Download or read book Experiments on the Ignition of Composite Solid Propellants written by PHILIP L. COWAN and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study of composite solid propellant ignition was undertaken. A shock tube was used to generate high temperature gas to supply the ignition energy to the propellant samples under test. Two propellant configurations are described; a flush mounted sample in the end wall and a string mounted sample on the axis of the tube. The propellant mounting procedure is described and the problems encountered are discussed in detail. Three types of propellant were tested and the results are presented. Ignition times are measured by means of two phototubes viewing the propellant through quartz windows in the shock tube. The problems associated with the detection of ignition by this method are discussed. A high speed framing camera for observation of ignition is described and the photographic results are presented. Film processing techniques are outlined. The purpose of this report is to present only the experimental technique for the study of ignition in a shock tube and some typical results. (Author).
Download or read book Ignition of Composite Solid Propellants written by J. W. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid Propellant Rocket Research written by Martin Summerfield and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Propellant Rocket Research
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Ignition Process of Solid Propellants in a Practical Motor Configuration written by Robert William Lancaster and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the ignition process of a composite solid propellant (80 wt-% NH4ClO4 plus 20 wt-% P-13 resin and additives was made in a combustion chamber whose configuration resembled that of a practical solid propellant motor. A small gas rocket chamber generated high temperature gaseous products, which in turn supplied the ignition energy to the internal surface of a cylindrical thin-web, case-bonded solid propellant grain. The ignition delay, the time between igntion of the gas igniter and the first ignition of the solid propellant grain, was measured as a function of the temperature, pressure, the chemical reactivity of the hot gases, and the velocity of these gases over the solid propellant surface. The ignition times were measured by means of a strain-gage pressure transducer inserted in the solid propellant motor chambr. (Author).
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of the Ignition Process of Solid Propellants in a Practical Motor Configuration written by Robert William Lancaster and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the ignition process of a composite solid propellant (80 wt-% NH4ClO4 plus 20 wt-% P-13 resin and additives was made in a combustion chamber whose configuration resembled that of a practical solid propellant motor. A small gas rocket chamber generated high temperature gaseous products, which in turn supplied the ignition energy to the internal surface of a cylindrical thin-web, case-bonded solid propellant grain. The ignition delay, the time between igntion of the gas igniter and the first ignition of the solid propellant grain, was measured as a function of the temperature, pressure, the chemical reactivity of the hot gases, and the velocity of these gases over the solid propellant surface. The ignition times were measured by means of a strain-gage pressure transducer inserted in the solid propellant motor chambr. (Author).
Download or read book Solid Propellant Ignition Studies Ignition of the Reaction Field Adjacent to the Surface of a Solid Propellant written by Clarke E. Hermance and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this research was to elucidate igni tion mechanisms of solid propellants, to identify the component processes, and to lay the basis for a theory of ignition. Experiments were performed in which composite propellant samples and polymeric fuel samples were exposed to high and low speed flows of oxygen containing gases at high temperature and pressure in a shock tunnel. Ignition of either propellant or fuel could not be obtained in high speed flows even in pure oxygen; in addition, no charring or decomposition of the fuel was observed. At low flow speeds, on the other hand, ignition of the composite propellant and the polymeric fuel did occur, and the ignition delay was found to depend on the gas phase oxygen concentration. The non-ignition at high flow speeds indicated that dilution or sweeping away of the gaseous reaction zone inhibited the ignition. Results strongly suggest that the site of ignition is in a gaseous reaction boundary layer adjacent to the surface of the propellant and not on the fuel surface itself. (Author).
Download or read book The Ignition Mechanism of Composite Solid Propellants written by Robert Francis McAlevy and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence points to gas phase heat evolution as the controlling mechanism for the steady-state deflagration process of solid propellants. Generally, this takes the form of a measured decrease of the ignition time lag with increasing oxygen concentration of the ignition gas. The study of this effect in the ignition of NH4ClO4 composite propellants is discussed. The shock tube was selected as the basic tool for this research. All of the quantitative experiments, designed to verify the gas phase ignition theory were executed by exposing small specimens of propellants to an instantaneous, controlled, heat input. This was accomplished by reflecting impinging shock waves from their exposed, flat, surfaces. As the igniting gas composition was vitiated with N the measured ignition time lags increased from a few hundred microseconds in a mixture of 100% O2, 0% N2, to 5 milliseconds in a mixture of 40% O2, 60% N2. This evidence led to an ignition mechanism based on a gas phase heat release due to the reaction between the vaporized fuel component of the propellant and the oxygen component of the ignition gas. (Author).
Download or read book Fundamental Processes in Solid Propellant Ignition written by R. Krishna Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytically and numerically determined behaviour of the diffusion equations, with chemical reactions, describing a gas phase ignition process for homogeneous and composite solid propellants, suddenly exposed to an ignition stimulus, are reported. Stimuli considered are a high pressure and temperature, stagnant gas of specified oxidizer content, or a radiant heat flux impinging on a non-opaque propellant exposed to a low temperature gas phase of specified pressure and composition. The results, assuming a radiant stimulus, indicate that purely gas phase reaction processes play only a minor role in the overall ignition behaviour. Qualitative agreement with experiments is found for several flux and pressure levels. Most interesting are the results using a hot ga stimulus. In homogeneous propellants, ignition involves consecutive development of a primary flame between propellant pyrolysis products, and a secondary flame using unburned fuel from the primary flame and any ambient oxidizer present. A unique calculation of light emission during ignition development allowed direct theoretical/experimental comparison of results. Composite propellants ignite via pyrolysis of the propellant and reaction of fuel species with any ambient oxidizer present, followed by reaction with propellant produced oxidizer species. Matching of gas phase ignition processes produce ignition behaviour in excellent, quantitative agreement with experiments using a hot gas stimulus, regarding effects of ambient gas phase pressure and composition on the ignition delay. (Author).
Download or read book Fundamentals of Solid Propellant Combustion written by K. K. Kuo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Critical Review of Recent Research on the Mechanism of Ignition of Solid Rocket Propellants written by R. SHINNAR and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of experimental techniques varying in form and concept have been used to study the ignition of composite and nitrate ester propellants. Both slow and fast ignitions have been studied, and ignition delays have ranged from 20 sec down to less than a millisecond. In the experiments which have been conducted, the propellants have been heated by hot wires, test furnaces of various types, flowing gas streams at elevated temperatures, shock tubes and shock tunnnels, highly reactive oxidizing gases, arcimage furnaces, etc. This review will contain a description of the various theories which have been used to account for the phenomenon of propellant ignition, a discussion of the experimental methods which have been applied to this study, and an evaluation of the reported results. (Author).
Download or read book Workshop on ESD Electrostatic Discharge Ignition of Composite Solid Propellants Held on April 18 19 1989 in Nashville Tennessee written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mechanism for an electrostatic discharge (ESD) initiation of a solid rocket motor is presented, based largely on discussions at a recent workshop focussed on ESD ignition of composite propellants. Electrical property measurements and breakdown phenomena have enjoyed most attention to data and did at the meeting as well. Here overviews of the formal workshop presentations are given, but the main emphasis is to convey the flow of the discussions, which included proposals on new ignition experiments now required, as well as preliminary thoughts on formulation of an ignition model. Based on the informal discussions, a recently proposed, detailed physical mechanism for ESD ignition is modified somewhat to be more consistent with experimental observations. Keywords: Electrostatic discharge ignition, Propellants, Composite propellants, Solid propellants, Ignition.
Download or read book The Ignition of Solid Propellants by Radiative Convective and Chemical Heating written by Sami Atallah and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents the results of an experimental study in which aluminized and non-aluminized composite solid propellants were ignited under different environmental conditions. Ignition was achieved by radiative, convective and chemical heating. An optical system operating in two narrow wavelength bands was used to detect the onset of ignition on and near the surface of the propellant. It was found that ignition delay time was dependent on the wavelength used for detection, the method of heating, and other environmental factors. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to existing ignition theories, and recommendations are made for further study. (Author).
Download or read book Composite Solid Propellant Ignition Mechanisms written by Larry J. Shannon and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface structures of thermoplastic and elastomeric fuels were found to be markedly different upon exposure to conductive heating from a doubly compressed stagnant gas at oxygen concentrations below those required to cause ignition. The thermoplastic polymers exhibited a molten surface, while the elastomeric fuels showed no visible changes. Vaporization followed by a gas-phase reaction is the probable ignition mechanism for the thermoplastic fuels in the shock tube environment. A gas-solid reaction may occur in the ignition of elastomeric polymers. No general conclusion can be drawn regarding the precise nature of the oxygen-polymer ignition process in the shock tube environment as consideration must be given to the physical structure of the polymer surface. Ignition characteristics of several representative ammonium perchlorate composite propellants were studied using the arc-imaging furnace. The nature of the fuel component was found to have the major influence on the ignition time, and the effect is related to the initial pressure. A model describing composite propellant ignition in a neutral environment was formulated and programmed for computer studies.
Download or read book Crack Propagation and Branching in Burning Solid Propellants and Ignition of Nitramine Based Composite Propellants written by Kenneth K. Kuo and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three major tasks performed during the report period of investigation were: i) crack propagation and branching in burning solid propellants, ii) ignition of nitramine-based composite propellants under rapid pressurization, and iii) ignition of nitramine-based composite propellants by CO2 laser. Propellant samples have been recovered by interrupted burning experiments. Four modes of crack propagation and/or branching were observed. The amount of surface area generated by mixed or branched modes is substantially higher than that of the single crack propagation mode, and thus could cause sufficiently severe burning in the damaged zone to result in rocket motor failure. The crack propagation problem is analyzed through the use of basic physical principles, experimental results, and Schaper's theory of crack propagation. A set of governing dimensionless parameters which control and characterize the degree of damage has been obtained. These parameters can be used to develop guidelines for safe operating conditions of rocket motors. Ignition characteristics of a series of RDX-based composite propellants were studied. The times for the onset of light emission (t sub LE) of different propellants under rapid pressurization were compared. It is also found that propellant samples with shorter t sub LE do not necessarily show higher mass consumption, this indicates that propellant vulnerabilty should be evaluated by both t sub LE and the fraction of mass consumed.
Download or read book Solid Propellant Ignition by Convective Heating written by E. Karl Bastress and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of gas flow characteristics on solid propellant ignition behavior under convective heating. Ignition tests of three composite propellants were conducted in a hot-gas tunnel designed for convective heating experiments. Effects of gas velocity, test chamber configuration, and approach surface material on ignition were observed. It is concluded that ignition is initiated in the gas phase and is influenced by the local temperature and the local concentration of oxidizer decomposition products from upstream portions of the propellant surface. Either temperature or oxidizer concentration may control the time of ignition. When oxidizer concentration is controlling, the test configuration and gas velocity are important parameters. When temperature is controlling, ignition time can be correlated with heating rate alone. However, long propellant samples must be used to obtain meaningful data. Ignition times measured with long propellant samples are considerably lower than those measured with small samples. (Author).
Download or read book Experiments on the Ignition of Composite Solid Propellents written by Philip Laird Cowan and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of the Ignition Process of Composite Solid Propellants in a Small Rocket Motor written by Edwin H. Grant and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
