Download or read book Expanding the Photovoltaic Supply Chain in the United States Opportunities and Challenges written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers U.S. infrastructure availability to meet demand for industries upstream of PV manufacturing. Our analysis considers both crystalline-silicon (c-Si) and thin-film PV, but focuses on c-Si. U.S. polysilicon production in 2017 was roughly equivalent to the total needed for 2017 U.S. PV demand, however, there were no U.S. producers of silicon wafers for PV applications in 2017, so we assume c-Si cell production relied on imported wafers. About 60% of the 2017 U.S. market for c-Si cells and 92% of modules (including thin-film) were imported. However, from 2017 to 2019, plans for new U.S. capacity were announced:1.6 GW of c-Si cells, 6.2 GW of c-Si modules, and 1.2 GW of thin-film modules. This would increase U.S. c-Si cell capacity tenfold and increase U.S. module (c-Si and thin-film) capacity threefold compared to the start of 2017. This could significantly impact U.S. supply chains for input materials. Therefore, we analyze a selection of the most expensive PV system components excluding c-Si cells: steel racking, aluminum frames and racking, inverters, flat glass, encapsulants, and backsheets. In 2017, the U.S. relied primarily on domestic steel, though U.S. production was below 80% capacity utilization. Since U.S. PV installations in 2017 represented less than 1% of total U.S. steel consumption, growth in PV installations could have modest benefits for local steel production without encountering supply constraints.Domestic primary aluminum production supplied 28% of total U.S. aluminum demand in 2017, though capacity was below 50% utilization. Since U.S. PV installations in 2017 represented less than 2% of total U.S. aluminum consumption, growth in PV installations or module assembly could occupy idle aluminum capacity if domestic aluminum became cost-competitive, without encountering supply constraints. In 2017, the U.S. relied primarily on domestic inverter production for all applications, where PV represents 15% of the market. However, the PV sector relied primarily on imported inverters though cybersecurity concerns have emerged regarding foreign-produced power electronics. If these concerns persist, it could stimulate higher domestic production. The U.S. flat glass market in 2017 relied primarily on domestic glass. In 2017, U.S. PV module production represented less than 1% of total U.S. flat glass consumption. Because glass is fragile, dense, and expensive to ship, growth in module production could represent growth for U.S. flat glass. We assume EVA to be the most common PV encapsulant. In 2017, the U.S. was a net exporter of EVA polymer, with a global advantage due to inexpensive shale-gas feedstocks. Less than 1% of U.S. EVA consumption was needed for domestic module production in 2017, but amount of EVA contained in 2017 U.S. PV installations represented 14% of total 2017 U.S. EVA consumption. Thus, growth of domestic module assembly could become a major driver of domestic EVA production. We analyze Tedlar as a primary material for PV backsheets due to its 30% market share and because the U.S. is the major global supplier of Tedlar. We estimate all Tedlar contained in U.S. PV installations was produced domestically. Given the uncertain longevity of alternative backsheet materials and emerging potential of transparent Tedlar, demand for Tedlar may increase further and motivate new capacity additions. Finally, we quantify the potential impact of PV demand growth for these components. We compare two scenarios where PV installations either double or increase tenfold. For each, we assume all demand uses domestic production or hold the percentage supplied by domestic production constant at 2017 levels. If all demand uses domestic production in the 2x scenario, U.S. PV demand would be a significant driver (less than 20%) in the markets for EVA and inverters. In the 10x scenario when all PV demand is met by domestic production, the flat glass, Tedlar, EVA, and inverter markets would be heavily affected.
Download or read book On the Path to SunShot Emerging Opportunities and Challenges in U S Solar Manufacturing written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides insights into photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) manufacturing in the context of the U.S. Department of Energy's SunShot Initiative. Although global PV price reductions and deployment have been strong recently, PV manufacturing faces challenges. Slowing rates of manufacturing cost reductions, combined with the relatively low price of incumbent electricity generating sources in most large global PV markets, may constrain profit opportunities for firms and poses a potential challenge to the sustainable operation and growth of the global PV manufacturing base. In the United States, manufacturers also face a factors-of-production cost disadvantage compared with competing nations. However, the United States is one of the world's most competitive and innovative countries as well as one of the best locations for PV manufacturing. In conjunction with strong projected PV demand in the United States and across the Americas, these advantages could increase the share of PV technologies produced by U.S. manufacturers as the importance of innovation-driven PV cost reductions increases. Compared with PV, CSP systems are much more complex and require a much larger minimum effective scale, resulting in much higher total CAPEX requirements for system construction, lengthier development cycles, and ultimately higher costs of energy produced. The global lack of consistent CSP project development creates challenges for companies that manufacture specialty CSP components, and the potential lack of a near-term U.S. market could hinder domestic CSP manufacturers. However, global and U.S. CSP deployment is expected to expand beyond 2020, and U.S. CSP manufacturers could benefit from U.S. innovation advantages similar to those associated with PV. Expansion of PV and CSP manufacturing also presents U.S. job-growth opportunities.
Download or read book The Future of Photovoltaics Manufacturing in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological innovation and growth are critical to U.S. competitiveness in a global economy. One means of facilitating growth and improving competitiveness is to foster more robust innovation ecosystems through the development of public-private partnerships, industry consortia, and other regional and national economic development initiatives. Public-private partnerships, in particular, catalyze the commercialization of state and national investments in research and development. One of the major projects of the National Research Council's Board on Science Technology and Economic Policy (STEP) is to examine state and local investment programs designed to attract and grow knowledge-based industries. STEP analyzes state and regional innovation initiatives to gain a better understanding of the challenges associated with the transition of research into products, the practices associated with successful state and regional programs, and their interaction with federal programs and private initiatives. In April and July 2009, STEP convened two meeting to assess the future of the U.S. photovoltaic industry and the practical steps that the federal government and some state and regional governments are taking to develop the capacity to manufacture photovoltaics competitively. The Future of Photovoltaic Manufacturing in the United States captures the presentations and discussions of these meetings. This report explores the prospects for cooperative R&D efforts, standards, and roadmapping efforts that could accelerate innovation and growth of a U.S. photovoltaics industry. It includes both efforts to strengthen existing industries as well as specific new technology focus areas such as nanotechnology, stem cells, and energy in order to gain an improved understanding of program goals, challenges, and accomplishments.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Future of solar photovoltaic written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to fully unlock the world’s vast solar PV potential over the period until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.
Download or read book The Future of Photovoltaics Manufacturing in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological innovation and growth are critical to U.S. competitiveness in a global economy. One means of facilitating growth and improving competitiveness is to foster more robust innovation ecosystems through the development of public-private partnerships, industry consortia, and other regional and national economic development initiatives. Public-private partnerships, in particular, catalyze the commercialization of state and national investments in research and development. One of the major projects of the National Research Council's Board on Science Technology and Economic Policy (STEP) is to examine state and local investment programs designed to attract and grow knowledge-based industries. STEP analyzes state and regional innovation initiatives to gain a better understanding of the challenges associated with the transition of research into products, the practices associated with successful state and regional programs, and their interaction with federal programs and private initiatives. In April and July 2009, STEP convened two meeting to assess the future of the U.S. photovoltaic industry and the practical steps that the federal government and some state and regional governments are taking to develop the capacity to manufacture photovoltaics competitively. The Future of Photovoltaic Manufacturing in the United States captures the presentations and discussions of these meetings. This report explores the prospects for cooperative R&D efforts, standards, and roadmapping efforts that could accelerate innovation and growth of a U.S. photovoltaics industry. It includes both efforts to strengthen existing industries as well as specific new technology focus areas such as nanotechnology, stem cells, and energy in order to gain an improved understanding of program goals, challenges, and accomplishments.
Download or read book Increasing Penetration of Renewable Sources in Power Systems Opportunities and Challenges written by Xue Lyu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marketing Opportunities in the Photovoltaic Industry written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Energy, Environment, and Safety Issues Affecting Small Business and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Special Report on Solar PV Global Supply Chains written by International Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar PV is a crucial pillar of clean energy transitions worldwide, underpinning efforts to reach international energy and climate goals. Over the last decade, the amount of solar PV deployed around the world has increased massively while its costs have declined drastically. Putting the world on a path to reaching net zero emissions requires solar PV to expand globally on an even greater scale, raising concerns about security of manufacturing supply for achieving such rapid growth rates - but also offering new opportunities for diversification. This special report examines solar PV supply chains from raw materials all the way to the finished product, spanning the five main segments of the manufacturing process: polysilicon, ingots, wafers, cells and modules. The analysis covers supply, demand, production, energy consumption, emissions, employment, production costs, investment, trade and financial performance, highlighting key vulnerabilities and risks at each stage. Because diversification is one of the key strategies for reducing supply chain risks, the report assesses the opportunities and challenges of developing solar PV supply chains in terms of job creation, investment requirements, manufacturing costs, emissions and recycling. Finally, the report summarises policy approaches that governments have taken to support domestic solar PV manufacturing and provides recommendations based on those.
Download or read book U S Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing written by Michaela D. Platzer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report looks at the solar photovoltaic manufacturing industry and its supply chain; employment trends; international trade flows; and federal policy efforts aimed at supporting the industry. It does not cover other methods of solar-power generation, such as concentrating solar power plants.
Download or read book Rolled Glass written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Power of Renewables written by Chinese Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-29 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.
Download or read book Tenth E C Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference written by A. Luque and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I have great pleasure in presenting the Proceedings of the 10th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference held in Lisbon from 8 to 12 April 1991. These Proceedings contain all the scientific papers delivered at the Conference. The following is a short summary of the Conference activities. The Conference was opened by the Minister of Industry and Energy of Portugal, Eng. Luis Mira do Amaral. At the opening ceremony the Becquerel Prize, created by the Commission of the European Communities, was awarded to Professor Werner Bloss of the University of Stuttgart, and presented by Professor Philippe Bourdeau, Director at the Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development. The Becquerellecture delivered by Professor Bloss constituted the scientific opening to the conference. About 760 delegates from 53 countries presented around 350 contributions, 50 of them as plenary lectures; the contributions were selected among the many papers submitted, this time more strictly than ever before. Also a selected group of scientists were invited to deliver 15 review lectures, to provide an adequate context to the contributions to the Conference. A Symposium on Photovoltaics in Developing Countries, which was very well attended, took place as a parallel event. The Symposium provided an opportunity to hear not only experts of the industrialized countries, but also speakers from the countries where photovoltaics provides services of paramount value.
Download or read book Department of Energy fiscal year 2014 justifications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 1428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 1366 Project Silicon written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.
Download or read book Critical Materials Strategy written by Steven Chu and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the role of rare earth metals and other materials in the clean energy economy. It was prepared by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) based on data collected and research performed during 2010. In the report, DoE describes plans to: (1) develop its first integrated research agenda addressing critical materials, building on three technical workshops convened by the DoE during November and December 2010; (2) strengthen its capacity for information-gathering on this topic; and (3) work closely with international partners, including Japan and Europe, to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and address critical material needs. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
