Download or read book Shifting Standards written by Allan Franklin and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Shifting Standards, Allan Franklin provides an overview of notable experiments in particle physics. Using papers published in Physical Review, the journal of the American Physical Society, as his basis, Franklin details the experiments themselves, their data collection, the events witnessed, and the interpretation of results. From these papers, he distills the dramatic changes to particle physics experimentation from 1894 through 2009. Franklin develops a framework for his analysis, viewing each example according to exclusion and selection of data; possible experimenter bias; details of the experimental apparatus; size of the data set, apparatus, and number of authors; rates of data taking along with analysis and reduction; distinction between ideal and actual experiments; historical accounts of previous experiments; and personal comments and style. From Millikan's tabletop oil-drop experiment to the Compact Muon Solenoid apparatus measuring approximately 4,000 cubic meters (not including accelerators) and employing over 2,000 authors, Franklin's study follows the decade-by-decade evolution of scale and standards in particle physics experimentation. As he shows, where once there were only one or two collaborators, now it literally takes a village. Similar changes are seen in data collection: in 1909 Millikan's data set took 175 oil drops, of which he used 23 to determine the value of e, the charge of the electron; in contrast, the 1988-1992 E791 experiment using the Collider Detector at Fermilab, investigating the hadroproduction of charm quarks, recorded 20 billion events. As we also see, data collection took a quantum leap in the 1950s with the use of computers. Events are now recorded at rates as of a few hundred per second, and analysis rates have progressed similarly. Employing his epistemology of experimentation, Franklin deconstructs each example to view the arguments offered and the correctness of the results. Overall, he finds that despite the metamorphosis of the process, the role of experimentation has remained remarkably consistent through the years: to test theories and provide factual basis for scientific knowledge, to encourage new theories, and to reveal new phenomenon.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physics of the B Factories written by Adrian Bevan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work thoroughly introduces and reviews the set of results from Belle and BaBar - after more than two decades of independent and complementary work - all the way from the detectors and the analysis tools used, up to the physics results, and the interpretation of these results. The world’s two giant B Factory collaborations, Belle at KEK and BaBar at SLAC, have successfully completed their main mission to discover and quantify CP violation in the decays of B mesons. CP violation is a necessary requirement to distinguish unambiguously between matter and antimatter. The shared primary objective of the two B Factory experiments was to determine the shape of the so-called unitarity triangle, an abstract triangle representing interactions of quarks, the elementary constituents of matter. The area of the triangle is a measure of the amount of CP violation associated with the weak force. Many other measurements have been performed by the B Factories and are also discussed in this work.
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AEC Authorizing Legislation Fiscal Year 1974 written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas A 25 year Insider Story Of The Lhc Experiment written by Peter Jenni and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is written by the ATLAS Collaboration at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC), to document and reflect on its more than 25 years of history. It covers all aspects of this global science project at the forefront of particle physics. The historical part recalls first the early stages of discussions in the community leading to the formation of the collaboration in 1992. In a unique approach, the second part documents the evolution from early detector concepts to the final instrument, covering the technical, financial and human aspects. This includes the phases of construction of detector components in the various institutes around the world as well as their installation and commissioning in the underground cavern at CERN.An important part is devoted to the operation of the whole experiment. The book highlights the capabilities and physics accomplishments so far, including the Higgs boson discovery (jointly announced with CMS). It features the various aspects of a broad spectrum of activities needed to arrive at the physics results. The book includes also an outlook to the detector upgrade activities preparing the experiment for the high-luminosity LHC phase of the next decades. Last but not least, it reveals the human aspects of the large ATLAS community working together pursuing common physics goals.The book is aimed at a broad readership with interest in large science projects and their history, as well as in the human endeavour of a worldwide collaboration.
Download or read book AEC Research and Development Report written by Atomic Energy Commission and published by . This book was released on with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Contracts in the Physical Sciences written by U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Research and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AEC Authorizing Legislation written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Contracts in the Physical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WASH written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hearings and Reports on Atomic Energy written by United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Research Program written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Division of Physical Research and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physical research program consists of fundamental theoretical and experimental investigations designed to support the objectives of ERDA. The program is directed toward discovery of natural laws and new knowledge, and to improved understanding of the physical sciences as related to the development, use, and control of energy. The ultimate goal is to develop a scientific underlay for the overall ERDA effort and the fundamental principles of natural phenomena so that these phenomena may be understood and new principles, formulated. The physical research program is organized into four functional subprograms, high-energy physics, nuclear sciences, materials sciences, and molecular sciences. Approximately four-fifths of the total physical research program costs are associated with research conducted in ERDA-owned, contractor-operated federally funded research and development centers. A little less than one-fifth of the costs are associated with the support of research conducted in other laboratories.
Download or read book CERN Courier written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
