty or towards greater liberalisation of property rights? Can we glean specific deductions from prevailing cases outside the expropriation arena? How can we justifiably extrapolate principles from international investment arbitration before modifying and applying these lessons to international human rights, the World Trade Organization regime and other dispute settlement systems? What, if any, degree of deference attends the assessment of various claims undertaken by international tribunals? Does this depend on high commerce, force majeure, military or paramilitary control, urgent nuclear and environmental considerations, transboundary harms, political instability, fraud and deception or other special circumstances? Where do textually strict treaty interpretations end and the general principles of international law take over? Can autonomous treaty interpretation by international tribunals be reconciled with the host State’s prerogative of defining its own protected public interests? Where is the tipping point, too frequently fraught with the potential to deprive States of the incentive to stay within the applicable international compact? These issues must be comparatively addressed. Contemporary international law developments and dislocations are occurring at a break-neck pace. We pause and contemplate the implications. Riddhi Dasgupta analyses the standards of Expropriation, Exhaustion of Local Remedies, Continuous Nationality, Non-Discrimination (National Treatment, Most Favoured Nation and Domestic Discrimination), Fair and Equitable Treatment, Minimum Standard of Treatment, and Compensation across international dispute settlement. The foundational and evolving concept of consent is required to justify all public international law, from genesis onwards. The potency of expropriation-based claims will continue to expand, and the comparative lessons drawn from various international law regimes will interplay to stirring effect. Writing accessibly, Dasgupta proposes various legal strategies going forward and makes analytical prognostications about this area of international law. Dasgupta presents influential interview and anecdotal results as well as statistics concerning the growing flow of investments in targeted jurisdictions and sectors. For the international lawyer’s benefit, the final chapter condenses the book’s tactical scenario-planning and advice. Institutional dialogues among tribunals as well as tribunal dialogues with politicians, investors, NGOs, and of course citizens (the ultimate boson) will assume absolutely indispensable significance. This will be the true tipping-point in the eye of the storm. Legitimacy, transparency, justice, efficiency and economy, candour, party autonomy, coherence, incentives, and the tense clash of interests reappear as the constant motifs in this important but relatively unknown saga. Studiedly neutral in its orientation, this book strives to promote constructive solutions as well as public awareness.

Download or read book Expropriation in Investment Treaty Arbitration written by Johanne M. Cox and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of investors seeking compensation from states perceived to have expropriated their projects. Part of the Oxford International Arbitration Series, this book provides a comprehensive guide to expropriation and how it is applied in practice. The book begins by introducing the law of expropriation from a historical standpoint, charting some of the key decisions in the history of expropriation and how it has evolved to become an accepted principle in international law today. It then proceeds to offer a detailed examination of existing case law, from which common substantive principles of the international law on expropriation are drawn out. Relevant international cases from the ICJ, ECHR, Iran-US Tribunal, ICSID, NAFTA, and the ECT are considered to complement the focus on investment treaty arbitration. The book also examines the interplay between expropriation and other standards of treaty protection, namely fair and equitable treatment. The final chapters comment on current trends and assess the relevance of expropriation in the present day.

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Issues in Expropriation written by Frances Plimmer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-18 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Issues in Expropriation reviews the contemporary major issues involving expropriation (eminent domain/compulsory purchase) in an international context. Expropriation is a right reserved to all governments, and, thus, it has an impact on all societies. This book, the first of its kind, considers the essential issues from the point of view of both developing and developed countries, and their needs for major infrastructure projects. The content covers major issues, principles and policies and includes the experiences of and examples from different countries and regions, including Australia, Asia, China, Europe, India and the USA. Rather than providing an in-depth examination of individual countries’ legal systems, the book focuses on international issues, and also provides a reflection on how national experiences can be related to global needs. Key themes include: Nature and quantum of compensation • Land rights and the acquisition of traditional land rights • Issues surrounding ‘public interest’ •Alternatives to expropriation •The future: “good practice”, debate and reform. This handbook is an essential resource for students and researchers in the areas of land policy, land law, property law and rights, and international development.

Download or read book Expropriation of Property for National Defense written by United States. Department of Justice. Lands Division and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Expropriation of American owned Property by Foreign Governments in the Twentieth Century Report Prepared by the Legislative Reference Service Library of Congress for the Committee on Foreign Affairs Committee Print 88 1 July 19 1963 written by United States. Congress. House. Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Law of Italy Relating to Concessions Railways Tramways Expropriation Companies written by Italy and published by . This book was released on 1830 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The International law of expropriation as reflected in the work of the Iran U S claims tribunals written by Allahyar Mouri and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 1994-01-06 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with expropriation and other measures affecting property rights as set out in the awards of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, and thus examines the relation between general international law and the "lex specialis," viz., the provisions of the Algiers Declarations and the Treaty of Amity between the Governments of Iran and the United States. It studies what rights have been considered as property rights capable of being independently expropriated or affected by other measures, and what rights have not been so qualified, although they might have been considered as forming an element of valuation. Furthermore, the liability and attributability issues are discussed, as are the methods of compensation and of valuation.

Download or read book International Investment Arbitration written by Campbell McLachlan and published by Oxford International Arbitrati. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arbitration of international investment disputes is one of the fastest growing areas of international dispute resolution. This book surveys the substantive principles which are being applied to disputes by international investment tribunals.

Download or read book Before Eminent Domain written by Susan Reynolds and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this concise history of expropriation of land for the common good in Europe and North America from medieval times to 1800, Susan Reynolds contextualizes the history of an important legal doctrine regarding the relationship between government and the institution of private property. Before Eminent Domain concentrates on western Europe and the English colonies in America. As Reynolds argues, expropriation was a common legal practice in many societies in which individuals had rights to land. It was generally accepted that land could be taken from them, with compensation, when the community, however defined, needed it. She cites examples of the practice since the early Middle Ages in England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, and from the seventeenth century in America. Reynolds concludes with a discussion of past and present ideas and assumptions about community, individual rights, and individual property that underlie the practice of expropriation but have been largely ignored by historians of both political and legal thought.