Download or read book Exogenous and Endogenous Visual Spatial Attention written by Charles F. Cannon and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endogenous and Exogenous Orienting of Visual Spatial Attention written by Paul C. J. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Attention and Time written by Kia Nobre and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our ability to attend selectively to our surroundings - taking notice of the things that matter, and ignoring those that don't - is crucial if we are to negotiate the world around us in an efficient manner. Several aspects of the temporal dimension turn out to be critical in determining how we can put together and select the events that are important to us as they themselves unfold over time. For example, we often miss events that happen while we are occupied perceiving or responding to another stimulus. On the other hand, temporal regularity between events can also greatly improve our perception. In addition, our perception of the passage of time itself can also be distorted as while we are performing actions or paying attention to different aspects of the environment. Surprisingly, this fascinating and fundamental interplay between ' attention' and 'time' has been relatively neglected in the psychology and neuroscience literatures until very recently. Attention & Time is the first book to address this foundational topic, bringing together several intriguing and hitherto fragmented findings into a compelling and cohesive field of enquiry. The book contains thirty-one critical-review chapters from internationally recognised experts in the field, carefully organised into three stand-alone, yet extensively cross-referenced, themed sections. Each section focuses on distinct ways in which attention and time influence one another. These sections, each encompassing a range of methodologies from classical cognitive psychology to single-cell neurophysiology, provide functionally unifying frameworks to help guide the reader through the many various experimental and theoretical approaches adopted. Section 1 considers variations of attention across time, and explores how attentional allocation is limited by very short or very long intervals of time. Section 2 describes several types of temporal illusion, illustrating how attention can modulate the perception of the passage of time itself. "A watched pot never boils" and, conversely, "time flies when you're having fun" nicely capture the experimental observation that the degree of attention allocated to stimulus timing contributes to its subjective duration. Finally, Section 3 examines how attention can be directed in time, to predictable or expected moments in time, so as to optimise behaviour. Bringing conceptually discrete, yet functionally related, fields of temporal attention research together within a single volume, this book provides a comprehensive overview that will be of value to the interested novice in cognitive neuroscience, whilst also inspiring experts in the field to make, perhaps previously overlooked, links with their own field of research.

Download or read book Endogenous and Exogenous Visual Spatial Attention in Dyslexia written by Nora Diver and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Attention written by Kia Nobre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 1260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last three decades, there have been enormous advances in our understanding of the neural mechanisms of selective attention at the network as well as the cellular level. The Oxford Handbook of Attention brings together the different research areas that constitute contemporary attention research into one comprehensive and authoritative volume. In 40 chapters, it covers the most important aspects of attention research from the areas of cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, human and animal neuroscience, computational modelling, and philosophy. The book is divided into 4 main sections. Following an introduction from Michael Posner, the books starts by looking at theoretical models of attention. The next two sections are dedicated to spatial attention and non-spatial attention respectively. Within section 4, the authors consider the interactions between attention and other psychological domains. The last two sections focus on attention-related disorders, and finally, on computational models of attention. Aimed at both scholars and students, the Oxford Handbook of Attention provides a concise and state-of-the-art review of the current literature in this field.

Download or read book A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Endogenous and Exogenous Visual spatial Attention written by Andrew Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Endogenous and Exogenous Attention Recover Target Identity During Crowding written by Jeffrey Nador and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environment constantly bombards us with information, but with limited processing capacity, we can only select a fraction of it for further processing. Broadly defined, this selection forms the basis of visual attention, and it can be further divided into endogenous and exogenous subtypes. Exogenous attention involves selecting information based on the salience of external stimuli, while endogenous attention involves selecting information based on the one’s internal state. Attentional selection is of paramount importance in peripheral vision, wherein target objects become unidentifiable if too densely cluttered by other flanker objects. This phenomenon, called visual crowding, spreads over larger areas of the visual field as target eccentricity increases. The minimum spacing at which flankers leave target identity intact is called critical spacing, extending over distances up to half the target’s eccentricity (Bouma, 1970). Previous crowding research suggests that the greater the resemblance between target and flanker features (e.g. orientation, or spatial frequency), the harder target identification becomes (Kooi et al., 1994). But, while flankers obscure target identity, salient feature differences between them remain perceptible (Petrov & Popple, 2007). This has important implications for attentional selection: before the visual system can recognize a flanked target, it must be able to covertly select target-relevant information. Plus, it must do so without knowing what features pertain to the target a priori. Jonides & Yantis (1988) showed that targets revealed by abrupt onsets capture exogenous attention, and are thus processed more faithfully than those revealed by removing surrounding features. This processing advantage has been extended to include crowded targets (Harrison & Bex, 2014) such that when a target appears after its flankers, its isolated onset attracts exogenous attention to its features. Yet, when it appears simultaneously with the flankers, they also capture exogenous attention, thus leaving only endogenous attention with the capacity to preselect the target’s features. Although Harrison and Bex (2014), as well as Greenwood, Sayim and Cavanagh (2014) have both demonstrated that exogenous attentional cues can reduce crowding, neither controlled observers’ endogenous attentional states. Thus, it remains an open empirical question whether transient onsets can relieve crowding in the absence of endogenous attentional selection of the target. As such, the present series of experiments addresses the role of exogenous attention in reducing crowding during endogenous attentional cueing. We first hypothesize that in the absence of any other salient target features, exogenous attentional cueing alone is insufficient to constrain endogenous attention to the target. Second, we hypothesize that target-flanker feature contrast reduces crowding when the target is exogenously cued and, conversely, when exogenous spatial attention is directed to the flankers, crowding should be exacerbated more at low levels of target-flanker feature contrast. On each trial, observers first completed an attentional task that endogenously cued them to shift their attention to one of two flanked targets, whose orientation they would then have to identify. At random stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA), we produced abrupt onsets by briefly blinking off the targets, flankers, or both. Trials where blinks occurred prior to the first task’s cue (negative SOAs) allowed us measure their effect on target identification, absent endogenous attention to the target. Trials with positive SOAs allowed us to measure the duration of any combined effects of endogenous and exogenous attentional cues on target identification. And finally, trials where no blink was applied allowed us to measure the isolated effect of endogenous attention to the target. At SOAs

Download or read book The Breadth of Visual Attention written by Stephanie C. Goodhew and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans can focus their attention narrowly (e.g., to read this text) or broadly (e.g., to determine which way a large crowd of people are moving). This Element comprehensively considers attentional breadth. Section 1 introduces the concept of attentional breadth, while Section 2 considers measures of attentional breadth. In particular, this section provides a critical discussion of the types of psychometric evidence which should be sought to establish the validity of measures of attentional breadth and reviews the available evidence through this lens. Section 3 considers the visual task performance consequences of attentional breadth, including prescribing several key methodological criteria that studies that manipulate attentional breadth need to meet, as well as a discussion of relevant theories and avenues for future theoretical development. Section 4 discusses the utility of the exogenous-endogenous distinction from covert shifts of attention for understanding the performance consequences of attentional breadth. Finally, Section 5 provides concluding remarks.

Download or read book Evaluating Attention s Theoretical Dichotomy written by Jonathan Michael Keefe and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective attention is a critical cognitive capacity that enables us to navigate our information-dense world, allowing us to focus our limited processing resources on behaviorally relevant information while filtering the irrelevant. A large body of research demonstrates that selective spatial attention can be deployed both endogenously following the internal goals of an observer and exogenously in response to salient events in the environment. These findings have motivated the adoption of a dichotomy in attention between endogenous (i.e., voluntary) and exogenous (i.e., involuntary) attentional orienting. The purpose of the present dissertation is to offer a critical evaluation of the dichotomy of attention by carefully characterizing and comparing the processes involved in exogenous and endogenous attention. Utilizing psychophysics, EEG, and both cross-modal as well as uni-modal cueing paradigms in which either auditory or visual cues preceded visual targets, I offer a novel approach to evaluate this dichotomy across 3 chapters. Chapter 1 examines whether exogenous attention elicits the same changes in neural activity as endogenous attention. Chapter 2 investigates whether exogenous attention facilitates and suppresses neural processing at cued and uncued locations, respectively, as previously demonstrated in studies of endogenous attention. Finally, Chapter 3 tests whether exogenous attention operates outside of an individual's control, as previously theorized, or whether it is possible to exercise control over this process as in endogenous attention. Altogether, the present dissertation demonstrates that there are striking similarities in the effects of exogenous and endogenous attention upon visual processing, but also important differences that distinguish each type of attention. I conclude with a brief exploration of whether this dichotomy is useful to progressing the study of attention.

Download or read book Attention written by Addie Johnson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention.

Download or read book Modes of Perceiving and Processing Information written by H. L. Pick, Jr. and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1978. Since World War II the field of perception has developed in two major directions. The first evolved out of the traditional psychophysical approach and is manifest today in the new psychophysics. The second direction is in the increasing bond between the fields of perception and cognition. This volume grew out of the context of this second direction, a particular product of two workshops (held in the Spring of 1974 and 1975), organized by the Committee on Cognitive Research of the Social Science Research Council. The Committee on Cognition was organized in 1971 to encourage communication and interaction on specific problems in the area of cognition among the various social sciences.

Download or read book Eye Movements and Visual Cognition written by Keith Rayner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a leading scholar in the field, Eye Movements and Visual Cognitionpresents an up-to-date overview of the topics relevant to understanding the relationship between eye movements and visual cognition, particularly in relation to scene perception and reading. Cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, educational psychologists, and reading specialists will find this volume to be an authoritative source of state-of-the art research in this rapidly expanding area of study.

Download or read book Spatial Cue priming Effects of Masked Cue Stimuli on Endogenous Visual Spatial Attention written by Simon Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research in cognitive neuroscience has examined the relationship of consciousness and attention. On the one hand, it remains a debated topic whether attention is a necessary precondition for consciousness; on the other hand other researchers have focused on the possibility and mechanisms of attention without consciousness. Effects of unconscious stimuli on spatial attention were found in several studies but were so far restricted to peripheral cues or specific central cues which may invoke exogenous attention. Given that recent evidence suggests that unconscious stimuli have access ...

Download or read book Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention written by George R. Mangun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention explores the fundamental mechanisms of attention and related cognitive functions from cognitive neuroscience perspectives. Attention is an essential cognitive ability that enables humans to process and act upon relevant information while ignoring distracting information, and the capacity to focus attention is at the core of mental functioning. Understanding the neural bases of human attention remains a key challenge for neuroscientists and psychologists, and is essential for translational efforts to treat attentional deficits in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Cognitive electrophysiology is at the center of a multidisciplinary approach that involves the efforts of psychologists, neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, and neurologists to identify basic brain mechanisms and develop translational approaches to improve mental health. This edited volume is authored by leading investigators in the field and discusses methods focused on electrophysiological recordings in humans, including electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) methods, and also incorporates evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cognitive Electrophysiology of Attention illuminates specific models about attentional mechanisms in vision, audition, multisensory integration, memory, and semantic processing in humans. Provides an exhaustive overview of attention processes, going from normal functioning to the pathological, and using a combination of methodological tools An important reference for electrophysiology researchers looking at underlying attention processes rather than the methods themselves Enables researchers across a broad range of cognitive-process and methodological specialties to stay current on particular hypotheses, findings, and methods Edited and authored by the worldwide leaders in the field, affording the broadest, most expert coverage available

Download or read book Vision and Attention written by Michael Jenkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is at once a review and a summary of the tremendous advances that have been made in recent years on the effect of attention on visual perception. This broad-ranging volume will appeal to vision scientists as well as to those involved in using visual processes in computer animations, display design or the sensory systems of machines. Physiologists and neuroscientists interested in any aspect of sensory or motor processes will also find it very useful.

Download or read book Shifts of Visual spatial Attention Initiated by Unconscious Symbolic Cues written by Stephen Thomas Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition written by Timothy L. Hubbard and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.