Download or read book Experimental Test of Genetic Rescue in Isolated Populations of Brook Trout written by Zachary L. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translocations are an important aspect of the management of natural populations in an increasingly fragmented landscape. Maintaining connectivity and gene flow is beneficial for both contemporary fitness and adaptive potential in the face of environmental change. Genetic rescue (GR) can alleviate inbreeding depression, genetic load, and increase adaptive potential of populations. Here, I have translocated 10 (5 of each sex) brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to four geographically proximate and environmentally similar fragmented stream-dwelling populations of brook trout in Virginia to test for genetic rescue. The translocated brook trout contributed to more families than would be expected under neutral introgression, and hybridization resulted consistently in larger full-sibling family sizes. In the cohort immediately following translocation I observed relatively high (>20%) introgression in 3 of the 4 recipient sites, and in one recipient population 57.7 % of the offspring had at least one migrant parent. During the post-translocation period favorable regional climatic conditions resulted in large cohorts across recipient sites and controls, however the percent increase in juvenile abundance scales to initial genetic diversity and patch size. I observe strong evidence of hybrid vigor through consistently larger body sizes of hybrid offspring. At this point I cannot rule out potential negative effects of translocations such as outbreeding depression with out sampling more cohorts following genetic recombination. However, I provide an empirical and replicated foundation to begin assessing the efficacy of GR-motivated translocations for headwater fish conservation, and make a substantial contribution to the growing body of GR-literature.
Download or read book How Does Hybridization Affect Multiple Metrics of Fitness in Fragmented Populations of Brook Trout Under Moderate Climate Warming written by Zachery Wells and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a population’s genetic makeup is often attributed to the combined fitness of its individuals, the adoption of deliberate hybridization practices is an area of interest for many hatchery and conservation programs. Using a common garden experimental design involving eight wild populations of Salvelinus fontinalis (brook trout), we studied how effective population size (Ne), divergence (QST, km), and environmental dissimilarity (pH, temperature) may influence hybridization outcomes for fitness related traits under moderate climate warming. Additionally, we looked at the ability of six of these populations to tolerate acute thermal warming, and whether or not this tolerance could be altered by hybridizing populations. Critical thermal maximum (CTmax) assays were conducted on juveniles from each population to assess thermal tolerance, and agitation temperature (a behavioural metric quantifying temperature at the onset of refugia-seeking behaviour) was recorded for assessing behavioural changes to elevated temperatures. Gametes were collected from different-sized, isolated populations of brook trout, and crossed in the lab. Fitness-related traits were compared between pure and F1 hybrid crosses via common garden experimental design. We had the unique opportunity to jointly investigate how these factors influence multiple metrics of hybrid fitness in wild, isolated, and varyingly-sized populations of a vertebrate species inhabiting a relatively undisturbed environment. Although population size and environmental dissimilarity were found to significantly affect hybrid fitness, these relationships were biologically weak. Although significant differences in CTmax were found between populations, this difference was at most 0.68 °C (29.11-29.79 °C), and no effect of hybridization was seen despite varying thermal regimes between these populations’ wild streams. These results will provide guidance to small population and captive-breeding conservation programs, as the lack of a strong relationship between hybridization and fitness encourages population-specific approach to genetic rescue projects. Additionally, this study highlights the level to which thermal tolerance is conserved between isolated populations of a vertebrate species, in the face of climate warming.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis in a Remote Adirondack Watershed written by Spencer Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Stocking on the Genetic Diversity of Native Brook Trout Salvelinus Frontinalis Populations written by Rodney Michael McAllister and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Among Headwaters Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout written by Jason Vokoun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project to collect information about population fragmentation and gene flow among headwater brook trout populations in Connecticut.
Download or read book Effects of Stocking on Genetics of Wild Brook Trout Populations written by Charles C. Krueger and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neutral and Adaptive Drivers of Genomic Change in Introduced Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis Populations Revealed by Pooled Whole genome Re sequencing written by Brent Brookes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the drivers of successful species invasions is important for conserving native biodiversity and for mitigating the economic impacts of introduced species. However, whole genome resolution investigations of the underlying contributions of neutral and adaptive genetic variation to successful colonization in introduced populations are rare. Increased propagule pressure should result in greater neutral genetic variation, while environmental differences should elicit selective pressures on introduced populations, potentially supporting greater adaptive genetic variation. We investigated neutral and adaptive variation among nine introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations using whole-genome sequencing (28,490,618 SNPs based on pool-seq). The populations inhabit different, isolated lakes in western Canada and descend from a common source, with an average of ~19 (range of 7-41) generations since introduction. We found no evidence of bottleneck events nor strong evidence of purifying selection, and little support that varying propagule pressure or differences in local environments shaped neutral genetic variation. Putative outlier analysis revealed non-convergent patterns of adaptive differentiation among lakes with minimal outlier loci (0.001%-0.15%) which did not correspond with tested environmental variables, despite conditions that should facilitate stronger adaptive differentiation (e.g. abiotic and biotic environmental differences, propagule pressure differences). Our whole genome sequencing analysis provides an example of an introduction success not strongly influenced by genetic variation and suggests that observed differentiation among introduced salmonid populations can be idiosyncratic, population-specific, or stochastic.
Download or read book A Population Genetics Study of Southern Appalachian Brook Trout written by Stanley Zane Guffey and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation and the Genetics of Populations written by Fred W. Allendorf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation and the Genetics of Populations gives acomprehensive overview of the essential background, concepts, andtools needed to understand how genetic information can be used todevelop conservation plans for species threatened withextinction. Provides a thorough understanding of the genetic basis ofbiological problems in conservation. Uses a balance of data and theory, and basic and appliedresearch, with examples taken from both the animal and plantkingdoms. An associated website contains example data sets and softwareprograms to illustrate population genetic processes and methods ofdata analysis. Discussion questions and problems are included at the end ofeach chapter to aid understanding. Features Guest Boxes written by leading people in the fieldincluding James F. Crow, Nancy FitzSimmons, Robert C. Lacy, MichaelW. Nachman, Michael E. Soule, Andrea Taylor, Loren H. Rieseberg,R.C. Vrijenhoek, Lisette Waits, Robin S. Waples and AndrewYoung. Supplementary information designed to support Conservationand the Genetics of Populations including: Downloadable sample chapter Answers to questions and problems Data sets illustrating problems from the book Data analysis software programs Website links An Instructor manual CD-ROM for this title is available. Pleasecontact our Higher Education team at ahref="mailto:[email protected]"[email protected]/afor more information.
Download or read book Population Genetics for Animal Conservation written by Giorgio Bertorelle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrates the power and utility of the synergy between population genetics and conservation biology in animal conservation.
Download or read book Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations written by Julius van der Werf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well as those used in agricultural production. Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use. Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance for production traits but this has often been accompanied by reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions for the improvement or breeding of these resources. This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of the world’s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of these vital issues.
Download or read book Conservation Biology written by Scott P. Carroll and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this book is to encourage and formalize the infusion of evolutionary thinking into mainstream conservation biology. It reviews the evolutionary foundations of conservation issues, and unifies conceptual and empirical advances in evolutionary conservation biology. The book can be used either as a primary textbook or as a supplementary reading in an advanced undergraduate or graduate level course - likely to be called Conservation Biology or in some cases Evolutionary Ecology. The focus of chapters is on current concepts in evolution as they pertain to conservation, and the empirical study of these concepts. The balanced treatment avoids exhaustive reviews and overlapping duplication among the chapters. Little background in genetics is assumed of the reader.
Download or read book The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture emphasizes the sector’s role in achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals, and measurement of progress towards these goals. It notes the particular contributions of inland and small-scale fisheries, and highlights the importance of rights-based governance for equitable and inclusive development. As in past editions, the publication begins with a global analysis of trends in fisheries and aquaculture production, stocks, processing and use, trade and consumption, based on the latest official statistics, along with a review of the status of the world’s fishing fleets and human engagement and governance in the sector. Topics explored in Parts 2 to 4 include aquatic biodiversity; the ecosystem approach to fisheries and to aquaculture; climate change impacts and responses; the sector’s contribution to food security and human nutrition; and issues related to international trade, consumer protection and sustainable value chains. Global developments in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, selected ocean pollution concerns and FAO’s efforts to improve capture fishery data are also discussed. The issue concludes with the outlook for the sector, including projections to 2030. As always, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to- date information to a wide audience, including policy-makers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed all those interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Drives on the Horizon written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-28 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health challenges, including the reduction of poverty and the burden of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, which disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. However, due to their intrinsic qualities of rapid spread and irreversibility, gene drive systems raise many questions with respect to their safety relative to public and environmental health. Because gene drive systems are designed to alter the environments we share in ways that will be hard to anticipate and impossible to completely roll back, questions about the ethics surrounding use of this research are complex and will require very careful exploration. Gene Drives on the Horizon outlines the state of knowledge relative to the science, ethics, public engagement, and risk assessment as they pertain to research directions of gene drive systems and governance of the research process. This report offers principles for responsible practices of gene drive research and related applications for use by investigators, their institutions, the research funders, and regulators.
Download or read book Action Before Extinction written by World Fisheries Trust and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Biology of the Atlantic Salmon written by Tomislav Vladić and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L) is an anadromous species contributing to major fishery catches and comprising a significant part of the aquaculturally produced fish for human consumption. The aim of this book is to incite the interest in the field of knowledge gathered from a broad scope of disciplines that have investigated this fish species. Und
