Download or read book Experimental Investigations of Fluid chemistry Interactions written by Stephen Kiser Marley and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: double flame, flame kernel, vortex, laminar, turbulent, spray combustion.
Download or read book Experimental Investigations of Fluid Chemistry Interactions written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations into the complex interaction between combustion chemistry and the hydrodynamic flow field have been performed in both laminar and turbulent flames. Lifted turbulent spray flames were studied to gain insight into the role of oxidizer entrainment and mixing in the development of double flame structures in polydisperse ethanol sprays. OH Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) has been used to demarcate reaction zone contours, while smoke visualization illuminates the dynamics between entrained oxidizer and the evaporating fuel spray. Results show that the double flame structure consists of an outer diffusion flame with an inner structure that transitions from mixing controlled to partially premixed combustion downstream of the leading edge. Without air co-flow, the inner branch of the double structure burns intermittently with large regions of local extinction often observed, resulting from a high droplet flux and possibly high strain/scalar dissipation rates. Addition of 0.29 m/s co-flow lifts the flame base enough to increase air entrainment and enhance inner zone combustion. The inner zone burns continuously, with no apparent local extinction, due to turbulent mixing between entrained oxidizer and fuel vapor generated by easily vaporized droplets present in the recirculations along the shear layer. The polydisperse spray distribution yields larger droplets which are able to cross the inner reaction zone and vaporize in the hot region bounded by the double flame structure. This region serves as a fuel source to feed both the stable outer diffusion flame and the diffusive structures of the inner zone. In both cases, the flame leading edge stabilizes in the low-speed flow just outside the periphery of the spray cone, where flame propagation against the incoming flow is possible. The second phase of the research analyzed the response of laminar hydrocarbon-air flames to unsteady stretch via flame kernel-vortex interactions. A spark-ignited laminar premi.
Download or read book Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces written by Peter S. Pershan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide for graduate students and researchers on all aspects of x-ray scattering experiments on liquid surfaces and interfaces.
Download or read book Experimental Study of Rock fluid Interfacial Interactions written by Soheil Saraji and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution and multiphase flow of reservoir fluids in porous media are largely controlled by fluids-fluids and rock-fluids interactions. In this study, the rock-fluids interactions are experimentally investigated for two categories of systems representing oil reservoirs and deep saline aquifers in contact with carbon dioxide (CO2). In the first category, the adsorption of surface-active heavy molecules (i.e., asphaltenes) on mineral surfaces in the presence of brine can alter the wettability of reservoir rock towards oil-wet condition. The stability of thin brine films on mineral surfaces and hence the amount of asphaltene adsorption depends on the type of minerals in the rock and the brine chemistry. Although this phenomenon has been extensively studied in quartz systems, there are very limited systematic studies with reactive minerals such as calcite. Therefore, one objective of this research is to investigate the effect of brine chemistry (ion concentration, type, and valency) on the wettability of oil/brine/min- eral systems through dynamic adsorption of asphaltenes on quartz and calcite packs using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Different adsorption trends were observed with quartz and calcite and explained on the basis of the surface forces involved in the stability of thin brine films. In the second category (deep saline aquifers where carbon dioxide is sequestered), the final storage capacity and total amount of capillary-trapped CO2 were affected by the interfacial tension (IFT) between the fluids and the contact angle (CA) between the fluids and the rock mineral surface. There are currently very limited published data on contact angle of CO2/brine/mineral systems. Most of the existing studies were performed at am- bient temperature, under static or quasi-static conditions, and using subcritical CO2 phase without pre-equilibration. Important parameters (such as brine chemistry and impurities in CO2) have not been systematically studied. There are also inconsistencies in reported trends of contact angle versus pressure and temperature. Thus, another objective of this work is to study the effect of pressure, temperature, brine chemistry, and contaminants in CO2 on the wettability of CO2/brine/quartz systems. For this purpose, a new high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) IFT and CA apparatus was developed and validated. The density, IFT, advancing and receding CA of CO2/water/quartz systems were measured under HPHT conditions. Also the effects CO2 phase change, pressure, temperature, brine salinity, and presence of co-contaminants in CO2 phase were investigated. Also, important implications to CO2 sequestration are discussed at the end.
Download or read book Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Fluid surface Interaction written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geofluids written by Vratislav Hurai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There’s been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria. Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined
Download or read book Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Interaction of Free surface Waves on Liquid Metals with Transverse Magnetic Fields one dimensional Unsteady Waves written by Vernon J. Rossow and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Study of Fluid structure Interactions on a Generic Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy written by Frances M. Ross and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2.6.2 Electrodes for Electrochemistry
Download or read book Computer Simulation Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Fluids in Micropores written by Shaoyi Jiang and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry at Extreme Conditions written by M.R. Manaa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-02 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry at Extreme Conditions covers those chemical processes that occur in the pressure regime of 0.5–200 GPa and temperature range of 500–5000 K and includes such varied phenomena as comet collisions, synthesis of super-hard materials, detonation and combustion of energetic materials, and organic conversions in the interior of planets. The book provides an insight into this active and exciting field of research. Written by top researchers in the field, the book covers state of the art experimental advances in high-pressure technology, from shock physics to laser-heating techniques to study the nature of the chemical bond in transient processes. The chapters have been conventionally organised into four broad themes of applications: biological and bioinorganic systems; Experimental works on the transformations in small molecular systems; Theoretical methods and computational modeling of shock-compressed materials; and experimental and computational approaches in energetic materials research. * Extremely practical book containing up-to-date research in high-pressure science * Includes chapters on recent advances in computer modelling* Review articles can be used as reference guide
Download or read book Experimental and Computational Study of Fluid Dynamics combustion Coupling in a Diffusion Flame vortex Ring Interaction written by Shin-Juh Chen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solid liquid Interaction in Ionanofluids Experiments and Molecular Simulation written by João França and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main areas of research in chemistry and chemical engineering involves the use of ionic liquids and nanomaterials as alternatives to many chemical products and chemical processes, as the latter are currently considered to be environmentally non-friendly. Their possible use as new heat transfer fluids and heat storage materials, which can obey to most principles of green chemistry or green processing, requires the experimental and theoretical study of the heat transfer mechanisms in complex fluids, like the ionanofluids.It was the purpose of this dissertation to study ionanofluids, which consist on the dispersion of nanomaterials in an ionic liquid.The first objective of this work was to measure thermophysical properties of ionic liquids and ionanofluids, namely thermal conductivity, viscosity, density and heat capacity in a temperature range between -10 e 150 oC and at atmospherical pressure. In this sense, the thermophysical properties of a considerable set of ionic liquids and ionanofluids were measured, with particular emphasis on the thermal conductivity of the fluids. The ionic liquids studied were [C2mim][EtSO4], [C4mim][(CF3SO2)2N], [C2mim][N(CN)2], [C4mim][N(CN)2], [C4mpyr][N(CN)2], [C2mim][SCN], [C4mim][SCN], [C2mim][C(CN)3], [C4mim][C(CN)3], [P66614][N(CN)2], [P66614][Br] and their suspensions with 0.5% and 1% w/w of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results obtained show that there is a substantial enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the base fluid due to the suspension of the nanomaterial, considering both mass fractions. However, the enhancement varies significantly when considering different base ionic liquids, with a range between 2 to 30%, with increasing temperature. This fact makes it more difficult to unify the obtained information in order to obtain a model that allows predicting the enhancement of the thermal conductivity. Current models used to calculate the thermal conductivity of nanofluids present values that are considerably underestimated when compared to the experimental ones, somewhat due to the considerations on the role of the solid-liquid interface on heat transport.Considering density, the impact from the addition of MWCNTs on the base fluid's density is very low, ranging between 0.25% and 0.5% for 0.5% w/w and 1% w/w MWCNTs, respectively. This was fairly expected and is due to the considerable difference in density between both types of materials. However, viscosity was the property for which the highest values of enhancement were verified, ranging between 28 and 245% in both mass fractions of MWCNTs. The heat capacity was the only of the four properties mentioned above not to be studied in this work due to technical issues with the calorimeter to be used. Nevertheless, the amount of data collected on the remainder thermophysical properties was extensive. It is believed that the latter contributes meaningfully to a growing database of ionic liquids and ionanofluids' properties, while providing insight on the variation of said properties obtained from the suspension of MWCNTs in ionic liquids.The second objective of this work consisted on the development of molecular interaction models between ionic liquids and highly conductive nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets. These models were constructed based on quantum calculations of the interaction energy between the ions and a cluster, providing interaction potentials. Once these models were obtained, a second stage on this computational approach entailed to simulate, by Molecular Dynamics methods, the interface nanomaterial/ionic liquid, in order to understand the specific interparticle/molecular interactions and their contribution to the heat transfer. This would allow to study both structural properties, such as the ordering of the ionic fluid at the interface, and dynamic ones, such as residence times and diffusion. (...).
Download or read book Liquid Crystals written by Satyen Kumar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 book provides hands-on details of several important techniques for the study of liquid crystals.
Download or read book Micro and Nanoflows written by Valery Ya. Rudyak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes physical, mathematical and experimental methods to model flows in micro- and nanofluidic devices. It takes in consideration flows in channels with a characteristic size between several hundreds of micrometers to several nanometers. Methods based on solving kinetic equations, coupled kinetic-hydrodynamic description, and molecular dynamics method are used. Based on detailed measurements of pressure distributions along the straight and bent microchannels, the hydraulic resistance coefficients are refined. Flows of disperse fluids (including disperse nanofluids) are considered in detail. Results of hydrodynamic modeling of the simplest micromixers are reported. Mixing of fluids in a Y-type and T-type micromixers is considered. The authors present a systematic study of jet flows, jets structure and laminar-turbulent transition. The influence of sound on the microjet structure is considered. New phenomena associated with turbulization and relaminarization of the mixing layer of microjets are discussed. Based on the conducted experimental investigations, the authors propose a chart of microjet flow regimes. When addressing the modeling of microflows of nanofluids, the authors show where conventional hydrodynamic approaches can be applied and where more complicated models are needed, and they analyze the hydrodynamic stability of the nanofluid flows. The last part of the book is devoted the statistical theory of the transport processes in fluids under confined conditions. The authors present the constitutive relations and the formulas for transport coefficients. In conclusion the authors present a rigorous analysis of the viscosity and diffusion in nanochannels and in porous media.
Download or read book Physics of Liquid Matter written by Paola Gallo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a didactic and a self-contained treatment of the physics of liquid and flowing matter with a statistical mechanics approach. Experimental and theoretical methods that were developed to study fluids are now frequently applied to a number of more complex systems generically referred to as soft matter. As for simple liquids, also for complex fluids it is important to understand how their macroscopic behavior is determined by the interactions between the component units. Moreover, in recent years new and relevant insights have emerged from the study of anomalous phases and metastable states of matter. In addition to the traditional topics concerning fluids in normal conditions, the authors of this book discuss recent developments in the field of disordered systems in condensed and soft matter. In particular they emphasize computer simulation techniques that are used in the study of soft matter and the theories and study of slow glassy dynamics. For these reasons the book includes a specific chapter about metastability, supercooled liquids and glass transition. The book is written for graduate students and active researchers in the field.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
