Download or read book Exploring Social Influences on Executive Function in Preschool Children written by Joni N. Saby and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of executive function in young children is currently a central topic in developmental science. Despite great interest in this area, empirical research examining the influence of social interaction on children's executive functioning is still scarce. The present study aims to fill this gap by addressing how aspects of current and preceding social interactions affect preschool children's executive function performance. In the first phase of the experiment four- and five-year-old children completed an activity either individually or in collaboration with an experimenter. Following this manipulation, children completed a series of executive function tasks. The first task was a motor contagion task in which children moved a stylus on a graphics tablet while viewing a background video of another person producing congruent or incongruent movements. Children also completed a go/no-go task, a two-choice spatial compatibility task (i.e., a Simon task), and two joint go/no-go tasks in which they essentially shared a Simon task with an experimenter. The main finding from the motor contagion task was that children who collaborated with an experimenter in the first part of the study were more susceptible to interference from observing incongruent movements produced by their partner from the collaborative activity compared to observing the same movements produced by an experimenter who merely observed the collaboration. In addition, for children in both conditions, the results of the go/no-go and Simon tasks indicated the presence of a joint Simon effect. Specifically, a significant spatial compatibility effect was observed in the Simon task and the first time children completed the joint go/no-go task with an experimenter. Importantly, there was no spatial compatibility effect when children completed an individual go/no-go task. No differences were found for the joint Simon effect related to the social manipulation. The findings are discussed in relation to their implications for our understanding of social influences on children's developing executive abilities.
Download or read book Executive Function in Preschool age Children written by James Alan Griffin and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, top scientists from a variety of fields investigate the development of executive function (EF), a term that encompasses a range of mental processes that together regulate our social behavior and our cognitive and emotional well-being.
Download or read book Exploring the Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Executive Function and Theory of Mind Skills of Preschoolers written by Andrea Molzhon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) skills develop rapidly during the preschool years and have been found to directly and indirectly contribute to school readiness. Evidence indicates that EF may influence ToM development, though this relation may not be consistent across children from different backgrounds. Additionally, socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to affect preschoolers' EF, while the literature is mixed regarding the effects if any that SES may have on ToM development. Though the relation between EF and ToM appears robust across the literature, the possible effects of SES on this relation have yet to be fully explored. As children from low-SES homes are more likely to fall behind at the start of school, and this achievement gap is likely to widen through the school years, it is important to understand how the cognitive components that contribute to school readiness develop and are affected by SES so that we may work toward improving preschool education for children across all socioeconomic backgrounds. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether SES affected the relation between EF and ToM among urban preschool children (ages 3-5 years) from various SES backgrounds. In addition to examining the EF-ToM relation, relations among SES, general cognitive skills, EF, and ToM, as well as relations among age, EF, and ToM, were examined. Results from correlational and regression analyses indicated that SES was related to EF but not ToM, and that EF was not related to ToM after controlling for age. Inconsistent with the majority of previous findings, the results did not support the hypothesized link between EF and ToM. However, the findings from this study do add support to the large body of literature pertaining to the positive relation between SES and EF, and provide evidence that ToM may be relatively protected from the negative effects of low-SES among preschoolers. Results also support previous reports of large age-related changes in EF and ToM that occur during the preschool years. The implications for preschool development and education are discussed.
Download or read book Executive Functions in Children s Everyday Lives written by Maureen Hoskyn and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive Functions in Children's Everyday Lives captures the diversity and complexity of the executive system that underlies children's everyday life experiences. Acquisition of executive functions, such as interpreting communication cues and the perspectives of others, is foundational to and a function of children's early social and communicative competencies. From the soccer field to the classroom, executive functions support children's strategic thinking and control of their environment. Knowing about executive functions and how this system of cognitive resources emerges in young children is important in understanding children's development. Recent research points to the importance of also considering environmental influences on the executive system. This book is unique in its focus on how experiences in children's early lives influence and are influenced by executive functions. Viewing executive functions through this broad lens is critical for professionals who intervene when children's access to executive functions is less than optimal. This book addresses a wide range of topics, including the neurological basis of executive functions in young children, the assessment of children's executive functions, theoretical and historical conceptions of executive functions, the relations between executive functions and theory of mind, multilingualism, early school transitions, and the relationship of executive functions to Autism and ADHD. This volume will be useful to professionals in applied psychology, undergraduate and graduate students, and social science and applied researchers.
Download or read book Executive Function Child Development written by Marcie Yeager and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brain-based approach to helping kids stay focused and achieve. Poor executive function (EF) in the brain can mean behavioral and attentional problems in school. This book explains to professionals and parents how EF develops in kids, what EF difficulties look like, and what creative and effective interventions can meet their needs. Executive functions involve mental processes such as: Working memory–holding several pieces of information in mind while we try to do something with them–for example, understand and solve a problem or carry out a task. Response inhibition–inhibiting actions that interfere with our intentions or goals. Shifting focus–interrupting an ongoing response in order to direct attention to other aspects of a situation that are important for goal attainment. Cognitive flexibility–generating alternative methods of solving a problem or reaching a goal. Self-monitoring–checking on one's own cognitions and actions to assure that they are in line with one's intentions. Goal Orientation–creating and carrying out a multi-step plan for achieving a goal in a timely fashion, keeping the "big picture" in mind.
Download or read book Play and Literacy in Early Childhood written by Kathleen A. Roskos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together studies, research syntheses, and critical commentaries that examine play-literacy relationships from cognitive, ecological, and cultural perspectives. The cognitive view focuses on mental processes that appear to link play and literacy activities; the ecological stance examines opportunities to engage in literacy-related play in specific environments; and the social-cultural position stresses the interface between the literacy and play cultures of home, community, and the school. Examining play from these diverse perspectives provides a multidimensional view that deepens understanding and opens up new avenues for research and educational practice. Each set of chapters is followed by a critical review by a distinguished play scholar. These commentaries' focus is to hold research on play and literacy up to scrutiny in terms of scientific significance, methodology, and utility for practice. A Foreword by Margaret Meek situates these studies in the context of current trends in literacy learning and instruction. Earlier studies on the role of play in early literacy acquisition provided considerable information about the types of reading and writing activities that children engage in during play and how this literacy play is affected by variables such as props, peers, and adults. However, they did not deal extensively, as this book does, with the functional significance of play in the literacy development of individual children. This volume pushes the study of play and literacy into new areas. It is indispensable reading for researchers and graduate students in the fields of early childhood education and early literacy development.
Download or read book The Influence of Hot and Cool Executive Function on Social Norm Learning and Sharing in Preschool Children written by Sarah Danielle English and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research indicates that norm understanding, as indicated by complying to and enforcing social norms, develops during the preschool years. In addition, children refine prosocial behaviours during this time. While hot and cool executive function (EF) abilities have been explored as independent systems, few studies have investigated the impact of their interaction on more complex cognitive abilities. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of both hot and cool EF on preschool children's sharing behaviours after viewing an Ultimatum-style norm paradigm. The sample consisted of 101 three- and four-year-old children (M = 3.58 years, SD = 0.50) including 55 females and 46 males from daycares in rural New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. Participants completed a number of tests of EF including working memory, inhibitory control, as well as a version of the Preschool Gambling task. Participants also completed a task to assess social norm learning which included three phases: baseline sharing, norm learning, and post-manipulation sharing. Whether children observed a generous or stingy model of sharing did not influence subsequent sharing behaviour on its own. Rather, a cluster analysis resulting in three distinct groups differing on baseline sharing and rejection rates suggested that individual differences may be more important in determining sharing behaviours. Moreover, the findings suggest that a balanced combination of both hot and cool EF abilities are necessary for understanding and complying to social norms. The findings of this study will help to inform the field about the early processes which underlie social norm learning, and more broadly, prosocial development.
Download or read book Social Interaction and the Development of Executive Function written by Charlie Lewis and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on the role of social interactions in the development of executive function, and offers a new and exciting alternative to many contemporary cognitive approaches. Executive function consists of higher cognitive skills involved in the control of thought, action, and emotion. Relatively little is known about the processes that promote its development. The volume is aimed at a broad range of child and adolescent developmental researchers and practitioners interested in how parental scaffolding, family background, as well as educational and cultural processes are linked to the development of children's self-control and social understanding.
Download or read book The Development of Attention written by J.T. Enns and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-08-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents an up-to-date review of developmental aspects of human attention by leading researchers and theorists. The papers included in the first section consider the ways in which newborns are pretuned to visual, auditory, linguistic, and social features of their environment, as well as how selectivity to these features changes in the first year of life. The following section examines properties of the visual and auditory world that are attention-getting for children. Developmental increases in capacity and strategy are also examined in this section through the study of perception, memory, problem-solving and language. Section III explores several ways in which selective processing can fail in development (e.g. autism, hyperactivity, and psychopathy) while Section IV reports on those aspects of selectivity that are lost (and preserved) in the aging process.
Download or read book Executive Function in Preschool age Children written by James Alan Griffin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A primary aim of the neuropsychological revolution has been the mapping of what has come to be known as executive function (EF). This term encompasses a range of mental processes such as working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility that, together, regulate our social behavior, and our emotional and cognitive well-being. In this book, top scientists from a variety of fields investigate executive function as it develops in early childhood. Because researchers differ in their conceptualizations of basic processes and even in how they define EF itself, contributors begin by discussing comparability and replicability, key issues which are of primary importance to those seeking to move the field to a new level of rigor. Next, they tackle the nuts-and-bolts of the development of EF in preschoolers, including the neurobiological mechanisms and circuitry that underlie EF development as well as the role of EF in assessing risk--and its counterpart, resilience. Finally, they highlight exciting new clinical applications of EF research, including the use of EF in contextualizing and assessing family risk, the impact of socioeconomic status on neurological development, and the promotion of EF development through early education programs"--Résumé de l'éditeur. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
Download or read book Human Behavior Learning and the Developing Brain written by Donna Coch and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together leading authorities from multiple disciplines to examine the relationship between brain development and behavior in typically developing children. Presented are innovative cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that shed light on brain–behavior connections in infancy and toddlerhood through adolescence. Chapters explore the complex interplay of neurobiological and environmental influences in the development of memory, language, reading, inhibitory control, and other core aspects of cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Throughout, the volume gives particular attention to what the research reveals about ways to support learning and healthy development in all children. Illustrations include four pages in full color.
Download or read book Executive Function in Education First Edition written by Lynn Meltzer and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This uniquely integrative book brings together research on executive function processes from leaders in education, neuroscience, and psychology. It focuses on how to apply current knowledge to assessment and instruction with diverse learners, including typically developing children and those with learning difficulties and developmental disabilities. The role of executive function processes in learning is examined and methods for identifying executive function difficulties are reviewed. Chapters describe scientifically grounded models for promoting these key cognitive capacities at the level of the individual child, the classroom, and the entire school. Implications for teaching particular content areas—reading, writing, and math—are also discussed.
Download or read book Self and Social Regulation The Development of Social Interaction Social Understanding and Executive Functions written by Bryan Sokol and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-01-27 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New research on children's executive functioning and self-regulation has begun to reveal important connections to their developing social understanding (or "theories of mind") and emotional competence. The exact nature of the relations between these aspects of children's social and emotional development is, however, far from being fully understood. Considerable disagreement has emerged, for instance, over the question of whether executive functioning facilitates social-emotional understanding, or vice versa. Recent studies linking the development of children's social understanding with aspects of their interpersonal relationships also raise concerns about the particular role that social interaction plays in the development of executive function. Three key questions currently drive this debate: Does social interaction play a role in the development of executive function or, more generally, self-regulation? If it does play a role, what forms of social interaction facilitate the development of executive function? Do different patterns of interpersonal experience differentially affect the development of self-regulation and social understanding? In this book, the contributors address these questions and explore other emerging theoretical and empirical links between self-regulation, social interaction, and children's psycho-social competence. It will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers interested in executive function, emotion, and social development.
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Download or read book Lifespan Cognition written by Ellen Bialystok and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aims to create a bridge across cognitive development and cognitive aging. This volume studies the rise and fall of specific cognitive functions, such as attention, executive functioning, memory, working memory, representations, and individual differences to find ways in which the study of development and decline converge on common mechanisms.
Download or read book Exploring Lifespan Development written by Laura E. Berk and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2022-07-26 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring Lifespan Development, Fourth Edition, the essentials version of Development Through the Lifespan, Seventh Edition by best-selling author Laura E. Berk, includes the same topics, the same number of chapters, and the same outstanding features, with a focus on the most important information and a greater emphasis on practical, real-life applications.
Download or read book Prefrontal Cortex Cognitive Deficits in Children Treated Early and Continuously for PKU written by Adele Diamond and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the leading biochemical cause for mental retardation in children. The study suggests levels of tyrosine reaching the brain are directly relational to the cognitive functions in the prefrontal cortex.
