Download or read book Experimental Study and Numerical Modelling of Lithium ion Battery Thermal Runaway Behaviour written by Mohamad Md Said and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modeling and Experimental Study of Lithium ion Battery Thermal Behavior written by Carlos Felipe Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the popularity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased significantly in recent years, safety concerns due to the high thermal instability of LIBs limit their use in applications with zero tolerance for failure. A safety issue of particular interest is a scenario called thermal runaway in which several exothermic side-reactions occur at elevated temperature ranges and release heat, which can then trigger the next reaction. This matter worsens when multiple cells are installed in close proximity to each other as the released heat from an abused cell can activate the chain of reactions in a neighboring cell, causing an entire module to heat rapidly and vent or ignite. This body of work aims to study LIB thermal behavior using both modeling and experiments to determine design practices that improve the safety of LIB modules. Based on the results of single cell abuse testing, a numerical model of the side-reactions that occur during thermal runaway was developed. The results showed that cell form factor and ambient conditions influence abuse behavior significantly. These abuse tests were extended to multi-cell modules to determine the effect of cell spacing, electrical configuration, and protection materials on the propagation of thermal runaway from an abused cell to a surrounding one. Lastly, an electrochemically coupled thermal model of battery thermal management systems of various configurations was created. An optimum thermal management design was found that utilized both active and passive methods of cooling to keep cell temperatures and thermal gradients within safe limits. The work described herein is expected to provide insight into safe battery design practices. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155326

Download or read book Thermal Management of a Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles written by Khalid Ziat and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery for different charge and discharge currents to apply a passive cooling system using phase change materials (PCM) and to verify its efficiency when used with a module of several batteries. Our study is based on an experimental and a numerical study. A test bench is implemented to charge and discharge the batteries at constant current. A Li-ion battery with a capacity of 60 Ah and a prismatic shape was tested for charge currents ranging between 40A and 60A and discharge currents varying from 40A to 100A. The experimental study carried out on the battery shows that the temperature measured on the positive electrode best represents the temperature of the battery core. Moreover, the measurements of the temperatures and the heat dissipation allowed the determination of the heat transfer coefficient as well as the entropic heat coefficient which were introduced in the proposed numerical model. The numerical study led to the development of two models. A 3D model that allows the determination of the temperature at any point of the battery has been proposed by solving the three-dimensional heat equation using the ADI method. Indeed, the model was used to propose two correlations allowing the prediction of the maximum temperature increase as well as the heat energy generated by the battery for given charge and discharge currents. In addition, the second model is based on the equivalent thermal networks which simplifies the physical problem. The developed models have been validated by comparison with experimental results. Finally, a new Chroma 17020 test bench was installed to experimentally test a module of several batteries tested under dynamic currents determined from normalized driving cycles. The experimental results were compared to the results predicted by the proposed model. Cooling solutions using a microencapsulated INERTEK 32 phase change material are also studied. A method for calculating the mass of PCM to ensure the dissipation of the heat generated by the batteries during operating time is proposed using the developed correlations.

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Lithium ion Power Battery Thermal Management written by Junqiu Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

Download or read book Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems written by Amir Faghri and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering students in a wide variety of engineering disciplines from mechanical and chemical to biomedical and materials engineering must master the principles of transport phenomena as an essential tool in analyzing and designing any system or systems wherein momentum, heat and mass are transferred. This textbook was developed to address that need, with a clear presentation of the fundamentals, ample problem sets to reinforce that knowledge, and tangible examples of how this knowledge is put to use in engineering design. Professional engineers, too, will find this book invaluable as reference for everything from heat exchanger design to chemical processing system design and more. * Develops an understanding of the thermal and physical behavior of multiphase systems with phase change, including microscale and porosity, for practical applications in heat transfer, bioengineering, materials science, nuclear engineering, environmental engineering, process engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology * Brings all three forms of phase change, i.e., liquid vapor, solid liquid and solid vapor, into one volume and describes them from one perspective in the context of fundamental treatment * Presents the generalized integral and differential transport phenomena equations for multi-component multiphase systems in local instance as well as averaging formulations. The molecular approach is also discussed with the connection between microscopic and molecular approaches * Presents basic principles of analyzing transport phenomena in multiphase systems with emphasis on melting, solidification, sublimation, vapor deposition, condensation, evaporation, boiling and two-phase flow heat transfer at the micro and macro levels * Solid/liquid/vapor interfacial phenomena, including the concepts of surface tension, wetting phenomena, disjoining pressure, contact angle, thin films and capillary phenomena, including interfacial balances for mass, species, momentum, and energy for multi-component and multiphase interfaces are discussed * Ample examples and end-of-chapter problems, with Solutions Manual and PowerPoint presentation available to the instructors

Download or read book A Computational Study on the Internal Short Circuit and Thermal Runaway Behavior of Li ion Batteries written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is featured by relatively high energy density and long cycle life, and hence has been widely adopted in the electric vehicle industry. However, many factors including potential overcharge, overheat, collision and internal short circuit, could substantially reduce the performance life time of a Li-ion battery, even lead to severe fire and explosions. Since the performance, life expectancy and safety of the battery directly affect the performance of electric vehicles, an in-depth understanding of battery thermal runaway induced by internal short circuit has essential theorectical significance and practical value for enhanced safety for the battery and the entire vehicle. For the development of Li-ion battery, experimental tests are needed to verify the battery material and structural design and directly reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the materials and structural design. However, these experiments are subject to high cost, long test cycle, and loss of generality due to the case-by-case structure and defect of a battery. Therefore, modeling has become a valuable tool for studying Li-ion batteries. Li-ion batteries and issues related to their thermal management and safety have been attracting extensive research interests. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal abuse model for Li-ion battery thermal runaway and a two-dimensional (2D) electrochemical-thermal model for Li-ion battery internal short circuit are applied to study the performance and safety issues of a Li-ion battery. Firstly, for the 3D thermal abuse model, based on a recent thermal chemistry model, the phenomena of thermal runaway induced by a transient internal heat source are computationally investigated using a 3D model built in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3. Incorporating the anisotropic heat conductivity and typical thermal chemical parameters available from the literature, temperature evolution subject to both heat transfer from an internal source and the activated internal chemical reactions is simulated in detail. This model focuses on the critical runaway behavior with a delay time around 10s. Emphasis has been placed on the critical ignition energy needed to trigger thermal runaway, and the chemical kinetic feature exhibited during the runaway process. Secondly, to further study the transient internal heat source during internal short circuit, eventually triggering thermal runaway, the 2D electrochemical-thermal model for a cell unit is built to analyze the power dissipation from the internal short circuit. In this 2D model, the internal short circuit is induced by metal penetration, which directly connects the positive electrode and the negative electrode across the separator. Key features on the current density, electrical field development, power dissipation and heat release rate have been identified based on fundamentals of electrochemistry. For the future work, it is suggested that these two parts could be connected for a unified model combining thermal abuse and electrochemistry, to fundamentally predict the complex physical-chemical process of thermal runaway induced by the internal short circuit.

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies written by Djourkov Todor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation EITRT 2021 written by Yong Qin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc. The objective of the proceedings is to provide a major interdisciplinary forum for researchers, engineers, academicians, and industrial professionals to present the most innovative research and development in the field of rail transportation electrical and information technologies. Engineers and researchers in academia, industry, and government will also explore an insightful view of the solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines in this field. The volumes serve as an excellent reference work for researchers and graduate students working on rail transportation and electrical and information technologies.

Download or read book Heat Pipe Design and Technology written by Bahman Zohuri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its unique ability to transfer heat over large distances with minimal loss, the heat pipe has emerged as a proven environmentally friendly, energy-saving solution for passive thermal control. However, until recently, the high cost and complex construction use of these marvelous mechanisms has generally limited their use to space technology. Written by a former senior chief scientist at Lockheed who has also worked for Westinghouse and the U.S Air Force, Heat Pipe Design and Technology: A Practical Approach provides a practical study of modern heat pipe engineering in nuclear and solar energy applications, discussing how it can be optimized and made more cost-effective for use on a wider scale. An introduction to operational and design principles, this book explores the use of heat pipes, particularly in high-heat flux applications and in situations in which there is any combination of non-uniform heat loading, limited airflow over the heat generating components, and space or weight constraints. It also discusses design and application of self-controlled, variable-conductance heat pipes for thermal control in spacecraft. Offering a review of heat and mass transfer theory relevant to performance, the book covers issues that can affect successful heat pipe operation, including: Balancing of heat pipe loads Compatibility of materials Operating temperature range Power limitations Thermal resistance Operating orientation With its presentation of mathematical models to calculate heat transfer limitations and temperature gradient of both high- and low-temperature heat pipes, the book compares calculated results with the available experimental data from various sources to increase confidence in existing models. It also explains where and how readers can access helpful interactive computer codes and a series of computer programs developed by the author to support presented data, aid design, and predict performance.

Download or read book Electro thermal Modeling of Lithium ion Batteries written by Maryam Yazdan pour and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and implementation of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, particularly in applications, requires substantial diagnostic and practical modeling efforts to fully understand the thermal characteristics in the batteries across various operating conditions. Thermal modeling prompts the understanding of the battery thermal behavior beyond what is possible from experiments and it provides a basis for exploring thermal management strategies for batteries in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). These models should be sufficiently robust and computationally effective to be favorable for real time applications. The objective of this research is to develop a complete range of modeling approaches, from full numerical to analytical models, as a fast simulation tool for predicting the temperature distribution inside the pouch-type batteries. In the first part of the study, a series of analytical models is proposed to describe distributions of potential and current density in the electrodes along with the temperature field in Li-ion batteries during standard galvanostatic processes. First, a three-dimensional analytical solution is developed for temperature profile inside the Li-ion batteries. The solution is used to describe the special and temporal temperature evolution inside a pouch-type Li-ion cell subjected to the convective cooling at its surfaces. The results are successfully verified with the result of an independent numerical simulation. The solution is also adapted to study the thermal behavior of the prismatic and cylindrical-type nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH) batteries during fast charging processes, which demonstrated the versatility of the model. Afterward, to resolve the interplay of electrical and thermal processes on the heat generation and thermal processes, a closed-form model is developed for the electrical field inside the battery electrodes. The solution is coupled to the transient thermal model through the heat source term (Joulean heat). The results of the proposed multi-physic are validated through comparison with the experimental and numerical studies for standard constant current discharge tests. The model results show that the maximum temperature in the battery arises at the vicinity of the tabs, where the ohmic heat is established as a result of the convergence/divergence of the current streamlines. In the second part of the study, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is developed to simulate the current-voltage characteristics of the battery during transiently changing load profiles. The ECM that is calibrated by a set of characterization tests collected over a wide range of temperature, then coupled with a numerical electro-thermal model. The validated ECM-based model is capable of predicting the time variation of the surface temperature, voltage, and state of charge (SOC) of the battery during different driving cycles and environmentaltemperatures.

Download or read book Electrochemical Power Sources Fundamentals Systems and Applications written by Jürgen Garche and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety of Lithium Batteries describes how best to assure safety during all phases of the life of Lithium ion batteries (production, transport, use, and disposal). About 5 billion Li-ion cells are produced each year, predominantly for use in consumer electronics. This book describes how the high-energy density and outstanding performance of Li-ion batteries will result in a large increase in the production of Li-ion cells for electric drive train vehicle (xEV) and battery energy storage (BES or EES) purposes. The high-energy density of Li battery systems comes with special hazards related to the materials employed in these systems. The manufacturers of cells and batteries have strongly reduced the hazard probability by a number of measures. However, absolute safety of the Li system is not given as multiple incidents in consumer electronics have shown. - Presents the relationship between chemical and structure material properties and cell safety - Relates cell and battery design to safety as well as system operation parameters to safety - Outlines the influences of abuses on safety and the relationship to battery testing - Explores the limitations for transport and storage of cells and batteries - Includes recycling, disposal and second use of lithium ion batteries

Download or read book Investigation Into the Effect of Thermal Management on the Capacity Fade of Lithium ion Batteries written by Andrew Carnovale and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of electric (and hybrid) vehicles has raised the importance of effective thermal management for lithium-ion batteries, both to prevent thermal runaway leading to a fire hazard, and to minimize capacity fade for longer lifetime. In this research, the focus was on the effect of thermal management on the capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries. A battery thermal management system will impact the battery operation through its temperature, thermal gradient and history, as well as the cell-to-cell temperature variations in a battery module. This study employed AutoLionST, a software for the analysis of lithium-ion batteries, to better understand capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries, complemented by the experimental investigation. Experimental capacity fade data for a lithium-ion battery cycled under isothermal, 1C charge/discharge conditions was measured first, which was used to validate the numerical model. Then the software's ability to model degradation at moderate to lower temperatures of around 20°C was investigated with simulation of battery capacity under isothermal conditions for a variety of operating temperatures. The next phase of the study modeled battery capacity fade under a variety of different operating conditions. In the first set of simulations, three different base temperatures, constant discharge rates, and heat transfer coefficients were considered. In the second set of simulations, a fixed-time drive cycle was used as the load case to model a typical day's worth of driving, while varying the base temperature, charge voltage, and heat transfer coefficient. These simulations were repeated considering regenerative braking. It was found that temperature has the largest direct impact on the capacity fade which is expected based on prior sutdies. Further, it was found that thermal management does have a significant impact on capacity fade, as effective thermal management is capable of preventing significant battery temperature rise. As concluded from the constant discharge rate simulations, effective thermal management is most crucial at high discharge rates, which will result in high heat generation. It was also concluded from both constant discharge rate and drive cycle simulations, that thermal management is much more effective at preventing capacity fade at battery temperatures close to 20°C. In the drive cycle simulations, using the same discharge profile, there is a much more significant spread in battery capacity between high and low heat transfer coefficients for a lower base temperature (20°C) compared to higher base temperatures (35°C and 50°C). As well, it was shown that using a lower charge voltage will result in slightly less capacity fade over cycling. Additionally, using regenerative braking makes it more realistic to use lower charge voltages, since the battery pack can be recharged during operation, thereby increasing driving range, while preventing increased capacity fade. The final phase showed that effective thermal management would be even more imperative for more intense and realistic driving styles. It was shown that different driving styles can result in significant rises in heat generation and hence battery temperature. From previous conclusions this implies that much intense driving (high acceleration) can result in a higher need for effective thermal management.

Download or read book Advanced Energy Storage Technologies and Their Applications AESA written by Rui Xiong and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advanced Energy Storage Technologies and Their Applications (AESA)" that was published in Energies

Download or read book Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Lithium ion Battery Cells and Packs for Electric Vehicles written by Satyam Panchal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest challenge in the production of future generation electric and hybrid vehicle (EV and HEV) technology is the control and management of operating temperatures and heat generation. Vehicle performance, reliability and ultimately consumer market adoption are dependent on the successful design of the thermal management system. In addition, accurate battery thermal models capable of predicting the behavior of lithium-ion batteries under various operating conditions are necessary. Therefore, this work presents the thermal characterization of a prismatic lithium-ion battery cell and pack comprised of LiFePO4 electrode material. Thermal characterization is performed via experiments that enable the development of an empirical battery thermal model. This work starts with the design and development of an apparatus to measure the surface temperature profiles, heat flux, and heat generation from a lithium-ion battery cell and pack at different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C and varying operating temperature/boundary conditions (BCs) of 5oC, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C for water cooling and ~22°C for air cooling. For this, a large sized prismatic LiFePO4 battery is cooled by two cold plates and nineteen thermocouples and three heat flux sensors are applied to the battery at distributed locations. The experimental results show that the temperature distribution is greatly affected by both the discharge rate and BCs. The developed experimental facility can be used for the measurement of heat generation from any prismatic battery, regardless of chemistry. In addition, thermal images are obtained at different discharge rates to enable visualization of the temperature distribution. In the second part of the research, an empirical battery thermal model is developed at the above mentioned discharge rates and varying BCs based on the acquired data using a neural network approach. The simulated data from the developed model is validated with experimental data in terms of the discharge temperature, discharge voltage, heat flux profiles, and the rate of heat generation profile. It is noted that the lowest temperature is 7.11°C observed for 1C-5°C and the highest temperature is observed to be 41.11°C at the end of discharge for 4C-35°C for cell level testing. The proposed battery thermal model can be used for any kind of Lithium-ion battery. An example of this use is demonstrated by validating the thermal performance of a realistic drive cycle collected from an EV at different environment temperatures. In the third part of the research, an electrochemical battery thermal model is developed for a large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery under different C-rates. This model is based on the principles of transport phenomena, electrochemistry, and thermodynamics presented by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in x, r, and t. The developed model is validated with an experimental data and IR imaging obtained for this particular battery. It is seen that the surface temperature increases faster at a higher discharge rate and a higher temperature distribution is noted near electrodes. In the fourth part of the research, temperature and velocity contours are studied using a computational approach for mini-channel cold plates used for a water cooled large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery at different C-rates and BCs. Computationally, a high-fidelity turbulence model is also developed using ANSYS Fluent for a mini-channel cold plate, and the simulated data are then validated with the experimental data for temperature profiles. The present results show that increased discharge rates and increased operating temperature results in increased temperature at the cold plates. In the last part of this research, a battery degradation model of a lithium-ion battery, using real world drive cycles collected from an EV, is presented. For this, a data logger is installed in the EV and real world drive cycle data are collected. The vehicle is driven in the province of Ontario, Canada, and several drive cycles were recorded over a three-month period. A Thevenin battery model is developed in MATLAB along with an empirical degradation model. The model is validated in terms of voltage and state of charge (SOC) for all collected drive cycles. The presented model closely estimates the profiles observed in the experimental data. Data collected from the drive cycles show that a 4.60% capacity fade occurred over 3 months of driving.

Download or read book Energy Storage Systems written by V. K. Mathew and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-04 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses generalized applications of energy storage systems using experimental, numerical, analytical, and optimization approaches. The book includes novel and hybrid optimization techniques developed for energy storage systems. It provides a range of applications of energy storage systems on a single platform. The book broadly covers—thermal management of electronic components in portable electronic devices; modeling and optimization aspects of energy storage systems; management of power generation systems involving renewable energy; testing, evaluation, and life cycle assessment of energy storage systems, etc. This book will serve as a reference resource for researchers and practitioners in academia and industry.

Download or read book 4th International Conference on Electronics and Signal Processing written by Seokwon Yeom and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Electronics and Signal Processing (ICESP 2023), which was held in Macau, China during January 13-15, 2023. The book consists of contributions from various authors from both academia and industry, focusing on a diverse aspect of signal processing and information communication systems. The published papers suggest cutting-edge solutions that contribute to the quest for the future applications and communicating systems. The book is a useful reference to research students, research fellows, and scientists and engineers in the corresponding fields.

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Lithium Batteries written by Krishnan S. Hariharan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is unique to be the only one completely dedicated for battery modeling for all components of battery management system (BMS) applications. The contents of this book compliment the multitude of research publications in this domain by providing coherent fundamentals. An explosive market of Li ion batteries has led to aggressive demand for mathematical models for battery management systems (BMS). Researchers from multi-various backgrounds contribute from their respective background, leading to a lateral growth. Risk of this runaway situation is that researchers tend to use an existing method or algorithm without in depth knowledge of the cohesive fundamentals—often misinterpreting the outcome. It is worthy to note that the guiding principles are similar and the lack of clarity impedes a significant advancement. A repeat or even a synopsis of all the applications of battery modeling albeit redundant, would hence be a mammoth task, and cannot be done in a single offering. The authors believe that a pivotal contribution can be made by explaining the fundamentals in a coherent manner. Such an offering would enable researchers from multiple domains appreciate the bedrock principles and forward the frontier. Battery is an electrochemical system, and any level of understanding cannot ellipse this premise. The common thread that needs to run across—from detailed electrochemical models to algorithms used for real time estimation on a microchip—is that it be physics based. Build on this theme, this book has three parts. Each part starts with developing a framework—often invoking basic principles of thermodynamics or transport phenomena—and ends with certain verified real time applications. The first part deals with electrochemical modeling and the second with model order reduction. Objective of a BMS is estimation of state and health, and the third part is dedicated for that. Rules for state observers are derived from a generic Bayesian framework, and health estimation is pursued using machine learning (ML) tools. A distinct component of this book is thorough derivations of the learning rules for the novel ML algorithms. Given the large-scale application of ML in various domains, this segment can be relevant to researchers outside BMS domain as well. The authors hope this offering would satisfy a practicing engineer with a basic perspective, and a budding researcher with essential tools on a comprehensive understanding of BMS models.