Download or read book Exporting and Upgrading in South African Leather Industries written by Richard Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Export Tax on the Competitiveness of Ethiopia s Leather Industry written by Wegayehu Fitawek and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most countries have implemented export-oriented development strategies with the objectives of improving their economic stability and improving resource allocation efficiency. Export tax, which has been an integral part of trade policies for centuries, has not been given adequate attention by the World Trade Organization (WTO) or the economic literature. Export taxes on primary commodities serve as indirect subsidies to manufacturing and processing industries by lowering the domestic price of inputs, and also have a positive effect on government revenue. Conversely, export taxes can have a negative impact on the producers of raw materials and externalities for trade partners. The government of Ethiopia applied a 150% export tax on raw hides and skins (RHS) and semi-finished leather products in 2008, and another 150% export tax on crust leather in 2012 in order to encourage the leather manufacturing industry. The aim of this study is to examine the export trends of Ethiopia s raw hides and skins and finished leather products, and to analyse the effect of export tax on Ethiopia s leather industry s export competitiveness. A linear trend analysis model was used to analyse the export trends of raw hides and skins and finished leather products. This study evaluated export volume data from 1997 to 2014 in order to estimate the trend coefficients. The results of the model showed that Ethiopia s RHS and semi-processed leather products export had declined by -38.06% and significant at 1% significant level; this is due to the heavy export tax imposed by the government to increase the production and export of finished leather products. Meanwhile, finished leather products and footwear have increased by 75.34% and 44.37% respectively, and significant at 1% significant level. The comparative advantage analysis was used to examine the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of Ethiopia by comparing selected countries. The results indicated that Ethiopia was a RCA of raw hides and skins and semi-processed leather products more than one (RCA > 1) before 2008; after the export tax implementation in 2008, the RCA became decreased, conversely, the RCA of Ethiopia s finished product more than one for the period 2006 to 2014 and increased more after 2008. South Africa has comparative advantage only on the export of raw hides skins and semi-processed leather product (RCA>1). Nigeria was not stable RCA for both raw hides and skins and finished leather products and in most year revealed comparative advantage greater than one (RCA >1). The RCA indexes of footwear for all three countries were less than one except Ethiopia in (2007, 2008 and 2012). The RCA provides information on advantage to exports, such as product comparisons with other competitive countries. However, the RCA does not show the sources of advantage (growth), therefore the constant market share (CMS) model was used to indicate the source of advantage. The CMS model has been used to evaluate the competitiveness of Ethiopia s leather products. The export value data of 2007 were used as the base year, whereas data in 2013 were considered as the year after the export tax implementation and increase. The results indicate that the implementation of the export tax has reduced the competitiveness of raw hides and skins and semi-processed leather products, but increased the competitiveness of the finished leather products in the world markets. The overall results showed positive export growth (2.55), which is most likely achieved by an increase in the export competitiveness of the leather industry of 2.25. The positive competitiveness value indicates that Ethiopian finished leather products are competitive with other exporters in selected markets (Italy, China and Hong Kong). Conversely, Ethiopia s leather products have negative commodity composition effects and market composition effects (-0.132 and -0.262, respectively). The negative commodity composition effect shows that, because of the export tax, the export of Ethiopian raw hides and skins and semi-processed leather products have decreased, while the imports of these products have grown faster in selected markets. The same is true for negative market composition effects; because of the export tax, the demand for raw hides and skins and semi-finished products decreased in selected markets.
Download or read book A Preliminary Study on the Bovine Leather Chain in South Africa written by Richard Ballard and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commerce Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1937-08-07 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why Does South Africa Export Hides and Skins written by Leather Industries Research Institute (Grahamstown) and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy written by Arkebe Oqubay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 1120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While sharing some characteristics with other middle-income countries, South Africa is a country with a unique economic history and distinctive economic features. It is a regional economic powerhouse that plays a significant role, not only in southern Africa and in the continent, but also as a member of BRICS. However, there has been a lack of structural transformation and weak economic growth, and South Africa faces the profound triple challenges of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. Any meaningful debate about economic policies to address these challenges needs to be informed by a deep understanding of historical developments, robust empirical evidence, and rigorous analysis of South Africa's complex economic landscape. This volume seeks to provide a wide-ranging set of original, detailed, and state-of-the-art analytical perspectives that contribute to scientific knowledge as well as to well-informed and productive discourse on the South African economy. While concentrating on the more recent economic issues facing South Africa, the handbook also provides historical and political context. It offers an in-depth examination of strategic issues in the country's key economic sectors, and brings together diverse analytical perspectives.
Download or read book Board of Trade Journal of Tariff and Trade Notices and Miscellaneous Commercial Information written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal written by South Africa. Department of Agriculture and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Report South Africa 2014 written by Oxford Business Group and published by Oxford Business Group. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indeed, since the end of apartheid in 1994 South Africa has become a major diplomatic player both on the African continent as well as further afield. Despite the size of South Africa’s economy, the country currently faces a number of major economic challenges. As of the end of July 2014 the unemployment rate was at 25.5%, according to data from Statistics South Africa, which was among the highest in the world. While the government’s long-term development plans are generally highly regarded, delivery and execution has occasionally been problematic. While there are major hurdles that must be cleared, given the country’s strong institutions and the rapid pace of economic expansion over the past two decades, South Africa should be able to look forward to 20 more years of peace and steady, sustained economic growth.
Download or read book World Trade in Commodities written by United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Review Midland Bank written by Midland Bank and published by . This book was released on 1923 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foreign Commerce Weekly written by and published by . This book was released on 1941 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade Information Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Strategic Repositioning of Arts Culture and Heritage in the 21st Century written by George Mugovhani and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-06-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The post-millennium world has been experiencing several recognisable historical milestones with regard to arts, culture and heritage. One of these has been the resuscitation and revival of creative elements of the arts, culture and heritage of previously marginalised or disadvantaged communities around the world. Until recently, there had been scant regard and skewed allocation of resources for these, but lately attempts have been made to promote and sustain them in order to enable the socio-economic aspirations of a multicultural society. The contributions brought together here are the product of papers that were presented during a conference on “Strategic Repositioning of Arts, Culture and Heritage in the 21st Century”. They cover a broad spectrum of subjects such as indigeneity, music, song and identity, politics, national reconciliation, education, product development, and national development.
Download or read book The Trade in Iodine written by Olive Pierce Hartley and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Trade and Investment with Sub Saharan Africa 5th Report Inv 332 415 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Midland Bank Review written by Midland Bank and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
