Download or read book Expression Profiling of Human Tumors written by Marc Ladanyi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-01 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the use of global gene expression profiling to understand human tumors. The authors focus on the analysis of human tissue samples for a variety of cancers, including breast, colorectal, lung, renal, ovarian, bone, and brain tumors, among others. A primer on the technology and its novel analytical methods. Contains over 40 color images. Explains both the theory and practice of comprehensive gene expression profiling. Timely and topical, Expression Profiling of Human Tumors: Diagnostic and Research Applications offers every oncologist, pathologists, and cancer surgeons an essential introduction to the most promising new high-throughput investigative approaches in molecular biology-technology that is already dramatically reshaping the future of cancer research, diagnostic pathology, and clinical oncology.

Download or read book Expression Profiling of Human Tumors written by Marc Ladanyi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2003-05-01 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the use of global gene expression profiling to understand human tumors. The authors focus on the analysis of human tissue samples for a variety of cancers, including breast, colorectal, lung, renal, ovarian, bone, and brain tumors, among others. A primer on the technology and its novel analytical methods. Contains over 40 color images. Explains both the theory and practice of comprehensive gene expression profiling. Timely and topical, Expression Profiling of Human Tumors: Diagnostic and Research Applications offers every oncologist, pathologists, and cancer surgeons an essential introduction to the most promising new high-throughput investigative approaches in molecular biology-technology that is already dramatically reshaping the future of cancer research, diagnostic pathology, and clinical oncology.

Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling in Cancer written by Dimitrios Vlachakis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of modern-day genetics in designing efficient gene expression profiles for cancer is immense. The progress of technology and science in recent years provides the opportunity for discovery and application of new techniques for treating various diseases that affect humanity. Methods for finding and analyzing the profile of gene expression of infected cells give scientists the ability to develop more targeted and effective treatments, especially for diseases such as cancer. The development of gene expression profiling is one of the most important achievements in cancer genetics in our time. It is essentially the driving force behind personalized and precision medicine. This book highlights recent developments, applications, and breakthroughs in the field of gene expression profiling in cancer.

Download or read book Impact of Gene Expression Profiling Tests on Breast Cancer Outcomes written by Luigi Marchionni and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses the evidence that three marketed gene expression-based assays improve prognostic accuracy, treatment choice, and health outcomes in women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer. Three gene expression assays were evaluated; Oncotype DX¿, MammaPrint® and the Breast Cancer Profiling (BCP or H/I ratio) test, and for gene expression signatures underlying the assays. They sought evidence on: analytic performance of tests; clinical validity; clinical utility; harms; and impact on clinical decision making and health care costs. Conclusions: Oncotype DX is furthest along the validation pathway, with retrospective evidence that it predicts distant spread and chemotherapy benefit to a clinically relevant extent over standard predictors. Illus.

Download or read book Diagnostic Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Gene Signatures written by Antonio Russo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-03 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene expression studies have revealed diagnostic profiles and upregulation of specific pathways in many solid tumors. The explosion of new information in gene expression profiling could potentially lead to the development of tailored treatments in many solid tumors. In addition many studies are ongoing to validate these signatures also in predicting response to hormonal, chemotherapeutic and targeted agents in breast cancer as well as in other tumors. Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Gene Signatures provides readers a useful and comprehensive resource about the range of applications of microarray technology in oncological diseases. Topics covered include gene signatures and soft tissue sarcomas, prognostic relevance of breast cancer signatures, gene expression profiling of colorectal cancer and liver metastasis, gene signatures in GISTs, CNVs and gene expression profiles in pancreatic cancer, and gene signatures in head/neck, lung and gastric tumors. Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of Gene Signatures will be of great value to residents and fellows, physicians, pathologists and medical oncologists.

Download or read book MicroRNA Profiling in Cancer written by Yuriy Gusev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current advances in the emerging interdisciplinary field of microRNA research of human cancers from a unique perspective of quantitative sciences: bioinformatics, computational and systems biology, and mathematical modeling. This volume contains adaptations and critical reviews of recent state-of-the-art studies, ranging from technological advances in microRNA detection and profiling, clinically oriented microRNA profiling in several human cancers, to a systems biology analysis of global patterns of microRNA regulation of signaling and metabolic pathways. Interactions with transcription factor regulatory networks and mathematical modeling of microRNA regulation are also discussed.

Download or read book Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer written by Monica Castiglione and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-11 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjuvant treatment is administered prior to or as follow up to surgical procedures for breast cancer. Proven success in using medical therapies allowing for breast conserving procedures or reducing risk of occurrence. Although there has been much progress towards a cure, including the introduction of new targeted therapies, metastasizing cancer remains highly incurable.

Download or read book Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer written by Ravi Salgia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contextualizes translational research and provides an up to date progress report on therapies that are currently being targeted in lung cancer. It is now well established that there is tremendous heterogeneity among cancer cells both at the inter- and intra-tumoral level. Further, a growing body of work highlights the importance of targeted therapies and personalized medicine in treating cancer patients. In contrast to conventional therapies that are typically administered to the average patient regardless of the patient’s genotype, targeted therapies are tailored to patients with specific traits. Nonetheless, such genetic changes can be disease-specific and/or target specific; thus, the book addresses these issues manifested in the somatically acquired genetic changes of the targeted gene. Each chapter is written by a leading medical oncologist who specializes in thoracic oncology and is devoted to a particular target in a specific indication. Contributors provide an in-depth review of the literature covering the mechanisms underlying signaling, potential cross talk between the target and downstream signaling, and potential emergence of drug resistance.

Download or read book Impact of Gene Expression Profiling Tests on Breast Cancer Outcomes written by Luigi Marchionni (M.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling for Predicting Outcomes in Stage II Colon Cancer written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-03-23 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colon cancer is a common malignancy affecting both women and men. In 2012, it is expected to be the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer (after prostate, breast, and lung cancer) with an estimated 103,170 new cases and, combined with rectal cancer, is the second most common cause of cancer deaths (after lung cancer) with 51,690 deaths. The most important prognostic factor for colon cancer is stage at diagnosis. About 40 percent of patients with colon cancer are initially diagnosed with stage I disease (these localized tumors do not invade through the muscularis propria). Stage I disease has a 5-year survival rate of over 95 percent. Five-year survival rates for patients diagnosed with stage II disease are between 58 and 83 percent. Stage II colon cancer is characterized by full-thickness tumor invasion of the bowel wall and the absence of lymph node and distant metastases. Stage II disease is now subdivided into IIA (T3 tumors that invade through the muscularis propria into the pericolorectal tissues), IIB (T4a tumors that directly penetrate to the surface of the visceral peritoneum), and IIC (T4b tumors where tumor directly invades or is adherent to other organs or structures). The relative 5-year survival rate for stage II T4a tumors is higher than for T4b lesions. Stages III and IV have a worse prognosis. A number of negative prognostic factors, that is, factors associated with increased risk of recurrence, have been identified in stage II disease including T4 tumors (which tend to be large); obstruction or bowel perforation at initial diagnosis; an inadequately low number of assessed lymph nodes from surgery (12 or fewer); poorly differentiated histology, vascular, lymphatic, and perineural invasion; a high preoperative level of carcinoembryonic antigen; and the presence of indeterminate or positive resection margins. Gene expression profiles (GEPs), also known as gene expression patterns or signatures, measure the activity of “expression” of multiple genes using a single sample. Gene expression results from DNA transcription into messenger RNA (mRNA); mRNA then serves as the template for protein synthesis. Gene expression is determined by analyzing RNA in the sample, generally using either reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction or DNA microarrays. GEP tests use defined protocols to evaluate the specimens to be analyzed: preparing the RNA samples, copying into DNA, normalizing the raw expression measurements, and computing summary results (summary indices). Data from a GEP test can provide information about a cell's type, its current state of activity, and its local environment. This Brief will focus on the use of GEP tests for both prognostic and predictive outcomes. For the purposes of this Technical Brief, prognostic outcomes relate to disease prognosis such as recurrence of tumor or survival. The prognostic outcome often assesses disease recurrence over time (usually over 3 to 5 years) and is generally measured by disease-free survival. In contrast, use of GEP assays for predictive outcomes is different. This use correlates the GEP result with benefit (reduced recurrence rate and improved survival) from adjuvant chemotherapy. Predictive assays are especially important in that their use could result in improved survival.

Download or read book Microarray Technology and Cancer Gene Profiling written by Simone Mocellin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-28 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the revolutionary implications that the use of this technology might have in the clinical management of cancer patients, the principles of DNA array-based tumor gene profiling must be clearly understood for the data to be correctly interpreted and appreciated. This book, written by leading experts, discusses the technical features characterizing the powerful laboratory tool of microarray technology, and reviews applications in the field of oncology.

Download or read book High Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma written by Chrysalyne D. Schmults and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a cutting-edge resource that provides clinicians with the up-to-date practical knowledge required in order to manage SCC patients optimally. It summarizes newly available information relating to the definition of high-risk SCC, its pathophysiologic underpinnings, and its management. New prognostic information and staging systems are summarized that enable high-risk tumors to be defined more precisely than ever before. Many helpful tips are provided on the practical management of challenging cases, including multiple tumors/field cancerization, high-risk tumors, nodal metastases, and unresectable disease. The authors are all acknowledged experts in the emerging field of high-risk and advanced SCC.​

Download or read book Gene Expression Profiling in Non Small Cell Lung Cancer written by Chi-Leung David Lam and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Gene Expression Profiling in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer" by Chi-leung, David, Lam, 林志良, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled Gene Expression Profiling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Submitted by LAM Chi Leung, David for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in July 2007 Lung cancer is the worldwide leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality and Hong Kong is no exception. In some Asian countries/regions including Hong Kong, there is an increasing trend of female, non-smokers and adenocarcinomas among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgical resection for early stage NSCLC remains as the only curative treatment while modern chemoirradiation improves the survival of advanced stage NSCLC patients only marginally. In recent years, molecular targeted therapy has become the focus of clinical trials for advanced stage NSCLC, with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) being one promising therapeutic agent. Clinical characteristics such as female, non-smoker, tumor with activating EGFR gene mutations, adenocarcinoma histology and Asian origin are independent predictors of clinical response to EGFR-TKI. Hong Kong provides an appropriate context for studying the pathogenesis and 1chemotherapeutics in Chinese female non-smokers with lung cancer. The hypotheses being tested were that there is differential gene expression associated with different clinical phenotypes i.e. gender, smoking habits, and EGFR gene mutation status in NSCLC from local Chinese patients. To test these, the gene expression profiles of resected primary lung tumors, normal lung tissues, lung cancer cell lines and normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBECs), were analyzed. First, four new lung adenocarcinomas cell lines (HKULC 1 - 4), two from female non-smokers and two from male smokers, were established from local Chinese. They were characterized with morphological and immunohistochemical studies, growth kinetics, and gene expression profiling with microarrays. Differentially expressed genes related to the regulation of cellular proliferation and to EGFR gene exon 18 - 21 mutations were identified. These new cell lines provide tools for future research in lung cancer and for comparisons with research findings from other ethnic groups. Second, gene expression profiling with microarrays was performed for 49 lung adenocarcinomas and 9 normal lung tissues collected from local Chinese. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed stable clusters of lung adenocarcinomas versus normal lung tissues, female non-smokers and tumors bearing EGFR gene mutation at exons 18 - 21. Differential gene expression and molecular classifiers were identified and correlated clinical characteristics. The results were validated with independent test data sets from published microarray data on NSCLC. These gene expression profiling data on lung adenocarcinomas, female non-smokers and EGFR gene mutation status provide 2information for candidate gene selection for further research on lung cancer in Chinese female non-smokers. Third, significant differences were found in the expression levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes, α6 and β3, between tumors arising from smokers and non-smokers, adjusted for the effects of gender. Gene expression signatures were found associated with high nAChR α6β3 gene expression. Reversible elevations of the expression levels of nAChR α1, α5 and α7 subunit genes were found in

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos written by Amelie G. Ramirez and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.

Download or read book The Application of Gene Expression Profiling to Clinical Breast Cancer Research written by Sherene Loi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book has three main results parts. Chapter 3 illustrates the first independent validation study of a 70-gene signature developed from gene expression profiling for use in breast cancer prognosis and demonstration of its ability to add independent prognostic information to the clinical prognostic factors currently used. The successful validation of this study preceded the design and implementation of a world-wide randomized clinical trial evaluating the gene signature's clinical utility. This trial has commenced and is currently recruiting in Europe. Chapter 4 describes the finding that proliferation-related genes can predict clinical outcome consistently in breast cancer and many gene signatures developed for predicting breast cancer prognosis derive a significant proportion of their prognostic power from these genes. Finally, chapter 5 describes the use of proliferation-related genes to define two distinct prognostic molecular subgroups within estrogen receptor positive breast cancers.

Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Potential Applications of Gene Expression Profiling in Clinical Oncology written by Malek Hannouf and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Histopathological analysis of tumor is currently the main tool used to guide cancer management. Gene expression profiling may provide additional valuable information for both classification and prognostication of individual tumors. A number of gene expression profiling assays have been developed recently to inform therapy decisions in women with early stage breast cancer and help identify the primary tumor site in patients with metastatic cancer of unknown primary. The impact of these assays on health and economic outcomes, if introduced into general practice, has not been determined. I aimed to conduct an economic evaluation of regulatory-approved gene expression profiling assays for breast cancer and cancer of unknown primary for the purpose of determining whether these technologies represent value for money from the perspective of the Canadian health care system. I developed decision-analytic models to project the lifetime clinical and economic consequences of early stage breast cancer and metastatic cancer of unknown primary. I used Manitoba Cancer Registry and Manitoba administrative health databases to model current real-world Canadian clinical practices. I applied available data about gene expression profiling assays from secondary sources on these models to predict the impact of these assays on current clinical and economic outcomes. In the base case, gene expression profiling assays in early stage breast cancer and cancer of unknown primary resulted in incremental cost effectiveness ratios of less than $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. These results were most sensitive to the uncertainty associated with the accuracy of the assay, patient-physician response to gene expression profiling information and patient survival. The potential application of these gene expression profiling assays in clinical oncology appears to be cost-effective in the Canadian healthcare system. Field evaluation of these assays to establish their impact on cancer management and patient survival may have a large societal impact and should be initiated in Canada to ensure their clinical utility and cost-effectiveness. The use of Canadian provincial administrative population data in decision modeling is useful to quantify uncertainty about gene expression profiling assays and guide the use of novel funding models such as conditional funding alongside a field evaluation.

Download or read book Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Yujin Hoshida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current limitations and unmet needs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also provides newly emerging concepts, approaches, and technologies to address challenges. Topics covered include changing landscape of HCC etiologies in association with health disparities, framework of clinical management algorithm, new and experimental modalities of HCC diagnosis and prognostication, multidisciplinary treatment options including rapidly evolving molecular targeted therapies and immune therapies, multi-omics molecular characterization, and clinically relevant experimental models. The book is intended to assist collaboration between the diverse disciplines and facilitate forward and reverse translation between basic and clinical research by providing a comprehensive overview of relevant areas, covering epidemiological trend and population-level patient management strategies, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, recent advances in the standard care and novel therapeutic approaches, and new concepts in pathogenesis and experimental approaches and tools, by experts and opinion leaders in their respective fields. By thoroughly and concisely covering whole aspects of HCC care, Hepatocellular Carcinoma serves as a valuable reference for multidisciplinary readers, and promotes the development of personalized precision care strategies that lead to substantial improvement of disease burden and patient prognosis in HCC.