Download or read book Exodusters written by Nell Irvin Painter and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1992 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first major migration to the North of ex-slaves.

Download or read book The St Louis African American Community and the Exodusters written by Bryan M. Jack and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the Civil War, thousands of former slaves made their way from the South to the Kansas plains. Called “Exodusters,” they were searching for their own promised land. Bryan Jack now tells the story of this American exodus as it played out in St. Louis, a key stop in the journey west. Many of the Exodusters landed on the St. Louis levee destitute, appearing more as refugees than as homesteaders, and city officials refused aid for fear of encouraging more migrants. To the stranded Exodusters, St. Louis became a barrier as formidable as the Red Sea, and Jack tells how the city’s African American community organized relief in response to this crisis and provided the migrants with funds to continue their journey. The St. Louis African American Community and the Exodusters tells of former slaves such as George Rogers and Jacob Stevens, who fled violence and intimidation in Louisiana and Mississippi. It documents the efforts of individuals in St. Louis, such as Charlton Tandy, Moses Dickson, and Rev. John Turner, who reached out to help them. But it also shows that black aid to the Exodusters was more than charity. Jack argues that community support was a form of collective resistance to white supremacy and segregation as well as a statement for freedom and self-direction—reflecting an understanding that if the Exodusters’ right to freedom of movement was limited, so would be the rights of all African Americans. He also discusses divisions within the African American community and among its leaders regarding the nature of aid and even whether it should be provided. In telling of the community’s efforts—a commitment to civil rights that had started well before the Civil War—Jack provides a more complete picture of St. Louis as a city, of Missouri as a state, and of African American life in an era of dramatic change. Blending African American, southern, western, and labor history, The St. Louis African American Community and the Exodusters offers an important new lens for exploring the complex racial relationships that existed within post-Reconstruction America.

Download or read book Wyandotte and the First Exodusters of 1879 written by Glen Schwendemann and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The African American Mosaic written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This guide lists the numerous examples of government documents, manuscripts, books, photographs, recordings and films in the collections of the Library of Congress which examine African-American life. Works by and about African-Americans on the topics of slavery, music, art, literature, the military, sports, civil rights and other pertinent subjects are discussed"--

Download or read book In Search of Canaan written by Robert G. Athearn and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Word spread across the southern farm country, and into the minds of those who labored over cotton or sugar crops, that the day of reckoning was near at hand, that the Lord hand answered black prayers with the offer of deliverance in a western Eden. In this vast state where Brown had caused blood to flow in his righteous wrath, there was said to be land for all, and land especially for poor blacks who for so long had cherished the thought of a tiny patch of America that they could call their own. The soil was said to be free for the taking, and even better, passage to the prairie Canaan was rumored to be available to all. . . . Thus began a pell-mell land rush to Kansas, an unreasoned, almost mindless exodus from the South toward some vague ideal, some western paradise, where all cares would vanish. In a vigorous, reasoned style, Robert G. Athearn tells the story of the Black migration from areas of the South to Kansas and other midwestern and western states that occurred soon after the end of Reconstruction. Working almost entirely from primary sources—letters of some of the Black migrants, government investigative reports, and Black newspapers—he describes and explains the “Exoduster” movement and sets it into perspective as a phenomenon in frontier history. The book begins with details of the Exodusters on the move. Athearn then fills in the background of why they were moving; relates how other people—Black and white, Northern and Southern—felt about the movement; examines political considerations; and finally, evaluates the episode and provides an explanation as to why it failed. According to Athearn, the exodus spoke in a narrower sense of Black emigrants who sought frontier farms, but in the main it told more about a nation whose wounds had been bound but had not yet healed. The Republicans, without any issues of consequence in 1880, gave the flight national importance in the hope that it would gain votes for them and, at the same time, reduce the South’s population and hence its representation in Congress. Thousands of Black Americans, many of them former slaves, were deluded by false promises made by individual interests. As the hawkers of glad tidings beckoned to the easily convinced, the word “Kansas” became equated with the word “freedom.” Emotional, often biblical, overtones gave the movement millenarian flavor, and Kansas became the unwilling focus of a revitalized national campaign for Black rights. Athearn describes the social, political, economic, and even agricultural difficulties that blacks had in adapting to white culture. He evaluates the activities of black leaders such as Benjamin “Pap” Singleton, northern politicians such as Kansas Governor John P. St. John, and refugee aid organizations such as the Kansas Freedmen’s Relief Association. He tells the Exoduster story not just as a southern story—the turmoil in Dixie and flight from the scenes of a struggle—but especially as a western story, a meaningful segment of the history of a frontier state. His remarkably objective, as well as suspenseful, account of this unusual episodes contributes significantly to Kansas history, to western history, and to the history of Black people in America.

Download or read book Black Newspapers and the Exodusters of 1879 written by Nudie E. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book African American Topeka written by Sherrita Camp and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans arrived in Topeka right before and after the Civil War and again in large numbers during the Exodus Movement of 1879 and Great Migration of 1910. They came in protest of the treatment they received in the South. The history of dissent lived on in Topeka, as it became the home to court cases protesting discrimination of all kinds. African Americans came to the city determined that education would provide them a better life. Black educators fostered a sense of duty toward schooling, and in 1954 Topeka became a landmark for African Americans across the country with the Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education case. Blacks from every walk of life found refuge in Kansas and, especially, Topeka. The images in African American Topeka have been selected to give the reader a glimpse into the heritage of black life in the community. The richness of the culture and values of this Midwestern city are a little-known secret just waiting to be exhibited.

Download or read book Exodusters of 1879 written by Marcia Schuley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Search of Canaan written by Robert G. Athearn and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 1978 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a vigorous, reasoned style, Robert G. Athearn tells the story of the black migration from areas of the South to Kansas and other midwestern and western states that occurred soon after the end of the Reconstruction. Working almost from primary sources- letters of some of the black migrants, government investigative reports, and black newspapers- he describes and explains the "Exoduster" movement and sets it into perspective as a phenomenon in frontier history. The book begins with details of the blacks on the move. Atherarn then fills in the background of why they were moving; relates how other people- black and white, Northern and Southern- felt about the movement; examines political considerations; and finally, evaluates the episode and provides an explanation as to why it failed." -- from Book Jacket

Download or read book The Chickenbone Special written by Dwayne E. Walls and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the experiences of rural Southerners who have left their homes in search of new opportunities and new hope in the North.

Download or read book African American Life in the Rural South 1900 1950 written by R. Douglas Hurt and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first half of the twentieth century, degradation, poverty, and hopelessness were commonplace for African Americans who lived in the South's countryside, either on farms or in rural communities. Many southern blacks sought relief from these conditions by migrating to urban centers. Many others, however, continued to live in rural areas. Scholars of African American rural history in the South have been concerned primarily with the experience of blacks as sharecroppers, tenant farmers, textile workers, and miners. Less attention has been given to other aspects of the rural African American experience during the early twentieth century. African American Life in the Rural South, 1900-1950 provides important new information about African American culture, social life, and religion, as well as economics, federal policy, migration, and civil rights. The essays particularly emphasize the efforts of African Americans to negotiate the white world in the southern countryside. Filling a void in southern studies, this outstanding collection provides a substantive overview of the subject. Scholars, students, and teachers of African American, southern, agricultural, and rural history will find this work invaluable.

Download or read book Nicodemus written by Charlotte Hinger and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pushed out of the South as Reconstruction ended and as white landowners, employers, and “Redeemer” governments sought to reestablish the constraints of slavery, thousands of African Americans migrated west in search of better opportunities. As the first well-known all-black community on the plains, Nicodemus, Kansas, became a national exemplar of black self-improvement. But Nicodemus also embodied many of the problems facing African Americans during this time. Diverging philosophies within the community, Charlotte Hinger argues, foretold the differences that continue to divide black politicians and intellectuals today. At the time Nicodemus was founded, politicians underestimated the power of African American voters. But three of the town’s black homesteaders—Abram Thompson Hall, Jr., Edward Preston McCabe, and John W. Niles—exerted extraordinary influence over county, state, and national politics. Hinger examines their divergent strategies for leading their community and for relating to white people, which reflected emerging black worldviews across the United States as African Americans grappled with the responsibilities accompanying their new freedom. Hall supported racial uplift, McCabe insisted on achieving equality through politics and legislation, and Niles advocated reparations for slavery. Hall and McCabe, both northerners, had distinguished educations, while Niles, a former slave, was a gifted orator. Their differing approaches to creating a new civilization on the prairie, seeking justice for blacks, and improving the situation of Nicodemus citizens roiled Kansas politics, already in turmoil over temperance and woman’s suffrage. Nicodemus was a microcosm of all the issues facing black Americans in the late nineteenth century, and Hall, McCabe, and Niles are archetypes for powerful philosophies that have persisted into the twenty-first century. This study of their ideas and the ways they shaped Nicodemus offers a novel perspective on the most famous post–Civil War African American community in the West.

Download or read book Away West written by Patricia McKissack and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2006-12-28 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical chapter book series from three-time Coretta Scott King Award winner and Newbery Honor author, Patricia C. McKissack. Unlike his older brothers, thirteen-year-old Everett was "born in freedom," never knowing life as a slave. His most prized possession is the medal his father earned in the Civil War. Now, more than 125 years later, that treasure is kept in the Websters' attic with other "scraps of time," ready to be discovered by another generation eager to know its family history. The second novel in Patricia C. McKissack's family saga recounts a young Southern boy's dream of heading west to a new life and the way in which his journey teaches him the deeper meaning of the medal his father won. "A rewarding tale that highlights a lesser-known aspect of American's pioneer story." --School Library Journal

Download or read book High Country Empire written by Robert G. Athearn and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1965-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The first adequate history of the High Country Empire I have ever found. . . . This is vivid, vigorous history, rich with incident, solid with research, firm with informed opinion. . . . On total score this is an outstanding book."--Hal Borland, Saturday Review. "It will make excellent supplementary reading for students of the American West, complementing the work of Bernard De Voto and Carl F. Kraenzel."--Walter Prescott Webb, New York Times Book Review. "Mr. Athearn is not only a good historian, he is an exceptionally able writer. His sparkling narrative--filled with quotable anecdotes and general perceptive insights--is a delight to read."--Gene M. Gressley, Library Journal. "This is a complex, many-sided story, and the author . . . somehow manages to hold it down to reasonable length and at the same time retain much of the variety and color inherent in his theme."--Oscar Lewis, New York Herald Tribune Book Review. "A very great mass of scholarly knowledge expands, illuminates, and makes all alive within the major framework, and Dr. Athearn writes with power and charm and is never pedestrian or pedantic."--San Francisco Chronicle. "Professor Athearn's depth of historical knowledge and perspective ties the story of this high country empire together so that it is socially and economically meaningful and at the same time entertaining."--Harlan Trott, Christian Science Monitor.

Download or read book A Generation at War written by Nicole Etcheson and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For all that has been written about the Civil War's impact on the urban northeast and southern home fronts, we have until now lacked a detailed picture of how it affected specific communities in the Union's Midwestern heartland. Nicole Etcheson offers a deeply researched microhistory of one such community--Putnam County, Indiana, from the Compromise of 1850 to the end of Reconstruction-and shows how its citizens responded to and were affected by the war. Delving into the everyday life of a small town in one of the nineteenth century's bellwether states, A Generation at War considers the Civil War within a much broader chronological context than other accounts. It ranges across three decades to show how the issues of the day-particularly race and sectionalism-temporarily displaced economic and temperance concerns, how the racial attitudes of northern whites changed, and how a generation of young men and women coped with the transformative experience of war. Etcheson interrelates an impressively wide range of topics. Through temperance and alcohol she illustrates nativism and class consciousness, while through an account of a murder she probes ethnicity, politics, and gender. She reveals how some women wanted to "maintain dependence" and how the war gave independence to others, as pensions allowed them to survive without a male provider. And she chronicles the major shift in race relations as the most revolutionary change: blacks had been excluded from Indiana in the 1850s but were invited into Putnam County by 1880. Etcheson personalizes all of these issues through human stories, bringing to life people previously ignored by history, whether veterans demanding recognition of their sacrifice, women speaking out against liquor, or Copperheads parading against Republicans. The introduction of race with the North Carolina Exodusters marks a particularly effective lens for seeing how the idealism unleashed by Lincoln's war influenced the North. Etcheson also helps us understand how white Southerners tried to reunify the country on the basis of shared white racism. Drawing on personal papers, local newspapers, pension petitions, Exoduster pamphlets, and more, Etcheson demonstrates how microhistory helps give new meaning to larger events. A Generation at War opens a new window on the impact of the Civil War on the agrarian North.

Download or read book Black Migration in America written by Daniel Milo Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Beginning with the slave trade, Johnson and Campbell trace the migration--forced and free--of blacks through the antebellum period into the 1970s. They examine the major causes of the migrations and the personal motivations of the migrants. Drawing widely from historic, economic, sociological, and demographic sources, Johnson and Campbell have presented a comprehensive and concise review of black migration in America"--from back cover.

Download or read book A Black Odyssey written by Randall Bennett Woods and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 1981 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: