Download or read book Executive Function and Social Outcome Following Paediatric TBI written by Frank Muscara and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is little agreement within the literature regarding the relationship between executive function and social outcome following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). It has been suggested that the inconsistent findings may be due to the lack of a proposed mechanism through which this relationship exists. Yeates and colleagues (2004) propose a possible model in which the maturity of social problem solving skills mediates the relationship between executive function and social outcome. This study explored the relationship between executive function and social outcome, and whether social problem solving mediated this relationship. The long-term outcome of executive functioning and social functioning following the transition into adulthood, and their relationship with injury severity was also examined. The sample consisted of 36 adolescents and young adults who sustained a closed head injury between 8-13 years of age. Adolescents and young adults who suffered moderate/severe TBI during childhood displayed executive dysfunction and poorer social outcomes, with the maturity of social problem solving skills mediating the relationship between executive function and social outcome.

Download or read book Long term Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Consequences of Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury written by Michelle Clareen Makelki and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury written by Erin D. Bigler and published by Pro-Ed. This book was released on 1997 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Vicki Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes multidisciplinary, integrative, and translational approaches to research and practice in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Download or read book New Frontiers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Cathy Catroppa and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Frontiers in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury provides an evidence base for clinical practice specific to traumatic brain injury (TBI) sustained during childhood, with a focus on functional outcomes. It utilizes a biological-psychosocial conceptual framework consistent with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, which highlights that biological, psychological, and social factors all play a role in disease and children’s recovery from acquired brain injury. With its clinical perspective, it incorporates current and past research and evidence regarding advances that have occurred in outcomes, predictors, medical technology, and rehabilitation post-TBI. This book is great resource for established and new clinicians and researchers, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows who work in the field of pediatric TBI, including psychologists, neuropsychologists, pediatricians, and psychiatrists.

Download or read book Social Outcome Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jonathan James Mietchen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conclusions: Children and adolescents with a history of TBI demonstrated significant differences from their peers in social competence and broad psychosocial functioning following TBI. The severity of the injury is important in understanding and predicting social outcomes following pediatric TBI. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Download or read book Behavioural assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome for children written by Hazel Emslie and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pediatric Neurology written by M.H. Beauchamp and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent cause of acquired disability in childhood and can have a serious impact on development across the lifespan. The consequences of early TBI vary according to injury severity, with severe injuries usually resulting in more serious physical, cognitive and behavioral sequelae. Both clinical and research reports document residual deficits in a range of skills, including intellectual function, attention, memory, learning, and executive function. In addition, recent investigations suggest that early brain injury also affects psychological and social development and that problems in these domains may increase in the long term postinjury. Together, these deficits affect children's ability to function effectively at school, in the home, and in their social environment, resulting in impaired acquisition of knowledge, psychological and social problems, and overall reduced quality of life. Ultimately, recovery from childhood TBI depends on a range of complex biological, developmental, and psychosocial factors making prognosis difficult to predict. This chapter will detail the cognitive (intellectual, attentional, mnesic, executive, educational, and vocational) and psychopathological (behavioral, adaptive, psychological, social) sequelae of childhood TBI with a particular focus on postinjury recovery patterns in the acute, short-, and long-term phases, as well as into adulthood.

Download or read book Executive Function and Dysfunction written by Scott J. Hunter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive dysfunction occurs in many clinical conditions and has significant impact on multiple facets of life. This book summarizes executive function and dysfunction for practitioners, researchers and educators, covering lifespan development, assessment, impact and interventions. Drawing together clinical, neurobiological and developmental viewpoints, the authors summarize the latest research findings in practical and applied terms, and review conceptual approaches to assessing and identifying executive function and dysfunction. Several chapters are devoted to practical aspects of executive dysfunction, including research-based treatment strategies, educational implications, forensic cautions and intervention resources. Executive dysfunction in ADHD, LD, MR, autism, mood disorders, epilepsy, cancer and TBI is covered, with test performance, neuroimaging and clinical presentation for these clinical conditions. The book concludes with anticipation of future work in the field. This is a key reference for medical, psychological and educational professionals who work with children, adolescents and young adults in clinical and educational settings.

Download or read book Cognitive and Executive Functioning in 15 month old Children Following Traumatic Brain Injury Prior to Age One Year written by Maya Braden Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and acquired brain insult in American children, and therefore a major public health concern. Children less than one year of age are disproportionately likely to sustain a TBI, but this age group has been relatively neglected in the TBI research literature. In young school-age children, significant age-at-injury effects have been found in that children injured at younger ages tend to have worse outcome. This is in contrast to the predicted pattern of neuroplasticity, with younger brains tending to demonstrate greater plasticity. Additionally, studies of children after TBI reveal significant impact on control of attention, working memory, planning, and inhibitory control (executive functions (EF).) These areas often remain persistently compromised, even when overall cognitive functioning shows good recovery. Little is known about how the early components of EF may be affected when TBI occurs in infancy. The current study examined the relationship between injury variables (severity and age-at-injury) and cognitive and executive functioning in 15-month-old children following TBI sustained prior to one year of age. Nineteen children who sustained a TBI and 15 uninjured children were tested at 15 months of age. Cognitive functioning was measured with the Mental Scale of the Bayley-II. Working memory and inhibitory control were measured with a manual delayed response task (A-Not-B.) In the current study, children with TBI performed worse on average than uninjured children in overall cognitive functioning and executive functioning. Earlier age-at-injury was associated with poorer cognitive functioning at all severity levels. Earlier age-at-injury was associated with poorer EF performance in children with milder injuries, but not in those with more severe injuries. Results of the current study also support the use of an early "marker" task (the A-Not-B delayed response task) that appears sensitive to impairments in early components of executive functioning. The current study adds to the small body of knowledge about outcome after TBI in infancy and provides a strong case for routine neurodevelopmental follow-up as the standard of care for these children.

Download or read book Applied Neuropsychology of Attention written by Michel Leclercq and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays forms a comprehensive overview of this crucial component of human cognitive function.

Download or read book Social and Communication Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Skye McDonald and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can seriously disrupt the social and communication skills that are basic requirements for everyday life. It is the loss of these interpersonal skills that can be the most devastating for people with TBI and their families. Although there are many books that focus upon TBI, none focus on communication and communication skills specifically. This book fills this important gap in the literature and provides information ranging from a broad overview of the nature of pathology following TBI and its effects on cognition and behaviour, through to the latest evidence about ways to assess and treat social and communication disorders. Much has changed in the field of communication disorders and TBI since the first edition of this book was published in 1999. There have been advances in neuroimaging, providing more accurate understanding of how the brain is damaged in TBI and also insights into its repair. There has been a burgeoning interest in social cognition, and advances in how communication is conceptualized, with a particular focus on the role of how context facilitates or impedes communicative ability. Most importantly, much has changed in the arena of rehabilitation. There is now a growing evidence base of treatments aimed at improving communication problems following TBI, new resources for accessing this information and renewed interest in different kinds of methods for demonstrating treatment effects. Bringing together a range of expert international researchers interested in understanding the nature and treatment of TBI this book covers topics from understanding how the brain damage occurs, how it affects social and communication skills and how these problems might be treated. As such it will be of great interest to clinicians, postgraduate and undergraduate students and researchers in neuropsychology, speech and language pathology.

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Rehabilitation for Cognitive Deficits written by Peter W. Halligan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this book, some of the leading clinicians and cognitive neuroscientists consider the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation. They situate the issues within an overall context that considers the different types and levels of diagnosis and assessment, the adequacy of underlying cognitive theory for rehabilitation, and more importantly, the clinical effectiveness of current treatments to improve functional recovery. By employing an evidence-based approach that critically evaluates the published literature, the book provides for a better understanding of the strengths and limitations of the cognitive approach and hopefully a more realistic expectation of its outcome for patients with neurological deficits." "The book will serve as a valuable source for a wide spectrum of professionals who deal with the neuropsychological and neurological effects of brain damage."--BOOK JACKET.

Download or read book Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention written by Adriaan H. Zomeren and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book does not adopt a particular theoretical orientation but tries to clarify the various conceptualizations of attention that are encountered in the literature. Throughout, the book critically reviews the literature on attentional deficits in frequently occurring neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. This material is organized according to the types of tasks used to investigate attention, such as tests of focused, divided, and sustained attention.

Download or read book Dysexecutive Syndromes written by Alfredo Ardila and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of executive functioning has become central in understanding normal and abnormal cognitive processes. This timely volume analyzes the diverse conditions that can result in executive function disturbances, providing research about underlying causes, exploring the differences between developmental and acquired executive "dysfunctions," and providing approaches for the assessment of executive dysfunction both in children and in adults. In doing so, it addresses a gap in the literature in its analysis of executive function deficits and their link with psychopathology in psychiatric patients for the management of clinical symptoms and social adjustment. Among the specific topics examined: Theoretical approaches for the analysis of the diverse dysexecutive syndromes Common executive dysfunction syndromes found during childhood development: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorders Consequences of executive function deficits in the use of information technology Executive dysfunction and personality disorders Common executive function tests, assessment issues in executive dysfunction, and cross-cultural and bilingual questions in assessment of executive dysfunction Dysexecutive Syndromes: Clinical and Experimental Perspectives expertly extends the analysis of executive functions and dysfunctions from a fundamental and clinical perspective. It is essential reading for clinical psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists, and graduate and post-graduate students in psychology, neurology, and the health neurosciences, as well as clinicians, counselors, and psychometricians working with neuropsychiatric assessment.

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Download or read book Executive Function and Adaptive Abilities Following Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury and Nonconvulsive Seizures written by Taylor P. Blake and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: While research details cognitive and behavioral impairments following pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI), few studies have considered specific physiological changes in the hours and days post injury that may contribute to these deficits. New technologies have identified nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) during this acute time period, and these physiological changes may impact cognitive and behavioral impairment. Despite the recognized relationship between behaviorally manifested seizures and worse neurodevelopmental outcome, the impact of NCS on cognition and behavior following pediatric ABI remains largely understudied. The first aim of the study was to examine differences in executive, independent, and social functioning in participants with ABI+NCS or ABI only. It was hypothesized participants with ABI+NCS would demonstrate more severe impairments in these dependent domains as seizures have been implicated in poorer outcome. Secondly, the study sought to examine differences in relationships between variables affecting outcome and executive, independent, or social functioning when comparing ABI+NCS and ABI groups. It was hypothesized relevant variables would be more significantly correlated to the dependent domains in the ABI+NCS group. Methods: The current study is part of a larger study investigating the long-term impact of NCS following pediatric brain injury. Data related to demographics, quality of life, and functional outcome were collected over the phone, while executive function and adaptive ability measures were mailed to participants to complete on their own time. Demographic and injury-related data were analyzed along with scores on subscales of the BRIEF-P and ABAS-II. Executive functioning was evaluated using three indices from the BRIEF-P, including the Global Executive Composite (GEC), the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI), and the Metacognition Index (MCI). Independence was evaluated using scores on the Community Use Subscale and Self-Direction Subscale from the ABAS-II. Social functioning was measured using scores on the Social Subscale and Social Domain from the ABAS-II. Independent samples t-tests and correlation analyses were conducted in order to compare ABI+NCS and ABI groups. Further, correlation analyses investigated relationships between scores on the BRIEF-P, ABAS-II, and variables affecting outcome in each of the two groups. Variables affecting outcome included age, injury severity, quality of life, time since injury, and socioeconomic status. Results: Two equivalent groups were created by matching participants on age, gender, and functional outcome status and differentiating between ABI+NCS or ABI. In a sample of 22 participants, between group differences approached significance on the MCI subscale, with the ABI+NCS group endorsing more executive skills than the ABI group. A significant between groups difference was identified for the Community Use Subscale, although the ABI+NCS endorsed more independent behaviors. As well, a trend towards significance was observed for the Self-Direction Subscale, although the ABI+NCS group endorsed more independent behaviors. No significant between groups differences were found on subscales of social functioning, although the ABI group endorsed more social behaviors than the ABI+NCS group. No significant relationships were identified between any of the variables affecting outcome and scores on the BRIEF-P in either ABI+NCS or ABI groups. However, significant relationships were identified between scores on independence and social functioning subscales of the ABAS-II and variables affecting outcome. Age, injury severity, and quality of life were found to be most significantly related to ABAS-II scores; however, the strength of these relationships across the two groups were not consistent throughout analyses. Conclusions: This study initiated the first investigation of long term effects of NCS following pediatric ABI on executive functioning and adaptive abilities. Although between groups differences were observed in the opposite direction than hypothesized, these results may be accounted for by small sample size and sample variability. As well, the inconsistency in relationships between variables affecting outcome and dependent domains may also be accounted for by sample variability, small sample size, and inaccurate assessment of behaviors. Subsequent research is needed to understand what effect acute physiological changes post injury may have on outcome in the months and years following pediatric brain injury.