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Book DOSIMETRY MODELING FOR PREDICTING RADIOLYTIC PRODUCTION AT THE SPENT FUEL WATER INTERFACE

Download or read book DOSIMETRY MODELING FOR PREDICTING RADIOLYTIC PRODUCTION AT THE SPENT FUEL WATER INTERFACE written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The radiolysis of water in contact with spent nuclear fuel (SNF) will produce oxidants and reductants that can affect the dissolution of the fuel in a geologic disposal site. These products are created by initial radiolytic species which are a function of the type of radiation being emitted by the SNF, i.e. alpha, beta and/or gamma, as well as the energy of this radiation, the fuel grain size (and resulting surface-to-volume ratio) and the fuel-to-water ratio. These products interact with the surface of the fuel, creating new species and ultimately affecting the dissolution rate. The objective of the work reported here is to develop a systematic dosimetry model to determine the dose to water from the SNF as a function of these variables. This dose is calculated for different radiation types as a function of decay for the average fuel composition expected at Yucca Mountain. From these dose calculations the production rate of initial radiolytic products can be estimated. This data provides the basis for subsequent determination of the resulting chemical interactions at the fuel/water interface predicted by published theoretical and experimental data.

Book Recent Trends in Radiation Chemistry

Download or read book Recent Trends in Radiation Chemistry written by James F. Wishart and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a review of the trends in the field of radiation chemistry research. It covers a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the historical perspective, instrumentation of accelerators in the nanosecond to femtosecond region, through the use of radiation chemical methods in the study of antioxidants and nanomaterials, radiation-induced DNA damage by ionizing radiation involving both direct and indirect effects, to ultrafast events in free electron transfer, radiation-induced processes at solid-liquid interfaces and the recent work on infrared spectroscopy and radiation chemistry. The book is unique in that it covers a wide spectrum of topics that will be of great interest to beginners as well as experts. Recent data on ultrafast phenomena from the recently established world-class laser-driven accelerators facilities in the US, France and Japan are reviewed.

Book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials

Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by Todd R Allen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 3552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Five Volume Set discusses the major classes of materials suitable for usage in nuclear fission, fusion reactors and high power accelerators, and for diverse functions in fuels, cladding, moderator and control materials, structural, functional, and waste materials. The work addresses the full panorama of contemporary international research in nuclear materials, from Actinides to Zirconium alloys, from the worlds' leading scientists and engineers. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environment Fully integrated with F-elements.net, a proprietary database containing useful cross-referenced property data on the lanthanides and actinides Details contemporary developments in numerical simulation, modelling, experimentation, and computational analysis, for effective implementation in labs and plants

Book Uncertainty Underground

    Uncertainty Underground

    Book Details:
  • Author : Allison Macfarlane
  • Publisher : MIT Press
  • Release : 2006
  • ISBN : 0262633329
  • Pages : 457 pages

Download or read book Uncertainty Underground written by Allison Macfarlane and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from science, industry, and government discuss the unresolved scientific and technical issues surrounding the Yucca Mountain site as a geologic repository for high-level nuclear waste.

Book Advances in Nuclear Fuel

Download or read book Advances in Nuclear Fuel written by Shripad T. Revankar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide there are more than 430 nuclear power plants operating and more plants are being constructed or planned for construction. For nuclear power to be sustainable the nuclear fuel must be sustainable and there should be adequate nuclear fuel waste management program. Continuous technological advances will lead towards sustainable nuclear fuel through closed fuel cycles and advance fuel development. This focuses on challenges and issues that need to be addressed for better performance and safety of nuclear fuel in nuclear plants. These focused areas are on development of high conductivity new fuels, radiation induced corrosion, fuel behavior during abnormal events in reactor, and decontamination of radioactive material.

Book Radiolysis Process Model

Download or read book Radiolysis Process Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the performance of spent (used) nuclear fuel in geological repository requires quantification of time-dependent phenomena that may influence its behavior on a time-scale up to millions of years. A high-level waste repository environment will be a dynamic redox system because of the time-dependent generation of radiolytic oxidants and reductants and the corrosion of Fe-bearing canister materials. One major difference between used fuel and natural analogues, including unirradiated UO2, is the intense radiolytic field. The radiation emitted by used fuel can produce radiolysis products in the presence of water vapor or a thin-film of water (including OH- and H- radicals, O2-, eaq, H2O2, H2, and O2) that may increase the waste form degradation rate and change radionuclide behavior. H2O2 is the dominant oxidant for spent nuclear fuel in an O2 depleted water environment, the most sensitive parameters have been identified with respect to predictions of a radiolysis model under typical conditions. As compared with the full model with about 100 reactions it was found that only 30-40 of the reactions are required to determine [H2O2] to one part in 10-5 and to preserve most of the predictions for major species. This allows a systematic approach for model simplification and offers guidance in designing experiments for validation.

Book RD D Programme 2004

Download or read book RD D Programme 2004 written by Svensk kärnbränslehantering AB. and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation

Download or read book Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation written by Anibal Taboas and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter

Download or read book Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter written by Yoshihiko Hatano and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-13 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on Mozumder's and Hatano's Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Chemical, Physicochemical, and Biological Consequences with Applications (CRC Press, 2004), Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter: Recent Advances, Applications, and Interfaces expands upon the scientific contents of the previous volume by cover

Book Hazardous and Corrosive Gas Production in the Radiolysis of Water Organic Mixtures in Model TRU Waste

Download or read book Hazardous and Corrosive Gas Production in the Radiolysis of Water Organic Mixtures in Model TRU Waste written by Jay A. LaVerne and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scope. The radiation chemistry of aqueous systems containing chlorinated hydrocarbons is investigated using a multi-pronged approach employing 60Co gamma ray and alpha particle irradiation experiments in conjunction with diffusion-kinetic modeling incorporating track structure simulations. The goal is to determine mechanisms, kinetics, and yields for the formation of potentially explosive gases and corrosive agents, such as H2 and HCl, respectively, in the radiolysis of water-organic mixtures. The information obtained is of a fundamental nature, but the radiation chemical systems studied are found throughout the DOE portfolio and are important in radioactive waste remediation and management. Program Highlights. Radiation-induced production of H2 and HCl from chlorinated hydrocarbons. 60Co gamma-radiolysis experiments and stochastic kinetic modeling have been used to investigated the radiation-induced yield of H2 and Cl- from aqueous solutions of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) and 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCE) over the concentration range 1-80 mM. In deoxygenated solution, the yield of H2 from both 1,2-DCE and 1,1-DCE solutions decreases as the concentration of DCE is increased. The decrease in the H2 yield shows that the reaction of H atom with DCE does not lead to the production of H2. This observation is unexpected and reflects the reverse of the effect seen in the gas phase, where the reaction of H atom with 1,2-DCE and 1,1-DCE leads to the production of H2. The yield of Cl- from 1,2-DCE and 1,1-DCE solutions increases slightly from 2.8 ions/100eV to 3.6 over the concentration range 10-50 mM, demonstrating the increased competition of the DCE with intra-track processes. Comparison of the measured yields of Cl- with the predictions of stochastic kinetic modeling shows that the reactions of eaq- with 1,2-DCE and with 1,1-DCE are quantitative, and that the reaction of H atom with both DCEs leads to the production of Cl- (and Haq+). In aerated solution, the yield of Cl- from 1,2-DCE and from 1,1-DCE solutions is very significantly higher ({approx} x 3-4) than from deoxygenated solution. Furthermore, the observed yield is both dose and dose rate dependent. The mechanisms for Cl- production in aerated aqueous solutions of 1,2-DCE and of 1,1-DCE are currently under investigation. Rate coefficients for the reaction of eaq- and -OH with chlorinated hydrocarbons. There is considerable disagreement over the rate coefficients for the reaction of the primary radiation-produced reducing and oxidizing radicals from water, eaq- and -OH respectively, with 1,2-DCE and with 1,1-DCE. Electron pulse-radiolysis experiments monitoring the decay of eaq- have been used to measure the rate coefficients: 1,2 DCE eaq- + CH2Cl-CH2Cl ' CH2Cl-CH2- + Cl- k1 = 2.3 x 109 dm3 mole-1 s-1 1,1 DCE eaq- + CH3Cl-CHCl2 ' CH3-CHCl- + Cl- k2 = 3.5 x 109 dm3 mole-1 s-1 while competition kinetic experiments were employed to determine the rate coefficients: 1,2 DCE -OH + CH2Cl-CH2Cl ' CH2Cl-CHCl- + H2O k3 = 1.8 x 108 dm3 mole-1 s-1 1,1 DCE -OH + CH3Cl-CHCl2 ' CH3-CCl2- + H2O k4 = 1.1 x 108 dm3 mole-1 s-1 The values obtained are similar to those measured by Asmus and co-workers, but there is a significant discrepancy from the estimate of Getoff and co-workers for k1. Rate coefficient for the reaction of OH with thiocyanide ion. The rate coefficient for the reaction of the -OH radical with a chlorinated hydrocarbon is obtained by a competition experiment, in which the change in the radiation-induced yield of (SCN)2-- from an aqueous SCN- solution is monitored on the addition of the hydrocarbon. The mechanism for the radiation-induced formation of (SCN)2-- from a SCN- is complex and involves a number of equilibria. Careful electron pulse radiolysis experiments have been performed and analyzed, employing the full, complex reaction mechanism, to re-evaluated the rate coefficient for the fundamental reaction -OH + SCN- ' (HOSCN)-- k5 = 1.4 x 1010 dm3 mole-1 s-1 This reaction is central to the experimental determination of the rate coefficient of a solute with OH using the competition method. The value obtained for k5 is about 30% higher than that generally employed, and this has a major effect on the measured values for k3 and k4.