Download or read book Experimental Investigations of the Interaction of Internal Waves and Surface Gravity Waves written by J. E. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean written by Yu.Z. Miropol'sky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph creates a systematic interpretation of the theoretical and the most actual experimental aspects of the internal wave dynamics in the ocean. Firstly, it draws attention to the important physical effects from an oceanographical point of view which are presented in mathematical descriptions. Secondly, the book serves as an introduction to the range of modern ideas and the methods in the study of wave processes in dispersive media. The book is meant for specialists in physics of the ocean, oceanography, geophysics, hydroacoustics.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves written by Bruce R. Sutherland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-02 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of internal gravity waves provides many challenges: they move along interfaces as well as in fully three-dimensional space, at relatively fast temporal and small spatial scales, making them difficult to observe and resolve in weather and climate models. Solving the equations describing their evolution poses various mathematical challenges associated with singular boundary value problems and large amplitude dynamics. This book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the theory for small and large amplitude internal gravity waves. Over 120 schematics, numerical simulations and laboratory images illustrate the theory and mathematical techniques, and 130 exercises enable the reader to apply their understanding of the theory. This is an invaluable single resource for academic researchers and graduate students studying the motion of waves within the atmosphere and ocean, and also mathematicians, physicists and engineers interested in the properties of propagating, growing and breaking waves.
Download or read book Internal Gravity Waves in the Shallow Seas written by Stanisław R. Massel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a comprehensive study of the internal ocean waves, which play a very important role in ocean physics providing mechanisms for ocean water mixing and circulation, as well as the transportation of gases, nutrients, and a very large number of marine organisms in the ocean body. In contrast to surface waves, the literature on internal waves is not so numerous, mainly due to the difficulties in experimental data collection and in the mathematical description of internal wave propagation. In this book, the basic mathematical principles, a physical description of the observed phenomena, and practical theoretical methods of determination of wave parameters as well as the original method of observation using moving sensors are presented. Special attention is paid to internal wave propagation over changing bottom topographies in shallow seas such as the Baltic Sea. The book is supplemented with an extended list of relevant and extended bibliographies, a subject index, and an author index.
Download or read book Dynamics of Internal Gravity Waves in the Ocean written by Yu.Z. Miropol'sky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-04-30 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph creates a systematic interpretation of the theoretical and the most actual experimental aspects of the internal wave dynamics in the ocean. Firstly, it draws attention to the important physical effects from an oceanographical point of view which are presented in mathematical descriptions. Secondly, the book serves as an introduction to the range of modern ideas and the methods in the study of wave processes in dispersive media. The book is meant for specialists in physics of the ocean, oceanography, geophysics, hydroacoustics.
Download or read book Nonlinear Interactions Among Standing Surface and Internal Gravity Waves written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory study has been undertaken to measure the momentum transfer from surface to internal gravity waves in a nonlinear, resonant interaction. The interacting waves form triads for which σ1s - σ2s " σI = 0 and κ1s - κ2s " κI = 0; σj and κj being the frequency and wavenumber of the jth wave. In particular, the experiment is designed to model a generating mechanism for high frequency, oceanic internal waves. Unlike previously published results involving single triplets of interacting waves, all waves here considered are standing waves. The growth to steady state of a resonant internal wave is observed while two deep water surface eigen modes are simultaneously forced by a paddle. Results are compared to theoretical predictions which assume, ab initio, all waves to be standing. Inclusion of viscous side wall dissipation and slight detuning permit predictions of steady state amplitudes and phases as well as initial growth rates. Good agreement is found between predieted and measured amplitudes and phases. The experiments also suggest that the internal wave in a resonant triad can act as a catalyst, permitting appreciable energy transfer among surface waves.
Download or read book Interference and Resonance of Internal Gravity Waves written by Sasan John Ghaemsaidi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal waves are propagating disturbances within stratified fluids, arising from a balance of gravity, buoyancy, and rotation. As well as being of fundamental scientific interest, they are ubiquitous in a variety of forms in the Earth's oceans, where they are responsible for driving vertical mixing. And it is the rule, rather than the exception, that internal waves propagate through a varying background density stratification. We begin by theoretically studying internal waves that are harmonically forced at a horizontal level above a semi-infinite, non-uniform density stratification. Starting with a two-layer model, we identify the existence of resonance peaks and diminution troughs in the wave transmission spectra, and provide physical insight through the application of ray theory. Thereafter, we proceed to consider smoothly varying stratifications, demonstrating that these resonance and diminution features persist beyond simple models. We conclude by considering the relevance of the results to geophysical settings. As an example, we demonstrate that an ocean stratification is inherently tuned to transmit internal wave energy to the deep ocean at specific combinations of wavelength and frequency. Subsequently, we perform a laboratory experimental study of an internal wave field generated by harmonic, spatially-periodic surface forcing of a strongly-stratified, thin upper layer sitting atop a weakly-stratified, deep lower layer. In linear regimes, the energy flux associated with relatively high frequency internal waves is prevented from entering the lower layer by virtue of evanescent decay. In the experiments, however, we find that the development of parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) in the upper layer transfers energy from the forced primary wave into a pair of subharmonic daughter waves, each capable of penetrating the weakly-stratified lower layer. We find that around 10% of the primary wave energy penetrates into the lower layer via this nonlinear wave-wave interaction for the regime we study. With an emphasis on assessing the role of interference in tuning wave transmission, we perform a series of laboratory experiments in order to measure resonance and diminution in the aforementioned non-uniform stratification. We find that the occurrence of destructive interference in the upper stratification layer naturally yields diminution of the transmitted wave. Conversely, constructive interference results in a notable amplification of the wave field over time scales on the order of the forcing period; the development of nonlinear wave-wave interactions due to wave amplification is observed over longer time scales. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental results and a weakly viscous, long wave model of our system within the linear regime. Given the ubiquity of layering in environmental stratifications, an interesting example being double-diffusive staircase structures in the Arctic water column, we furthermore present the results of a joint theoretical and laboratory experimental study investigating the impact of multiple layering on internal wave propagation. We first present results for a simplified model that demonstrates the nontrivial impact of multiple layering. Incident waves of particular length and time scales can experience constructive interference taking place within the alternating stratified and mixed layers, which in turn appreciably enhances wave transmission. Thereafter, utilizing a weakly viscous, linear model that can handle arbitrary vertical stratifications, we perform a comparison of theory with experiments finding excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement. We conclude by applying this model to a case study of a staircase stratification profile obtained from the Arctic Ocean, finding a rich landscape of transmission behavior.
Download or read book Experimental Study of Internal Gravity Waves Over a Slope written by David A. Cacchione and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Propagation of internal gravity waves over a slope in a fluid with constant Brunt-Vaisala frequency was studied in a wave tank. Wave motion in the fluid interior was measured with conductivity probes, and in the boundary layer, with dye streaks and neutrally buoyant particles. Outside the breaking zone, the amplitude and horizontal wave number of high-frequency waves increase linearly with decreasing depth; this is in agreement with existing linear, inviscid solutions. Well upslope, a zone of breaking or runup is produced by the high-frequency waves. If the wave characteristics are closely parallel to the bottom slope, upslope propagation of low-frequency waves produces a line of regularly spaced vortices along the slope, which slowly penetrate into the fluid interior; mixing in these vortices sets up thin horizontal laminae that are more nearly homogeneous than adjacent layers. A criterion for incipient motion of bottom sediment under shoaling internal waves was developed using available theoretical solutions for velocity in the viscous boundary layer, found to be valid for certain experimental conditions. (Author).
Download or read book Coupling of Surface and Internal Gravity Waves A Hamiltonian Model written by Kenneth M. Watson and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of the coupling of linear internal gravity waves and linear surface gravity waves on the ocean is studied using a Hamiltonian formalism and action-angle variables. The dynamic equations are solved both numerically and in some analytic approximations. The results compare favorably with the interaction experiments of Lewis, Lake and Ko the 'resonant triad' experiments of Joyce and some satellite observations of Apel et al. The growth time for internal waves generated by the resonant interaction of surface waves is calculated using the Garrett-Munk ocean model and the Phillips spectrum for surface waves. Energy exchange rates are deduced.
Download or read book Nonlinear Interactions Among Standing Surface and Internal Gravity Waves written by Terrence Michael Joyce and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory study was undertaken to measure the momentum transfer from surface to internal gravity waves in a nonlinear, resonant interaction. The interacting waves form triads for which (Sigma sub is)- (Sigma sub 2S) plus or minus (Sigma subI) = 0 and (Kappa sub is)-(Kappa sub 2S) plus or minus (Kappa sub I) = 0; Sigma sub j and Kappa sub j being the frequency and wavenumber of the jth wave. In particular, the experiment is designed to model a generating mechanism for high frequency, oceanic internal waves. Unlike previously published results involving single triplets of interacting waves, all waves here considered are standing waves. The growth to steady state of a resonant internal wave is observed while two deep water surface eigen modes are simultaneously forced by a paddle. Results are compared to theoretical predictions which assume, ab initio, all waves to be standing. Inclusion of viscous side wall dissipation and slight detuning permit predictions of steady state amplitudes and phases as well as initial growth rates. (Author).
Download or read book Waves on Water of Variable Depth written by Australian Academy of Science and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977-09 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some classical water-wave problems in varying depth -- Linear transport methods for long surface waves in canals, bays and oceans -- Diffraction of gravity waves by ray methods -- Experimental studies of wave refraction -- Summary -- Survey of theoretical research into tsunamis and observations of actual tsunamis in Japan -- Numerical simulation of tsunami generation and propagation in the ocean with a real bathymetry -- Local behaviour of tsunamis -- Cylindrical solitary waves -- Summary -- Shoaling waves : Numerical solution of exact equations -- Wave-wave interactions near the shore -- Surf and run-up -- Laboratory study of a stationary oblique plunging breaker for surfboard testing -- On breaking waves -- Summary -- The dynamics of waves on currents over a weakly varying bed -- Finite-amplitude waves on non-uniform currents -- Triple roots and cusped caustics for surface gravity waves -- Summary -- Ondes internes evanescentes a l'infini dans un milieu liquide stratifie en rotation -- The interaction of surface and internal tides with boundary currents -- Along the strait in thirty six days -- Summary -- Difframon of shelf waves by an irregular coast-line -- The non-linear generation of shelf waves -- Resonance of shelf waves near islands -- Nonlinear aspects of shelf waves and mean currents -- Continental shelf waves in the presence of a sheared geostrophic current -- Generation of shelf waves on the East Australian coast by wind stress -- Long waves on the Southern Ocean.
Download or read book A Study of the Interaction Between Internal Waves and Short Surface Waves written by Hua Wei and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wave Interactions and Fluid Flows written by Alex D. D. Craik and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-07-07 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date and comprehensive account of theory and experiment on wave-interaction phenomena covers fluids both at rest and in their shear flows. It includes, on the one hand, water waves, internal waves, and their evolution, interaction, and associated wave-driven means flow and, on the other hand, phenomena on nonlinear hydrodynamic stability, especially those leading to the onset of turbulence. This study provide a particularly valuable bridge between these two similar, yet different, classes of phenomena. It will be of value to oceanographers, meteorologists, and those working in fluid mechanics, atmospheric and planetary physics, plasma physics, aeronautics, and geophysical and astrophysical fluid dynamics.
Download or read book Interaction of Non saturated Surface Gravity Waves with Internal Waves written by J. Alex Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of surface gravity waves with non-dispersive internal waves is studied by solving the equations of motion in a coordinate system moving with the time independent surface current system induced by the internal wave. A range of surface wavelengths is found which is reflected by the current system (as seen in this coordinate system). In the ocean-fixed frame these waves are identified as waves which interact strongly with the internal waves and exchange energy with it. The effect on the surface wave pattern and the relation to surface slicks are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Internal Gravity Wave Critical Layers written by Donald Brent Altman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Gravity Wave Mean Flow Interactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory observations of gravity wave, critical layer experiments are presented. In the experiments, a stratified shear flow is generated, and internal gravity waves are allowed to propagate into the flow. The waves propagate up to, but no farther than, their critical layer, the depth where the mean flow equals the horizontal phase speed of the wave. Results are presented with one and two internal waves propagating into the flow. Measurements include mean density and velocity profiles, instantaneous density and velocity profiles, shadowgraph observations, Digital Particle Imaging Velocimetry, and Richardson number estimates. The results show that early wavebreaking is Kelvin Helmholtz. Later wavebreaking is characterized by internal mixing regions. With the two wave forcing, the observed late time turbulence is correlated with the internal wave amplitude.
Download or read book Wind Over Wave Couplings written by S. G. Sajjadi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1999-04-29 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most familiar phenomena on the planet, water waves remain an elusive question for science. The way in which wind blows over water and causes waves is a very active area of research for applied mathematicians, as well as for oceanographers and engineers. The basic mechanisms are still a matter of controversy, although the use of modern techniques of asymptotic and non-linear analysis and large-scale computation, as well as experimental structures, are beginning to reveal the underlying mechanics. These studies are resulting in increasingly powerful methods of forecasting waves and of gauging and controlling their effects on such things as sediment, pollution, and offshore structures. This volume covers the wide range of current research on the relationship between wind and waves and includes contributions from many of the leading authorities in the field.
