Download or read book Experience with a General Gamma Ray Isotopic Analysis Approach written by W. D. Ruhter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gamma-ray data analysis methodology originally developed for the MGA code to determine the relative detection efficiency curve may also be used to determine the relative amounts of the isotopes being measured. This analysis approach is based on the fact that the intensity of any given gamma ray from a sample is determined by the amount of the emitting isotope present in the sample, the emission probability for the gamma ray being measured, the sample self attenuation, the attenuation due to absorbers between the sample and detector, and the detector efficiency. An equation can be written that describes a measured gamma-ray peak intensity in terms of these parameters. By selecting appropriate gamma-ray peaks from the isotopes of interest, we can solve a set of equations for the values of the parameters in any particular measurement including the relative amounts of the selected isotopes. The equations representing the peak intensities are very nonlinear and require an iterative least squares method to solve. We have developed software to ensure that during the iterative process the parameters stay within their appropriate ranges and converge properly in solving the set of equations under various measurement conditions. We have utilized and reported on this approach for determining the plutonium isotopic abundances in samples enriched in Pu-238 and to determine the U-235 enrichment of uranium samples in thick-walled containers. Recently, we have used this approach to determine the plutonium isotopic abundances of plutonium samples in thick-walled containers. We will report on this most recent application, and how this general approach can be adapted quickly to any isotopic analysis problem.
Download or read book Modern Approaches to Isotopic Analysis of Uranium written by and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Generalized Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis Software and Re evaluation of the Two Important 242Pu Branching Ratios written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the generalized gamma-ray analysis software is to provide precise and accurate isotopic analyses of samples that do not have a standard experimental geometry. This analysis tool will analyze gamma-ray data from all types of measurement scenarios with little or no interaction from the user. This tool also provides complete transparency regarding the gamma-ray peaks and branching intensities used in the analysis with the capability for the user to modify this information. They are currently at the data collected phase of building a validated spectral library. One of the by-products in this data collection phase is enabling them to reevaluate the two important branching ratios in 242Pu. These branching ratios are required for very high burn-up plutonium fuels. The preliminary analysis shows that the energy of the states are 103.5 keV and 158.82 keV, the branching ratio are 1.36E-5 (9%) and 3.37E-6(7%), respectively. More accurate measurements and analysis are currently being carried out.
Download or read book Advanced Concepts for Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis and Instrumentation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of Plutonium Isotopic Composition by Gamma ray Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We discuss the general approach, computerized data analysis methods, and results of measurements used to determine the isotopic composition of plutonium by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The simple techniques are designed to be applicable to samples of arbitrary size, geometry, age, chemical, and isotopic composition. The combination of the gamma spectroscopic measurement of isotopic composition coupled with calorimetric measurement of total sample power is shown to give a totally nondestructive determination of sample plutonium mass with a precision of 0.6% for 1000-g samples of PuO2 with 12% 24°Pu content. The precision of isotopic measurements depends upon many factors, including sample size, sample geometry, and isotopic content. Typical ranges are found to be 238Pu, 1 to 10%; 239Pu, 0.1 to 0.5%; 24°Pu, 2 to 5%; 241Pu, 0.3 to 0.7%; 242Pu (determined by isotopic correlation); and 241Am, 0.2 to 10%.
Download or read book written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of TASTEX Task H written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes a computer-based gamma spectrometer system that was developed for measuring isotopic and total plutonium concentrations in nitric acid solutions. The system was installed at the Tokai reprocessing plant where it is undergoing testing and evaluation as part of the Tokai Advanced Safeguards Exercise (TASTEX). Objectives of TASTEX Task H, High-Resolution Gamma Spectrometer for Plutonium Isotopic Analysis, the methods and equipment used, the installation and calibration of the system, and the measurements obtained from several reprocessing campaigns are discussed and described. In general, we find that measurements for gamma spectroscopy agree well with those of mass spectrometry and of other chemical analysis. The system measures both freshly processed plutonium from the product accountability tank and aged plutonium solutions from storage tanks. 14 figures, 15 tables.
Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis Development at Los Alamos written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the development history and characteristics of software developed in the Safeguards Science and Technology group at Los Alamos for gamma-ray isotopic analysis. This software analyzes the gamma-ray spectrum from measurements performed on actinide samples (principally plutonium and uranium) of arbitrary size, geometry, and physical and chemical composition. The results are obtained without calibration using only fundamental tabulated nuclear constants. Characteristics of the current software versions are discussed in some detail and many examples of implemented measurement systems are shown.
Download or read book Guidelines for Radioelement Mapping Using Gamma Ray Spectrometry Data written by International Atomic Energy Agency. Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gamma ray Isotopic Analysis of Plutonium Within Highly Attenuating Shipping Containers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotopic measurements of items stored in shielded shipping containers presents a challenge to standard, nondestructive high-resolution gamma spectroscopy analysis. For example, some plutonium oxide material that will be shipped from Rocky Flats will be packaged in a combination of containers that places more than 12 mm of lead and 25 mm of steel between the material and the detector. This shielding effectively eliminates gamma rays below approximately 300 keV. Spectra were taken through simulated containers and analyzed using FRAM version 4.0 and a parameter set developed for use with highly attenuated items. The results indicate that 10% precision in measured 24°Pu content should be achievable with 2-hour measurements.
Download or read book Isotopic Analysis written by Frank Vanhaecke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Download or read book Practical Gamma ray Spectrometry written by Gordon Gilmore and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-11-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cutting-edge new edition of the classic introduction to radioactive measurement Gammy-Ray Spectrometry is a key technique in the study of radioactive decay. It measures the rate and extent of radioactivity from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial, including cosmic ray sources, nuclear reactors, high-energy physics experiments, and more. The resulting data can be essential to environmental monitoring and to a range of experimental sciences. For years, Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has served as the classic introduction to this area for current or aspiring practitioners. A comprehensive but accessible treatment of the subject, with a thorough discussion of all major classes of detectors and their associated electronic systems, it contains everything a researcher needs to make optimal gamma-ray measurements. Now fully updated to reflect the latest technology and experimental data, it is a must-own for researchers looking to incorporate gamma-ray spectrometry into their scientific practice. Readers of the third edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry will also find: Fault-finding guide for rapid and effective problem resolution Workshop-style approach emphasizing the fundamentals of laboratory practice New sections dealing with novel developments in nuclear structure research, measuring effects of pollution and climate change, new semiconductor materials, and more Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry is ideal for PhD students and practicing gamma-ray spectroscopists, including researchers working on radiation, energy and environmental monitoring professionals, and researchers working in physics, archaeometry, and related subjects.
Download or read book Gamma Ray Spectrometry of Rocks written by John A. S. Adams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Rocks: Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the gamma-ray spectrometry of rocks. This book discusses the increasing interest in using gamma spectrometry in the search for uranium ore. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the approximate frequency and wave length of electromagnetic radiations. This text then examines the quantitative detection of X and gamma photons, which is based upon their interactions with matter. Other chapters consider the inorganic scintillation crystals as the most favorable detectors due to its requirement of a high intrinsic efficiency. This book discusses as well the shape of the spectrum of a monoenergetic gamma-ray beam, which is dependent on the photon energy. The final chapter deals with the determination of the abundances of natural radioisotopes and their stable end products in a rock or mineral. This book is a valuable resource for radiological health physicists, chemists, geochemists, and exploration geologists.
Download or read book Remote Compositional Analysis written by Janice L. Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of the spectroscopic, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques used in planetary remote sensing.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-12 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
