Download or read book Executive Stock Option Exercises and Inside Information written by Jennifer N. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article examines whether insiders use private information to time the exercises of their executive stock options. Before May 1991, insiders had to hold the stock acquired through option exercise for 6 months. Exercises from that regime precede significantly positive abnormal stock performance, suggesting the use of inside information to time exercises. By contrast, we find little evidence of such timing since insiders have been able to sell acquired shares immediately. Now, such timing should show up as negative abnormal stock returns after option exercise. However, we find negative stock performance only after exercises by top managers at small firms.
Download or read book Executive Stock Option Exercises written by Jie Cai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a large sample of executive stock option exercises by the CEOs of U.S. firms during 1997-2005, I identify three popular exercise mechanisms with different backdating incentives. A cash exercise offers an incentive to exercise at a lower stock price, a stock exercise offers an incentive to exercise at a higher stock price, and a cashless exercise offers little opportunity for backdating. Given the different directions of incentive effects, it becomes critical to separate the three types of option exercises. Empirical results show that for cash exercises the average abnormal stock return is significantly negative before the reported exercise date and significantly positive afterwards. In contrast, stock exercises have the opposite stock return pattern. The market return follows similar but weaker patterns. I estimate that prior to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) around one out of eight cash exercises and one out of twenty stock exercises were backdated or otherwise manipulated. Finally, all return patterns become weaker after SOX shortens the reporting period.
Download or read book Strategic Timing and Backdating of Executive Stock Option Exercises written by David C. Cicero and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers executive stock option exercise timing in light of the potential for backdating of exercise dates. I find that 29 (16) percent of executive option exercises were not associated with same-day disposition of shares before (after) the August 29, 2002, enactment of more restrictive SEC reporting requirements for insider transactions under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. I interpret this as evidence executives often exercise options with the intention of holding the acquired shares for at least a year in order to qualify for long-term capital gains tax treatment on stock appreciation beyond the exercise date. Exercises accompanied by stock disposition are associated with a stock return peak, and exercises not accompanied by stock disposition are associated with a stock return trough. Further tests indicate that in the pre-Sarbanes-Oxley period executives timed exercises ex ante based on private information regardless of the stock disposition strategy, and they often backdated exercise dates when they held the acquired shares or disposed of shares back to the company only. In the post-Sarbanes-Oxley period, executives appear to have benefited through ex ante information timing only.
Download or read book Investment Intelligence from Insider Trading written by H. Nejat Seyhun and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000-02-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to profit from information about insider trading. The term insider trading refers to the stock transactions of the officers, directors, and large shareholders of a firm. Many investors believe that corporate insiders, informed about their firms' prospects, buy and sell their own firm's stock at favorable times, reaping significant profits. Given the extra costs and risks of an active trading strategy, the key question for stock market investors is whether the publicly available insider-trading information can help them to outperform a simple passive index fund. Basing his insights on an exhaustive data set that captures information on all reported insider trading in all publicly held firms over the past twenty-one years—over one million transactions!—H. Nejat Seyhun shows how investors can use insider information to their advantage. He documents the magnitude and duration of the stock price movements following insider trading, determinants of insiders' profits, and the risks associated with imitating insider trading. He looks at the likely performance of individual firms and of the overall stock market, and compares the value of what one can learn from insider trading with commonly used measures of value such as price-earnings ratio, book-to-market ratio, and dividend yield.
Download or read book Finance at Fields written by Matheus R. Grasselli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outstanding collection of articles includes papers presented at the Fields Institute, Toronto, as part of the Thematic Program in Quantitative Finance that took place in the first six months of the year 2010. The scope of the volume in very broad, including papers on foundational issues in mathematical finance, papers on computational finance, and papers on derivatives and risk management. Many of the articles contain path-breaking insights that are relevant to the developing new order of post-crisis financial risk management.
Download or read book The Complete Guide to Employee Stock Options written by Frederick D. Lipman and published by Prima Lifestyles. This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous private and public companies offer stock option plans every year to motivate, retain, and reward employees. But implementing the right stock option plan can be a complex and daunting undertaking, without the proper guidance.The Complete Guide to Employee Stock Optionsunravels the mystery of creating a meaningful equity compensation plan for employees that is favorable for the business. Author and attorney Frederick D. Lipman describes in complete detail the legal, operational, and motivational aspects of developing a stock option program, whether it's for the new start-up looking to attract top talent or the venerable company looking for ways to reward its best performing employees. Readers will discover how to: * Understand the pros and cons of different option plans* Implement the right plan to meet the company's future plans* Motivate key employees with equity compensation* Minimize the risk of losing equity in a volatile market* And much moreThis book also includes useful information for employees who want to understand what their stock options mean and how to maximize their profitability. Complete wi
Download or read book Executive Stock Option Exercises and the Predictive Ability of Transaction Value written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Valuation and Exercise of Executive Stock Options written by Jennifer N. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates the performance of two option models in predicting the exercise decisions of managers who hold nontransferable executive stock options. Using data on option exercises from 40 firms from 1979 to 1994, I compare the predictions of an elaborate model based on utility maximization and those from a naive model that combines standard option exercise theory with an exogenous departure rate. I show that the naive model provides just as good a description of actual exercise patterns as the utility-based model. The naive model could therefore be better for valuing executive stock options. With the increasing use of stock option plans at U.S. firms, this research is important because it improves our understanding of the cost to shareholders of option compensation.
Download or read book Executive Stock Options written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Exercise and Valuation of Executive Stock Options written by Jennifer N. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In theory, hedging restrictions faced by managers make executive stock options more difficult to value than ordinary options, because they imply that exercise policies of managers depend on their preferences and endowments. Using data on option exercises from 40 firms, this paper shows that a simple extension of the ordinary American option model which introduces random, exogenous exercise and forfeiture predicts actual exercise times and payoffs just as well as an elaborate utility-maximizing model that explicitly accounts for the nontransferability of options. The simpler model could therefore be more useful than the preference-based model for valuing executive options in practice.
Download or read book Optimal Exercise of Executive Stock Options and Implications for Valuation written by Jennifer N. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cost of executive stock options to shareholders has become a focus of attention in finance and accounting. The difficulty is that the value of these options depends on the exercise policies of the executives. Because these options are nontransferable, the usual theory does not apply. We analyze the optimal exercise policy for a utility-maximizing executive and indicate when the policy is characterized by a critical stock price boundary. We provide a counterexample in which the executive exercises at low and high stock prices but not in between. We show how the policy varies with risk aversion, wealth, and volatility and explore implications for option value. For example, option value can decline as volatility rises.
Download or read book Executive Stock Options written by Daniel Klein and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exercising Executive Stock Options written by Kimberly J. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Private Information and the Exercise of Executive Stock Options written by Robert Brooks and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We find evidence that executives use private information in exercising stock options. The most informed executives exercise early, exercise after the vest date rather than at the vest date, do not exercise in anticipation of dividends, exercise a high percentage of their options, sell a large proportion of acquired stock, and exercise and leave the firm. The most costly options to exercise are associated with the most private information, and the least costly are associated with the least private information. We also find that higher ranked executives show significantly greater exploitation of private information than do lower ranked executives.
Download or read book Stock Options Grants written by Peter R. Wheeler and published by AdvisorPress. This book was released on 2004 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock Options + Grants: The Executive's Guide to Equity Compensation provides a comprehensive, easy reading treatment to the complex area of stock options and grants for the busy executive. From the boardroom to the mailroom, individuals with stock options or grants will benefit from the quick reading question and answer format of this book. If you have a question about your stock options or grants, you are likely to find it answered in Stock Options + Grants: The Executive's Guide to Equity Compensation.
Download or read book Executive Stock Options written by Neil Brisley and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional executive stock option plans allow fixed numbers of options to vest periodically, independent of stock price performance. Because such options may climb deep in-the-money long before the manager can exercise them, they can exacerbate risk aversion in project selection. Making the proportion of options that vest a gradually increasing function of the stock price can ensure that appropriate numbers of options are retained while they provide risk-taking incentives, but are exercised once they have lost their convexity. Progressive performance vesting can allow the firm more efficiently to rebalance the manager's risk-taking incentives.
Download or read book Granting Stock Options written by George B. Paulin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
