Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Slurry Bubble column Reactor Hydrodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sandia's program to develop, implement, and apply diagnostics for hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble column reactors (SBCRs) at industrially relevant conditions is discussed. Gas liquid flow experiments are performed on an industrial scale. Gamma densitometry tomography (GDT) is applied to measure radial variations in gas holdup at one axial location. Differential pressure (DP) measurements are used to calculate volume averaged gas holdups along the axis of the vessel. The holdups obtained from DP show negligible axial variation for water but significant variations for oil, suggesting that the air water flow is fully developed (minimal flow variations in the axial direction) but that the air oil flow is still developing at the GDT measurement location. The GDT and DP gas holdup results are in good agreement for the air water flow but not for the air oil flow. Strong flow variations in the axial direction may be impacting the accuracy of one or both of these techniques. DP measurements are also acquired at high sampling frequencies (250 Hz) and are interpreted using statistical analyses to determine the physical mechanism producing each frequency component in the flow. This approach did not yield the information needed to determine the flow regime in these experiments. As a first step toward three phase material distribution measurements, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and GDT are applied to a liquid solid flow to measure solids holdup. Good agreement is observed between both techniques and known values.
Download or read book Sandia Support for PETC Fischer Tropsch Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sandia's program to develop, implement, and apply diagnostics for hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble-column reactors (SBCRs) at industrially relevant conditions is discussed. Gas-liquid flow experiments are performed in an industrial-scale 48 cm ID stainless steel vessel. Gamma-densitometry tomography (GDT) is applied to make spatially resolved gas holdup measurements. Both water and Drakeol 10 with air sparging are examined at ambient and elevated pressures. Gas holdup increases with gas superficial velocity and pressure, and the GDT values are in good agreement with values from differential pressure measurements. Other diagnostic techniques are also discussed.
Download or read book Experimental Techniques for Hydrodynamic Characterization of Multiphase Flows in Slurry phase Bubble column Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry-phase bubble-column Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactors are recognized as one of the more promising technologies for converting synthesis gas from coal into liquid fuel products (indirect liquefaction). However, hydrodynamic effects must be considered when attempting to scale these reactors to sizes of industrial interest. The objective of this program is to facilitate characterization of reactor hydrodynamics by developing and applying noninvasive tomographic diagnostics capable of measuring gas holdup spatial distribution in these reactors.
Download or read book Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Downflow Slurry Bubble Columns written by Subrata Kumar Majumder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-02 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slurry bubble column reactors are intensively used as a multiphase reactor in the chemical, biochemical, and petrochemical industries for carrying out reactions and mass transfer operations in which a gas, made up of one or several reactive components, comes into contact or reacts with a liquid. This volume describes the hydrodynamics of three-phase gas-liquid-solid flow in a downflow slurry bubble column. The efficiency of the downflow gas interacting system is characterized by the self-entrainment of secondary gas. The book covers the gas entrainment phenomena, gas holdup characteristics, pressure drop, gasliquid mixing characteristics, bubble size distribution, interfacial phenomena, and the mass transfer phenomena in the downflow slurry system. This volume will be useful in chemical and biochemical industries and in industrial research and development sectors, as well as in advanced education courses in this area. The book will be helpful for further understanding the multiphase behavior in gas interacting multiphase systems for research and development. The hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics discussed will be useful in the design and installation of the modified slurry bubble column in industry for specific applications.
Download or read book Modelling of Hydrodynamics in Heterogeneous Bubble Column written by Mohd Shahimie Selamat and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The applications of bubble columns are very important as multiphase contactors and reactors in process industry. They are wide and extensively used in chemical, petrochemical and biochemical industries. The advantages of bubble column are low maintenance and operating cost due to the compactness and no moving part. They also have an excellent mass and heat transfer characteristic or high heat and mass transfer coefficients, and high durability of catalyst or packing material. It is important to understand the nature of hydrodynamics and operational parameters to characterize their operation including pressure drop, gas superficial velocity, bubble rise velocity, etc., to do the design and scale-up process. Although experimental methods are available to elucidate the multiphase flow in bubble column by the means of advanced experimental methods i.e. X-ray tomography and laser doppler anemometry, the experimental setup is often expensive to develop. Alternatively, the computational fluid dynamics can be used to evaluate the performance of bubble column at lower cost compared to experimental setup. In this work commercial CFD software, FLUENT 6.3 was employed for modeling of gasliquid flow in a bubble column. Multiphase simulations were performed using an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model and the drag coefficient of spherical and distorted bubbles was modeled using the Tomiyama (1995) and Schiller-Naumann (1935) models. The effect of the void fractions on the drag coefficient was modeled using the correlation by Behzadi (2004). The CFD predictions were compared to the experimental measurement adopted from literature. The CFD predicts the turbulent kinetic energy, gas hold-up and the liquid axial velocity fairly well, although the results seem to suggest that further improvement on the interfacial exchange models and possibly further refinement on the two-fluid modeling approaches are necessary especially for the liquid axial velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. It is clear from the modeling exercise performed in this work that CFD is a great method for modeling the performance of bubble column. Furthermore, the CFD method is certainly less expensive than the experimental characterization studies.
Download or read book Bubbly Flows written by Martin Sommerfeld and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarises the outcom of a priority research programme: 'Analysis, Modelling and Computation of Multiphase Flows'. The results of 24 individual research projects are presented. The main objective of the research programme was to provide a better understanding of the physical basis for multiphase gas-liquid flows as they are found in numerous chemical and biochemical reactors. The research comprises steady and unsteady multiphase flows in three frequently found reactor configurations, namely bubble columns without interiors, airlift loop reactors, and aerated stirred vessels. For this purpose new and improved measurement techniques were developed. From the resulting knowledge and data, new and refined models for describing the underlying physical processes were developed, which were used for the establishment and improvement of analytic as well as numerical methods for predicting multiphase reactors. Thereby, the development, lay-out and scale-up of such processes should be possible on a more reliable basis.
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Studies in Two and Three phase Slurry Bubble Column Reactors written by James G. Daly and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bubble Column Reactions written by Wolf-Dieter Deckwer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-04-08 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technology, though used for many years, has shown great vitality recently and is still in a state of flux. Provides an account of developments up to the present and also an orderly evaluation of literature already published on the subject. Considerable space is devoted to bubble column reactor performance predictions based on mathematical models and the importance of each is explained with practical examples.
Download or read book An Experimental and Computational Study of Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in Gas liquid Bubble Columns written by Houman Shirzadi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Balances written by Doraiswami Ramkrishna and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-08 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers encounter particles in a variety of systems. The particles are either naturally present or engineered into these systems. In either case these particles often significantly affect the behavior of such systems. This book provides a framework for analyzing these dispersed phase systems and describes how to synthesize the behavior of the population particles and their environment from the behavior of single particles in their local environments. Population balances are of key relevance to a very diverse group of scientists, including astrophysicists, high-energy physicists, geophysicists, colloid chemists, biophysicists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and meteorologists. Chemical engineers have put population balances to most use, with applications in the areas of crystallization; gas-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-liquid dispersions; liquid membrane systems; fluidized bed reactors; aerosol reactors; and microbial cultures. Ramkrishna provides a clear and general treatment of population balances with emphasis on their wide range of applicability. New insight into population balance models incorporating random particle growth, dynamic morphological structure, and complex multivariate formulations with a clear exposition of their mathematical derivation is presented. Population Balances provides the only available treatment of the solution of inverse problems essential for identification of population balance models for breakage and aggregation processes, particle nucleation, growth processes, and more. This book is especially useful for process engineers interested in the simulation and control of particulate systems. Additionally, comprehensive treatment of the stochastic formulation of small systems provides for the modeling of stochastic systems with promising new areas of applications such as the design of sterilization systems and radiation treatment of cancerous tumors. - A clear and general treatment of population balances with emphasis on their wide range of applicability. Thus all processes involving solid-fluid and liquid-liquid dispersions, biological populations, etc. are encompassed - Provides new insight into population balance models incorporating random particle growth, dynamic morphological structure, and complex multivariate formulations with a clear exposition of their mathematical derivation - Presents a wide range of solution techniques, Monte Carlo simulation methods with a lucid exposition of their origin and scope for enhancing computational efficiency - An account of self-similar solutions of population balance equations and their significance to the treatment of data on particulate systems - The only available treatment of the solution of inverse problems essential for identification of population balance models for breakage and aggregation processes, particle nucleation and growth processes and so on - A comprehensive treatment of the stochastic formulation of small systems with several new applications
Download or read book Airlift Bioreactors written by M. Y. Chisti and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-02-28 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Techniques for Slurry Bubble Column Hydrodynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this cooperative research effort between Washington University, Ohio State University and Exxon Research Engineering Company was to improve the knowledge base for scale-up and operation of slurry bubble column reactors for syngas conversion and other coal conversion processes by increased reliance on experimentally verified hydrodynamic models. During the first year (July 1, 1995--June 30, 1996) of this three year program novel experimental tools (computer aided radioactive particle tracking (CARPT), particle image velocimetry (PIV), heat probe, optical fiber probe and gamma ray tomography) were developed and tuned for measurement of pertinent hydrodynamic quantities, such as velocity field, holdup distribution, heat transfer and bubble size. The accomplishments were delineated in the First Technical Annual Report. The second year (July, 1996--June 30, 1997) was spent on further development and tuning of the novel experimental tools (e.g., development of Monte Carlo calibration for CARPT, optical probe development), building up the hydrodynamic data base using these tools and comparison of the two techniques (PIV and CARPT) for determination of liquid velocities. A phenomenological model for gas and liquid backmixing was also developed. All accomplishments were summarized in the Second Annual Technical Report. During the third and final year of the program (July 1, 1997--June 30, 1998) and during the nine months no cost extension, the high pressure facility was completed and a set of data was taken at high pressure conditions. Both PIV, CT and CARPT were used. More fundamental hydrodynamic modeling was also undertaken and model predictions were compared to data. The accomplishments for this period are summarized in this report.
Download or read book Hydrodynamics of Bubble Column Reactors Operating with Non Newtonian Liquids written by Amin Esmaeili Khalil Saraei and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Models for Slurry Bubble Column Reactors Fifth Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to convert our 'learning gas-solid-liquid' fluidization model into a predictive design model. The IIT hydrodynamic model computes the phase velocities and the volume fractions of gas, liquid, and particulate phases. Model verification involves a comparison of these computed velocities and volume fractions to experimental values.
Download or read book The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-08 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Study of Hydrodynamic and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Multiphase Bubble Column Reactor written by Sanjay Purushottam Godbole and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low Carbon Energy Applications written by Yi Cheng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-13 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review on the brand-new development of several multiphase reactor techniques applied in energy-related processes Explains the fundamentals of multiphase reactors as well as the sophisticated applications Helps the reader to understand the key problems and solutions of clean coal conversion techniques Details the emerging processes for novel refining technology, clean coal conversion techniques, low-cost hydrogen productions and CO2 capture and storage Introduces current energy-related processes and links the basic principles of emerging processes to the features of multiphase reactors providing an overview of energy conversion in combination with multiphase reactor engineering Includes case studies of novel reactors to illustrate the special features of these reactors
