Download or read book Experimental Investigation and Modeling of the Thermal Behavior of Intelligent Battery Cells and Modules Under Electric Vehicle Conditions written by Jan Kleiner and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Lithium ion Battery Cells and Packs for Electric Vehicles written by Satyam Panchal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The greatest challenge in the production of future generation electric and hybrid vehicle (EV and HEV) technology is the control and management of operating temperatures and heat generation. Vehicle performance, reliability and ultimately consumer market adoption are dependent on the successful design of the thermal management system. In addition, accurate battery thermal models capable of predicting the behavior of lithium-ion batteries under various operating conditions are necessary. Therefore, this work presents the thermal characterization of a prismatic lithium-ion battery cell and pack comprised of LiFePO4 electrode material. Thermal characterization is performed via experiments that enable the development of an empirical battery thermal model. This work starts with the design and development of an apparatus to measure the surface temperature profiles, heat flux, and heat generation from a lithium-ion battery cell and pack at different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C and varying operating temperature/boundary conditions (BCs) of 5oC, 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C for water cooling and ~22°C for air cooling. For this, a large sized prismatic LiFePO4 battery is cooled by two cold plates and nineteen thermocouples and three heat flux sensors are applied to the battery at distributed locations. The experimental results show that the temperature distribution is greatly affected by both the discharge rate and BCs. The developed experimental facility can be used for the measurement of heat generation from any prismatic battery, regardless of chemistry. In addition, thermal images are obtained at different discharge rates to enable visualization of the temperature distribution. In the second part of the research, an empirical battery thermal model is developed at the above mentioned discharge rates and varying BCs based on the acquired data using a neural network approach. The simulated data from the developed model is validated with experimental data in terms of the discharge temperature, discharge voltage, heat flux profiles, and the rate of heat generation profile. It is noted that the lowest temperature is 7.11°C observed for 1C-5°C and the highest temperature is observed to be 41.11°C at the end of discharge for 4C-35°C for cell level testing. The proposed battery thermal model can be used for any kind of Lithium-ion battery. An example of this use is demonstrated by validating the thermal performance of a realistic drive cycle collected from an EV at different environment temperatures. In the third part of the research, an electrochemical battery thermal model is developed for a large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery under different C-rates. This model is based on the principles of transport phenomena, electrochemistry, and thermodynamics presented by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in x, r, and t. The developed model is validated with an experimental data and IR imaging obtained for this particular battery. It is seen that the surface temperature increases faster at a higher discharge rate and a higher temperature distribution is noted near electrodes. In the fourth part of the research, temperature and velocity contours are studied using a computational approach for mini-channel cold plates used for a water cooled large sized prismatic lithium-ion battery at different C-rates and BCs. Computationally, a high-fidelity turbulence model is also developed using ANSYS Fluent for a mini-channel cold plate, and the simulated data are then validated with the experimental data for temperature profiles. The present results show that increased discharge rates and increased operating temperature results in increased temperature at the cold plates. In the last part of this research, a battery degradation model of a lithium-ion battery, using real world drive cycles collected from an EV, is presented. For this, a data logger is installed in the EV and real world drive cycle data are collected. The vehicle is driven in the province of Ontario, Canada, and several drive cycles were recorded over a three-month period. A Thevenin battery model is developed in MATLAB along with an empirical degradation model. The model is validated in terms of voltage and state of charge (SOC) for all collected drive cycles. The presented model closely estimates the profiles observed in the experimental data. Data collected from the drive cycles show that a 4.60% capacity fade occurred over 3 months of driving.

Download or read book Modeling and Experimental Study of Lithium ion Battery Thermal Behavior written by Carlos Felipe Lopez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the popularity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased significantly in recent years, safety concerns due to the high thermal instability of LIBs limit their use in applications with zero tolerance for failure. A safety issue of particular interest is a scenario called thermal runaway in which several exothermic side-reactions occur at elevated temperature ranges and release heat, which can then trigger the next reaction. This matter worsens when multiple cells are installed in close proximity to each other as the released heat from an abused cell can activate the chain of reactions in a neighboring cell, causing an entire module to heat rapidly and vent or ignite. This body of work aims to study LIB thermal behavior using both modeling and experiments to determine design practices that improve the safety of LIB modules. Based on the results of single cell abuse testing, a numerical model of the side-reactions that occur during thermal runaway was developed. The results showed that cell form factor and ambient conditions influence abuse behavior significantly. These abuse tests were extended to multi-cell modules to determine the effect of cell spacing, electrical configuration, and protection materials on the propagation of thermal runaway from an abused cell to a surrounding one. Lastly, an electrochemically coupled thermal model of battery thermal management systems of various configurations was created. An optimum thermal management design was found that utilized both active and passive methods of cooling to keep cell temperatures and thermal gradients within safe limits. The work described herein is expected to provide insight into safe battery design practices. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155326

Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Lithium ion Power Battery Thermal Management written by Junqiu Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the thermal management technology of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles. It introduces the charging and discharging temperature characteristics of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles, the method for modeling heat generation of lithium-ion batteries, experimental research and simulation on air-cooled and liquid-cooled heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium-ion battery heating method based on PTC and wide-line metal film, self-heating using sinusoidal alternating current. This book is mainly for practitioners in the new energy vehicle industry, and it is suitable for reading and reference by researchers and engineering technicians in related fields such as new energy vehicles, thermal management and batteries. It can also be used as a reference book for undergraduates and graduate students in energy and power, electric vehicles, batteries and other related majors.

Download or read book Modeling of Lithium ion Battery Performance and Thermal Behavior in Electrified Vehicles written by Ehsan Samadani and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electric vehicles (EVs) have received significant attention over the past few years as a sustainable and efficient green transportation alternative. However, severe challenges, such as range anxiety, battery cost, and safety, hinder EV market expansion. A practical means to reduce these barriers is to improve the design of the battery management system (BMS) to accurately estimate the battery state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) in addition to communicating with other powertrain components. Along with a robust estimation strategy, a critical requirement in developing an efficient BMS is a high fidelity battery model to predict the battery voltage, SOC, and heat generation profile at various temperature and power demands. Such a model should also be able to capture battery degradation, which is a path-dependent parameter that affects the battery performance in terms of output voltage, power capability and heat generation. In this thesis, the Li-ion battery, a proven technology for electrified vehicles, is studied under different operation scenarios on a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV). The following steps have been accomplished: 1- Development of a data-driven battery thermal model: A set of thermal characterization tests are conducted on Li-ion cells. Heat generation profiles of each battery are driven for a set of operating points including various ambient temperatures, states of charge (SOCs) and load profiles. A regression model is developed accordingly which is able to accurately predict the battery temperature during a driving or charging event. The model shows an average error of 4% in temperature predictions. 2- Development of a data-driven battery performance model for real-time on-board applications: An equivalent circuit model is developed based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. This model can precisely predict the battery operating voltage under various operating conditions. An overall 6% improvement is observed in voltage prediction compared to common models in the literature. Results also show, depending on the powertrain designer expected accuracy, that this model can be used to predict the battery internal resistance obtained from hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests. 3- Battery degradation studies through field tests: An electrified Ford Escape vehicle is tested through random and controlled driving and charging events and battery data is collected and analyzed to identify trends of degradation including capacity fade and power fade. A battery life model is recalibrated based on the measured battery capacities over the field test period. Although, data shortage and technical issues prevented this study from meeting its targeted scope, the presented analysis provides a pathway for future research. 4- Battery lifetime modeling: fuel consumption, all-electric range and battery capacity loss are simulated under various scenarios including different climate control loads, ambient conditions, powertrain architectures and battery preconditioning. To simulate the climate control loads impact, a vehicle cabin thermal model is developed that incorporates the ambient conditions to predict the temperature profile of the cabin and the cooling/heating load required to regulate the temperature. Accordingly, this load is translated into additional load on the battery, which enables assessment of its impacts on the battery life, fuel consumption and vehicle range.

Download or read book Parameter Identification Methodology for Thermal Modeling of Li ion Batteries written by Yatin Khanna and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major shift in the mobility industry towards electric vehicles requires the development of safer energy storage systems (ESS). Li-ion ESS has been at the forefront of automotive, aerospace, and stationary ESS for power backup applications, albeit it suffers from thermal instability issues, which prompts investigation into the thermal behavior of these systems. Thermal modeling of Li-ion batteries is an essential practice to understand the mechanisms behind heat generation and distribution, and cognizance of the thermal behavior is crucial to developing safer Li-ion batteries and optimal thermal management solutions. However, one of the most significant challenges associated with developing thermal models is parameter identification due to the unique layered construction of a Li-ion cell. The simplest thermal model for a Li-ion battery can require the identification of ten or more unknown parameters. The accuracy of the model depends on the accuracy of the parameter identification process. Thermal models also require electrical models to predict heat generation in the cell, which requires a plethora of unknown parameters to be identified to simulate the electrical behavior of the cell. The overall accuracy of predicted temperature and thermal distribution is dependent on the accuracy of both the electrical and thermal models. The parameter identification for thermal modeling requires extensive experimentation, with its challenges, such as heat propagation to the experimental setup and power cables connecting the cell to the battery cycler. The goal of the research presented in this thesis is to develop an innovative experimental setup, test procedures, and calibration strategy for a lumped-parameter thermal model with the aim of accurately estimating the temperature of the cell and the cell tabs. The research aims at developing a test bench capable of minimizing the heat transfer from the cell to the power cables and the ambient. Two thermal experiments with different boundary conditions are designed that use the test bench for parameter identification and calibration. Finally, the parameters are validated using a standardized duty cycle. An equivalent circuit model is used in the study to estimate the electrical behavior of the cell. The test bench, experiments, and parameter identification, calibration, and validation process developed in the thesis can be used for the thermal characterization of Li-ion cells.

Download or read book Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems written by Ibrahim Din¿er and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides a thorough examination of various conventional and cutting edge electric vehicle (EV) battery thermal management systems (including phase change material) that are currently used in the industry as well as being proposed for future EV batteries. It covers how to select the right thermal management design, configuration and parameters for the users’ battery chemistry, applications and operating conditions, and provides guidance on the setup, instrumentation and operation of their thermal management systems (TMS) in the most efficient and effective manner. This book provides the reader with the necessary information to develop a capable battery TMS that can keep the cells operating within the ideal operating temperature ranges and uniformities, while minimizing the associated energy consumption, cost and environmental impact. The procedures used are explained step-by-step, and generic and widely used parameters are utilized as much as possible to enable the reader to incorporate the conducted analyses to the systems they are working on. Also included are comprehensive thermodynamic modelling and analyses of TMSs as well as databanks of component costs and environmental impacts, which can be useful for providing new ideas on improving vehicle designs. Key features: Discusses traditional and cutting edge technologies as well as research directions Covers thermal management systems and their selection for different vehicles and applications Includes case studies and practical examples from the industry Covers thermodynamic analyses and assessment methods, including those based on energy and exergy, as well as exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental and enviroeconomic techniques Accompanied by a website hosting codes, models, and economic and environmental databases as well as various related information Thermal Management of Electric Vehicle Battery Systems is a unique book on electric vehicle thermal management systems for researchers and practitioners in industry, and is also a suitable textbook for senior-level undergraduate and graduate courses.

Download or read book Electrochemical thermal Modeling of Lithium ion Batteries written by Mehrdad Mastali Majdabadi Kohneh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporating lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries as an energy storage system in electric devices including electric vehicles brings about new challenges. In fact, the design of Li-ion batteries has to be optimized depending on each application specifications to improve the performance and safety of battery operation under each application and at the same time prevent the batteries from quick degradation. As a result, accurate models capable of predicting the behavior of Li-ion batteries under various operating conditions are necessary. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop a battery model that includes thermal heating and is suitable for large-sized prismatic cells used in electric vehicles. This works starts with developing a dual-extended Kalman filter based on an equivalent circuit model for the battery. The dual-extended Kalman filter simultaneously estimates the dynamic internal resistance and state of the charge of the battery. However, the estimated parameters are only the fitted values to the experimental data and may be non-physical. In addition, this filter is only valid for the operating conditions that it is validated against via experimental data. To overcome these issues, physics-based electrochemical models for Li-ion batteries are subsequently considered. One drawback of physics-based models is their high computational cost. In this work, two simplified one-dimensional physics-based models capable of predicting the output voltage of coin cells with less than 2.5% maximum error compared to the full-order model are developed. These models reduce the simulation computational time more than one order of magnitude. In addition to computational time, the accuracy of the physico-chemical model parameter estimates is a concern for physics-based models. Therefore, commercial LiFePO4 (LFP) and graphite electrodes are precisely modelled and characterized by fitting experimental data at different charge/discharge rates (C/5 to 5C). The temperature dependency of the kinetic and transport properties of LFP and graphite electrodes is also estimated by fitting experimental data at various temperatures (10 °C, 23 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C). Since the spatial current and temperature variations in the large-sized prismatic cells are significant, one-dimensional models cannot be used for the modeling of these prismatic cells. In this work, a resistor network methodology is utilized to combine the one-dimensional models into a three-dimensional multi-layer model. The developed model is verified by comparing the simulated temperatures at the surface of the prismatic cell (consist of LFP as the positive and graphite as the negative electrode) to experimental data at different charge/discharge rates (1C, 2C, 3C, and 5C). Using the developed model the effect of tab size and location, and the current collector thickness, on the electrochemical characteristics of large-sized batteries is evaluated. It is shown that transferring tabs from the edges and the same side (common commercial design) to the center and opposite sides of the cell, and extending them as much as possible in width, lowers the non-uniformity variation in electrochemical current generation.

Download or read book Electro thermal Modeling of Lithium ion Batteries written by Maryam Yazdan pour and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and implementation of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, particularly in applications, requires substantial diagnostic and practical modeling efforts to fully understand the thermal characteristics in the batteries across various operating conditions. Thermal modeling prompts the understanding of the battery thermal behavior beyond what is possible from experiments and it provides a basis for exploring thermal management strategies for batteries in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). These models should be sufficiently robust and computationally effective to be favorable for real time applications. The objective of this research is to develop a complete range of modeling approaches, from full numerical to analytical models, as a fast simulation tool for predicting the temperature distribution inside the pouch-type batteries. In the first part of the study, a series of analytical models is proposed to describe distributions of potential and current density in the electrodes along with the temperature field in Li-ion batteries during standard galvanostatic processes. First, a three-dimensional analytical solution is developed for temperature profile inside the Li-ion batteries. The solution is used to describe the special and temporal temperature evolution inside a pouch-type Li-ion cell subjected to the convective cooling at its surfaces. The results are successfully verified with the result of an independent numerical simulation. The solution is also adapted to study the thermal behavior of the prismatic and cylindrical-type nickel metal hydride battery (NiMH) batteries during fast charging processes, which demonstrated the versatility of the model. Afterward, to resolve the interplay of electrical and thermal processes on the heat generation and thermal processes, a closed-form model is developed for the electrical field inside the battery electrodes. The solution is coupled to the transient thermal model through the heat source term (Joulean heat). The results of the proposed multi-physic are validated through comparison with the experimental and numerical studies for standard constant current discharge tests. The model results show that the maximum temperature in the battery arises at the vicinity of the tabs, where the ohmic heat is established as a result of the convergence/divergence of the current streamlines. In the second part of the study, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is developed to simulate the current-voltage characteristics of the battery during transiently changing load profiles. The ECM that is calibrated by a set of characterization tests collected over a wide range of temperature, then coupled with a numerical electro-thermal model. The validated ECM-based model is capable of predicting the time variation of the surface temperature, voltage, and state of charge (SOC) of the battery during different driving cycles and environmentaltemperatures.

Download or read book A multifactorial analysis of thermal management concepts for high voltage battery systems written by Joshua Smith and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2023-06-23 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research presents a method for efficiently and reproducibly comparing diverse battery thermal management concepts in an early stage of development to assist in battery system design. The basis of this method is a hardware-based thermal simulation model of a prismatic Lithium-Ion battery, called the Smart Battery Cell (SBC). By eliminating the active chemistry, enhanced reproducibility of the experimental boundary conditions and increased efficiency of the experimental trials are realized. Additionally, safety risks associated with Lithium-Ion cells are eliminated, making the use of the SBC possible with thermal management systems in an early state of developed and without costly safety infrastructure. The integration of thermocouples leaves the thermal contact surface undisturbed, allowing the SBC to be integrated into diverse thermal management systems.

Download or read book Thermal Network Model Development for an Extended Range Electric Vehicle Battery Pack with Experimental Verification Through Dynamic Environmental Exposure written by Ryan Filion and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective was to develop a thermal model of the Chevrolet Volt battery pack, with focused on the influence of packaging components external to the cell modules, and on the pack's response to ambient environmental influences. The thermal network was refined experimentally using heat flux and temperature measurements on a production vehicle battery pack. The initial model representing lab conditions produced simulation results with very good accuracy, comparable to the level of signal noise itself. The verified lab model was then modified to match the environment of the real vehicle, considering engine bay temperature, chassis temperature, underbody convection, and road radiation. This full thermal model was verified using road test data, and reproduced temperature and heat flow with accuracy comparable to the lab test runs. The final thermal network can be employed to perform a dynamic thermal analysis through a wide range of drive profiles combined with environmental exposure conditions.

Download or read book Thermal Management of a Battery Pack for Electric Vehicles written by Khalid Ziat and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to study the thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery for different charge and discharge currents to apply a passive cooling system using phase change materials (PCM) and to verify its efficiency when used with a module of several batteries. Our study is based on an experimental and a numerical study. A test bench is implemented to charge and discharge the batteries at constant current. A Li-ion battery with a capacity of 60 Ah and a prismatic shape was tested for charge currents ranging between 40A and 60A and discharge currents varying from 40A to 100A. The experimental study carried out on the battery shows that the temperature measured on the positive electrode best represents the temperature of the battery core. Moreover, the measurements of the temperatures and the heat dissipation allowed the determination of the heat transfer coefficient as well as the entropic heat coefficient which were introduced in the proposed numerical model. The numerical study led to the development of two models. A 3D model that allows the determination of the temperature at any point of the battery has been proposed by solving the three-dimensional heat equation using the ADI method. Indeed, the model was used to propose two correlations allowing the prediction of the maximum temperature increase as well as the heat energy generated by the battery for given charge and discharge currents. In addition, the second model is based on the equivalent thermal networks which simplifies the physical problem. The developed models have been validated by comparison with experimental results. Finally, a new Chroma 17020 test bench was installed to experimentally test a module of several batteries tested under dynamic currents determined from normalized driving cycles. The experimental results were compared to the results predicted by the proposed model. Cooling solutions using a microencapsulated INERTEK 32 phase change material are also studied. A method for calculating the mass of PCM to ensure the dissipation of the heat generated by the batteries during operating time is proposed using the developed correlations.

Download or read book Modeling Simulation and Experimental Investigation of the Thermal and Electrochemical Behavior of a LiFePO4 based Lithium ion Battery written by Christian Achim Hellwig and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Heat Generation in a Lithium ion Pouch Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion pouch cells generate varying amounts of heat from several different internal sources when cycling. This has a direct impact on its performance and lifespan. The objective of this dissertation is to advance the understanding of thermal management in large format lithium pouch cells through experimental and analytical study. First, calorimetric testing is conducted on a commercially available lithium pouch cell to establish its heat generation behavior under different conditions. Efforts are made to identify and remove the effects of extraneous variables on the raw data. In addition, four thermo-physical properties are investigated and quantified for the cell while operating throughout its full range of operating conditions. Second, a test setup and procedure are designed to collect thermographic data from the cell via an infrared camera. Surface temperature is recorded of the cycling pouch cell while in natural convection and subjected to a wide range of operating conditions. This data is then analyzed and compiled into a database. Third, a new enhanced general form of the Lumped Capacitance Model is derived and validated in experimental testing. This analytical and closed form solution allows the thermographic data to be transformed into revealing the heat generation profile that created it. Last, an effort is made to gauge the model's performance by comparing it to the calorimetric database. Allowances are made to account for differences between the differing testing parameters of the two databases. This permits a true comparison of the model prediction to be made to the calorimetric benchmark. This dissertation develops theoretical models and experimental techniques to understand the thermal behavior of large format lithium-ion pouch cells. It also provides a greater insight to thermo-physical properties of the cell. This information can be used to develop and design more efficient and robust thermal management systems for the battery packs of electric vehicles.

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Thermal Characterization of Lithium ion Batteries written by Khaled I. Alsharif and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized our everyday lives by laying the foundation for a wireless, interconnected and fossil-fuel-free society. Additionally, the demand for Li-ion batteries has seen a dramatic increase, as the automotive industry shifts up a gear in its transition to electric vehicles. To optimize the power and energy that can be delivered by a battery, it is necessary to predict the behavior of the cell under different loading conditions. However, electrochemical cells are complicated energy storage systems with nonlinear voltage dynamics. There is a need for accurate dynamic modeling of the battery system to predict behavior over time when discharging. The study conducted in this work develops an intuitive model for electrochemical cells based on a mechanical analogy. The mechanical analogy is based on a three degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system which is decomposed into modal coordinates that represent the overall discharge as well as the mass transport and the double layer effect of the electrochemical cell. The dynamic system is used to estimate the cells terminal voltage, open-circuit voltage and the mass transfer and boundary layer effects. The modal parameters are determined by minimizing the error between the experimental and simulated time responses. Also, these estimated parameters are coupled with a thermal model to predict the temperature profiles of the lithium-ion batteries. To capture the dynamic voltage and temperature responses, hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) tests are conducted with added thermocouples to measure temperature. The coupled model estimated the voltage and temperature responses at various discharge rates within 2.15% and 0.40% standard deviation of the error. Additionally, to validate the functionality of the developed dynamic battery model in a real system, a battery pack is constructed and integrated with a brushless DC motor (BLDC) and a load. Moreover, because of the unique pole orientation that a BLDC motor possesses, it puts a pulsing dynamic load on the battery pack of the system. HPPC testing was conducted on the cell that is used in the battery pack to calibrate the model parameters. After the battery model is calibrated, the rotation experiment is conducted at which a battery pack is used to drive a benchtop BLDC motor with a magnetorheological brake as a programable load at varying running speeds. The voltage and current of the battery and the BLDC motor driver are recorded. Meanwhile, the speed and the torque of the motor are recorded. These data are compared to the predicted voltage of the battery pack using the mechanical analogy model. The model estimated the voltage response of a battery pack within 0.0385% standard deviation of the error.

Download or read book Advances in Clean Energy and Sustainability Volume 1 written by Sankara Sarma V. Tatiparti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation Into the Effect of Thermal Management on the Capacity Fade of Lithium ion Batteries written by Andrew Carnovale and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of electric (and hybrid) vehicles has raised the importance of effective thermal management for lithium-ion batteries, both to prevent thermal runaway leading to a fire hazard, and to minimize capacity fade for longer lifetime. In this research, the focus was on the effect of thermal management on the capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries. A battery thermal management system will impact the battery operation through its temperature, thermal gradient and history, as well as the cell-to-cell temperature variations in a battery module. This study employed AutoLionST, a software for the analysis of lithium-ion batteries, to better understand capacity fade of lithium-ion batteries, complemented by the experimental investigation. Experimental capacity fade data for a lithium-ion battery cycled under isothermal, 1C charge/discharge conditions was measured first, which was used to validate the numerical model. Then the software's ability to model degradation at moderate to lower temperatures of around 20°C was investigated with simulation of battery capacity under isothermal conditions for a variety of operating temperatures. The next phase of the study modeled battery capacity fade under a variety of different operating conditions. In the first set of simulations, three different base temperatures, constant discharge rates, and heat transfer coefficients were considered. In the second set of simulations, a fixed-time drive cycle was used as the load case to model a typical day's worth of driving, while varying the base temperature, charge voltage, and heat transfer coefficient. These simulations were repeated considering regenerative braking. It was found that temperature has the largest direct impact on the capacity fade which is expected based on prior sutdies. Further, it was found that thermal management does have a significant impact on capacity fade, as effective thermal management is capable of preventing significant battery temperature rise. As concluded from the constant discharge rate simulations, effective thermal management is most crucial at high discharge rates, which will result in high heat generation. It was also concluded from both constant discharge rate and drive cycle simulations, that thermal management is much more effective at preventing capacity fade at battery temperatures close to 20°C. In the drive cycle simulations, using the same discharge profile, there is a much more significant spread in battery capacity between high and low heat transfer coefficients for a lower base temperature (20°C) compared to higher base temperatures (35°C and 50°C). As well, it was shown that using a lower charge voltage will result in slightly less capacity fade over cycling. Additionally, using regenerative braking makes it more realistic to use lower charge voltages, since the battery pack can be recharged during operation, thereby increasing driving range, while preventing increased capacity fade. The final phase showed that effective thermal management would be even more imperative for more intense and realistic driving styles. It was shown that different driving styles can result in significant rises in heat generation and hence battery temperature. From previous conclusions this implies that much intense driving (high acceleration) can result in a higher need for effective thermal management.