Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamics Combustion and Emissions Characteristics Within the Primary Zone of a Gas Turbine Combustor written by Ahmed Mostafa Elkady and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work investigates pollutant emissions production, mainly nitric oxides and carbon monoxide, within the primary zone of a highly swirling combustion and methods with which to reduce their formation. A baseline study was executed at different equivalence ratios and different inlet air temperatures. The study was then extended to investigate the effects of utilizing transverse air jets on pollutant emission characteristics at different jet locations, jet mass ratio, and overall equivalence ratio as well as to investigate the jets' overall interactions with the recirculation zone. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was employed to measure emissions concentrations generated during combustion of Jet-A fuel in a swirl-cup assembly. Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was employed to investigate the mean flow aerodynamics within the combustor. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was utilized to capture the instantaneous aerodynamic behavior of the non-reacting primary zone. Results illustrate that NOx production is a function of both the recirculation zone and the flame length. At low overall equivalence ratios, the recirculation zone is found to be the main producer of NOx. At near stoichiometric conditions, the post recirculation zone appears to be responsible for the majority of NOx produced. Results reveal the possibility of injecting air into the recirculation zone without altering flame stability to improve emission characteristics. Depending on the jet location and strength, nitric oxides as well as carbon monoxide can be reduced simultaneously. Placing the primary air jet just downstream of the fuel rich recirculation zone can lead to a significant reduction in both nitric oxides and carbon monoxide. In the case of fuel lean recirculation zone, reduction of nitric oxides can occur by placing the jets below the location of maximum radius of the recirculation zone.
Download or read book Single Annular Combustor written by Bassam Abd El-Nabi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work investigates the aerodynamics, dynamics and emissions of a Single Cup Combustor Sector. The Combustor resembles a real Gas Turbine Combustor with primary, secondary and dilution zones (also known as fuel rich dome combustor). The primary jets considerably contribute to the heat release process at high power conditions. Also, the primary jets drastically impact the flow field structure. Therefore, the parameters influencing the primary jets are studied using PIV (pressure drop, jets size, off-centering, interaction with convective cooling air, jet blockage and fuel injection). This study is referred to as a jet sensitivity study. The results indicate that the primary jets can be used effectively in controlling the flow field structure. A pressure drop of 4.3% and 7.6% result in similar flows with no noticeable effect on the size of the CRZ and the four jets wake regions. On the other hand, the results show that the primary jets are very sensitive to perturbations. The cooling air interacts with the primary jet and influences the flow field although the momentum ratio has an order of magnitude of 100:1. The results also show that the big primary jets dictate the flow field in the primary zone as well as the secondary zone. However, relatively smaller jets mainly impact the primary zone. Also, the results point to the presence of a critical jet diameter beyond which the dilution jets have minimum impact on the secondary region. The jet off-centering shows significant effect on the flow field though it is on the order of 1.0 mm. The jet sensitivity study provides the combustion engineers with useful methods to control the flow field structure, an explanation for observed flow structure under different conditions and predictable flow field behavior with engine aging. All results obtained from the jet sensitivity study could be explained in terms of jet opposition. Hence, similar results are expected under reacting conditions. The combustion instabilities are studied using a microphone, high speed camera and regular cameras. The frequency spectrum for the sector is established at different pressure drops (2, 4 and 6%) as well as different pre-heat temperatures (200, 400 and 600F). The acoustic spectrum suggests that there are three frequencies of concern (280, 400 and 600 HZ). The high frequency appears to be related to the combustor 1/4 longitudinal wave. The 280 Hz is due to a rotating instability while the 400 Hz is related to the primary jets. The emissions emanating from the combustor are studied using FTIR at pressure drop of 4% and different power conditions. The sector emissions characteristics are determined. Water injection is also used to control the pollutant emissions. Water fuel ratio of 100% and 50% results in a corresponding reduction in the NOx concentration with 50% and 22%. No noticeable effects are observed on the NOx and CO at low power conditions. A high degree of homogeneity in the emissions contours is observed at the combustor exit at low power conditions. However, this homogeneity is noticeably reduced at high power conditions.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamics and Combustion Properties of a Multiple swirler Array written by Yi-Huan Kao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An annular combustor is one of the popular configurations of a modern gas turbine combustor. Since the swirlers are arranged as side-by-side in an annular combustor, the swirling flow interaction should be considered for the design of an annular gas turbine combustor. The focus of this dissertation is to investigate the aerodynamics and the combustion of a multiple-swirler array which features the swirling flow interaction. A coaxial counter-rotating radial-radial swirler was used in this work. The effects of confinement and dome recession on the flow field of a single swirler were conducted for understanding the aerodynamic characteristic of this swirler. The flow pattern generated by single swirler, 3-swirler array, and 5-swirler array were evaluated. As a result, the 5-swirler array was utilized in the remaining of this work. The effects of inter-swirler spacing, alignment of swirler, end wall distance, and the presence of confinement on the flow field generated by a 5-swirler array were investigated. A benchmark of aerodynamics performance was established. A phenomenological description was proposed to explain the periodically non-uniform flow pattern of a 5-swirler array. The non-reacting spray distribution measurements were following for understanding the effect of swirling flow interaction on the spray distribution issued out by a 5-swirler array. The spray distribution from a single swirler/ fuel nozzle was measured and treated as a reference. The spray distribution from a 5-swriler array was periodically non-uniform and somehow similar to what observed in the aerodynamic result. The inter-swirler spacing altered not only the topology of aerodynamics but also the flame shape of a 5-swirler array. As a result, the distribution of flame shape strongly depends on the inter-swirler spacing.
Download or read book 2023 the 7th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Science written by Jianping Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book dedicates to publish exceptionally important and high-quality, agenda-setting research so as to tackle the key global and societal challenges of ensuring the provision of energy and protecting our environment for the future. The book appeals to chemical scientists, chemical and process engineers, energy researchers, bio-scientists, and environmental scientists from across academia, industry, and government. The scope is intentionally broad, and the book recognizes the complexity of issues and challenges relating to energy conversion and storage, alternative fuel technologies, and environmental science. The main topics of this book include but not limit to (1) alternative energy and the environment, (2) assessments of the condition of ecosystems and environmental quality, (3) behavior of and impacts of pollutants in atmosphere, soil, and water, (4) management of ecosystems, environment, and water resources, (5) modeling and regional environmental assessments (includes global change), (6) treatment/restoration of ecosystems, environment, and water resources, and (7) sustainable/renewable energy. All scales of studies and analysis, from impactful fundamental advances to interdisciplinary research across the (bio)chemical, (bio/geo) physical sciences, and chemical engineering disciplines are welcomed. So, this book is linked to the energy-environment nexus and is of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership.
Download or read book Aero Engine Combustor Casing written by Sashi Kanta Panigrahi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is focused on theoretical and experimental investigation aimed at detecting and selecting proper information related to the fundamental aspect of combustion casing design,performance and life evaluation parameters. A rational approach has been adopted to the analysis domain underlying the complexities of the process.
Download or read book An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Gas Turbine Research Combustor written by Reuben Montresor Morris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbine engineering faces many challenges in the constant strive to increase not only the efficiency of engines but also the various stages of development and design. Development of combustors have primarily consisted of empirical or semi-empirical modelling combined with experimental investigations. Due to the associated costs and development time a need exists for an alternative method of development. Although experimental investigations can never be substituted completely, mathematical models incorporating numerical methods have shown to be an attractive alternative to conventional combustor design methods. The purpose of this study is twofold: firstly, to experimentally investigate the physical properties associated with a research combustor that is geometrically representative of practical combustors: and secondly, to use the experimental measurements for the validation of a computational fluids dynamic model that was developed to simulate the research combustor using a commercial code. The combustor was tested at atmospheric conditions and is representative of practical combustors that are characterized by a turbulent, three-dimensional flow field. The single can combustor is divided into a primary, secondary and dilution zone, incorporating film cooling air through stacked rings and an axial swirler centred around the fuel atomizer. Measurements at different air/fuel ratios captured the thermal field during operating conditions and consisted of inside gas, liner wall and exit gas temperatures. An investigation of the different combustion models available, led to the implementation of the presumed-PDF model of unpremixed turbulent reaction. The computational grid included the external and internal flow field with velocity boundary conditions prescribed at the various inlets. Two-phase flow was not accounted for with the assumption made that the liquid fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber in a gas phase. Experimental results showed that incomplete combustion occurs in the primary zone, thereby reducing the overall efficiency. Also evident from the results obtained are the incorrect flow splits at the various inlets. Evaluation of the numerical model showed that gas temperatures inside the combustor are overpredicted. However, the numerical model is capable of capturing the correct distributions of temperatures and trends obtained experimentally. This study is successful in capturing detail temperature measurements that will be used for validation purposes to assist the development of a numerical model that can accurately predict combustion properties.
Download or read book TECHNICAL REPORT AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A COMBUSTOR FOR AN EXPLOSION CYCLE GAS TURBINE written by D.E. ROGERS, P.O. HATS, and published by . This book was released on with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA SP written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High altitude Performance of 9 5 inch diameter Tubular Experimental Combustor with Fuel Staging written by Wilfred E. Scull and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inventory of Federal Energy related Environment and Safety Research for FY 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inventory of Federal Energy related Environment and Safety Research for FY 1978 Project listings and indexes written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flow Combustion and Emissions Characteristics of Lean Primary Zone Gas Turbine Combustors written by Tholudin Mat Lazim and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Primary Jets in the Dome Region Aerodynamics of a Model Can Combustor written by Cecilia Dianne Richards and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the primary jets in the aerothermal behavior and overall performance of a gas turbine combustor is explored through an experimental study. The study is performed in a model laboratory combustor that possesses the essential features of practical combustors. The test bed is designed to accommodate optical access for laser diagnostics and overall flow visualization, and is capable of incorporating variable inlet geometries. In the present case, the combustor is operated on JP-4 at atmospheric pressure. A parametric variation in the number of jets per row and axial location of the jet row is performed. The aerodynamic and thermal fields are characterized using laser anemometry and a thermocouple probe, respectively. Species concentrations are acquired via extractive probe sampling. The results demonstrate the importance of primary jet location with respect to the dome swirler. The percent mass recirculated into the dome region, as well as the overall uniformity of mixing and combustion efficiency, are substantially influenced by jet row location. The momentum ratio of the incoming primary jet stream to that of the approaching crossflow of reacting dome gases has a direct impact on the mixing patterns as well. An increase in the number of primary jets leads, in the present case, to more uniform mixing.
Download or read book Aeronautical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA)
Download or read book Handbook of Fluid Dynamics written by Richard W. Johnson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Fluid Dynamics offers balanced coverage of the three traditional areas of fluid dynamics—theoretical, computational, and experimental—complete with valuable appendices presenting the mathematics of fluid dynamics, tables of dimensionless numbers, and tables of the properties of gases and vapors. Each chapter introduces a different fluid dynamics topic, discusses the pertinent issues, outlines proven techniques for addressing those issues, and supplies useful references for further research. Covering all major aspects of classical and modern fluid dynamics, this fully updated Second Edition: Reflects the latest fluid dynamics research and engineering applications Includes new sections on emerging fields, most notably micro- and nanofluidics Surveys the range of numerical and computational methods used in fluid dynamics analysis and design Expands the scope of a number of contemporary topics by incorporating new experimental methods, more numerical approaches, and additional areas for the application of fluid dynamics Handbook of Fluid Dynamics, Second Edition provides an indispensable resource for professionals entering the field of fluid dynamics. The book also enables experts specialized in areas outside fluid dynamics to become familiar with the field.
Download or read book NASA Scientific and Technical Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
