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Book Executive Deception

    Book Details:
  • Author : Pat Riley
  • Publisher : CreateSpace
  • Release : 2015-08-26
  • ISBN : 9781514860335
  • Pages : 352 pages

Download or read book Executive Deception written by Pat Riley and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brian O'Brien, a Miami police sergeant, becomes an inadvertent hero while saving a man and his daughter in a canal car accident. The man is a politician, Carlos Luis Bentincore, who is favored to become the next president of Colombia, South America. The grateful candidate bonds with his rescuer and young family, but O'Brien's celebrated moment in the spotlight is short lived. The "accident" was in reality an assassination attempt. Bentincore is the target of a sinister White House scheme to place a puppet government into the Colombian presidency. The feds objective now is to use O'Brien to damage Bentincore's character and keep him from winning the election. They will stop at nothing; O'Brien is imprisoned on bogus charges and his relationship with Bentincore draws him into a web intrigue that involves eco-terrorism, sexual seduction and the abduction of powerful federal officials. While incarcerated O'Brien realizes he must save himself. He escapes from federal prison armed only with his determination and a plan to expose those framing him.

Book Leadership and Self deception

Download or read book Leadership and Self deception written by The Arbinger Institute and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains why self-deception is at the heart of many leadership problems, identifying destructive patterns that undermine the successes of potentially excellent professionals while revealing how to improve teamwork, communication, and motivation. Reprint.

Book Encyclopedia of Deception

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Deception written by Timothy R. Levine and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Deception examines lying from multiple perspectives drawn from the disciplines of social psychology, sociology, history, business, political science, cultural anthropology, moral philosophy, theology, law, family studies, evolutionary biology, philosophy, and more. From the "little white lie," to lying on a resume, to the grandiose lies of presidents, this two-volume reference explores the phenomenon of lying in a multidisciplinary context to elucidate this common aspect of our daily lives. Not only a cultural phenomenon historically, lying is a frequent occurrence in our everyday lives. Research shows that we are likely to lie or intentionally deceive others several times a day or in one out of every four conversations that lasts more than 10 minutes. Key Features: More than 360 authored by key figures in the field are organized A-to-Z in two volumes, which are available in both print and electronic formats. Entries are written in a clear and accessible style that invites readers to explore and reflect on the use of lying and self-deception. Each article concludes with cross references to related entries and further readings. This academic, multi-author reference work will serve as a general, non-technical resource for students and researchers within social and behavioral science programs who seek to better understand the historical role of lying and how it is employed in modern society. Key Themes: Advertising, Marketing, and Public Relations Animals and Nature Communication Deception in Different Cultures Entertainment, Media, and Sports Ethics, Morality, Religion Law, Business, and Academia Military Politics and Government (includes espionage) Psychology: Clinical and Developmental Psychology: Social, Law-Legal, Forensic Social History (lies in history; famous liars, hoaxes)

Book The Outward Mindset

Download or read book The Outward Mindset written by , The Arbinger Institute and published by Berrett-Koehler Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unknowingly, too many of us operate from an inward mindset—a narrow-minded focus on self-centered goals and objectives. When faced with personal ineffectiveness or lagging organizational performance, most of us instinctively look for quick-fix behavioral band-aids, not recognizing the underlying mindset at the heart of our most persistent challenges. Through true stories and simple yet profound guidance and tools, The Outward Mindset enables individuals and organizations to make the one change that most dramatically improves performance, sparks collaboration, and accelerates innovation—a shift to an outward mindset.

Book Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee  1943 50  Problems of World War II and its aftermath

Download or read book Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee 1943 50 Problems of World War II and its aftermath written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book An Introduction to the Science of Deception and Lie Detection

Download or read book An Introduction to the Science of Deception and Lie Detection written by Chris N. H. Street and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible book provides a foundational understanding of the science of deception and lie detection. Focusing on core issues for the field, it discusses classic and current psychological research into lying as well as theoretical approaches to understanding human lie detection. This book explores engaging questions around how people lie, how people make decisions about believing others, and how we can detect deception. Each chapter is clearly structured to support students of all levels by summarising content, presenting key research, and systematically evaluating findings. Chapters explore topics including some of the most promising current lie detection techniques, how and why people lie, how lying develops in children, and whether unconscious thinking can boost lie detection accuracy. Providing an overview of key issues in deception, this book will be of great interest to students and lecturers in the field of deception and lie detection, as well as anyone generally interested in this fascinating field of research.

Book Basic and applied research on deception and its detection

Download or read book Basic and applied research on deception and its detection written by Wolfgang Ambach and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deception is a ubiquitous phenomenon in social interactions and has attracted a significant amount of research during the last decades. The majority of studies in this field focused on how deception modulates behavioral, autonomic, and brain responses and whether these changes can be used to validly identify lies. Especially the latter question, which historically gave rise to the development of psychophysiological “lie detection” techniques, has been driving research on deception and its detection until today. The detection of deception and concealed information in forensic examinations currently constitutes one of the most frequent applications of psychophysiological methods in the field. With the increasing use of such methods, the techniques for detecting deception have been controversially discussed in the scientific community. It has been proposed to shift from the original idea of detecting deception per se to a more indirect approach that allows for determining whether a suspect has specific knowledge of crime-related details. This so-called Concealed Information Test is strongly linked to basic psychological concepts concerning memory, attention, orienting, and response monitoring. Although research in this field has intensified with the advancement of neuroimaging techniques such as PET and fMRI in the last decade, basic questions on the psychological mechanisms underlying modulatory effects of deception and information concealment on behavioral, autonomic, and brain responses are still poorly understood. This Research Topic brings together contributions from researchers in experimental psychology, psychophysiology, and neuroscience focusing on the understanding of the broad concept of deception including the detection of concealed information, with respect to basic research questions as well as applied issues. This Research Topic is mainly composed of originalresearch articles but reviews and papers elaborating on novel methodological approaches have also been included. Experimental methods include, but are not limited to, behavioral, autonomic, electroencephalographic or brain imaging techniques that allow for revealing relevant facets of deception on a multimodal level. While this Research Topic primarily includes laboratory work, relevant issues for the field use of such methods are also discussed.

Book The Art of War for Executives

Download or read book The Art of War for Executives written by Donald G. Krause and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2007-10-02 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Success is an art form that few can master. Here, Sun Tzu's ancient principles of war, reinterpreted for the modern businessperson, offer the skills to gain an advantage and achieve success on the corporate battlefield...and the strategies to win at work when conflicts arise.

Book Executive Leadership and Legislative Assemblies

Download or read book Executive Leadership and Legislative Assemblies written by Nicholas D. J. Baldwin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-02 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between a head of government (head of the executive branch) and a nation's parliament or legislative assembly (the legislative branch) has long been the focus for comment and analysis - for example, has the prime minister in the United Kingdom come to a position of dominance at the expense of the power of parliament? Does the American president stand head and shoulders above Congress? Is a French president master of the system? Need the Russian president pay attention to the Duma? What of the position in other parliamentary and presidential systems? In this book, Baldwin seeks to provide answers, and does so by drawing upon the knowledge and expertise of an international group of scholars whose essays advance our knowledge of the subject. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Journal of Legislative Studies.

Book The Political Warfare Executive Syllabus Volume I

Download or read book The Political Warfare Executive Syllabus Volume I written by Erwin Warkentin and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Time bombs,” “Trojan Horses” and “Dithering Hamlets” were all part of the everyday jargon of the World War II’s ultra-Secretive Political Warfare Executive (PWE). The PWE’s instructors used these terms in the training of the next generation of propagandists and political warriors. The Political Warfare Executive Syllabus reveals for the first time what it took to become a propagandist in what was then the most elite psychological warfare unit in the world. Under the maxim that a good propagandist is trained not born, the lecturers of the PWE Training School at Woburn Abbey and then Brondesbury systematically explored every aspect of how to deliver a lethal dose of propaganda to the enemy and then a purgative and curative dose in the peace that followed. The views of the PWE’s instructors were controversial. This is significant because they would play an important, if hidden, role in how Europe is developing even today. For example, they held a low opinion of the French in general and considered that they had been reduced to the level of “dithering Hamlets” by the German “Trojan Horses” even before the first German tank had crossed the Belgian frontier. On the dark side of PWE operations, they were not above killing the prostitutes whose brothels served the German U-Boot fleet in order to amplify their propaganda message. Perhaps most significant is that they saw Great Britain as European and espoused a Europe that looks very much like the European Union of the early 21st Century. However, there is one important difference. They saw this Greater Europe as accepting the British way of life and being led by Great Britain and not embracing American culture under German leadership. This first volume introduces the reader to the history and theory of political warfare as seen through the eyes of the inheritors of Lord Northcliffe’s Crewe House. Drawing on J. F. C. Fuller and his concept of a war fought in the mind without armies, it establishes the theoretical parameters of political warfare.

Book Malingering and Illness Deception

Download or read book Malingering and Illness Deception written by Peter Halligan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003-10-02 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a rich and turbulent history spanning several centuries, malingering continues to be a controversial and neglected clinical condition that has significant implications for medical, social, legal and insurance interests. Estimates of malingering - the wilful, intentional attempt to simulate or exaggerate illness in the pursuit of a consciously desired end - vary greatly, despite the fact that malingering is believed to contribute substantially to fraudulent health care and social welfare costs. There is little consensus about what would constitute a coherent assessment of malingering, and base rates have been difficult to establish. Malingering remains a difficult attribution to make not least since it falls outside the remit of the formal psychiatric classifications. Labelling a person as a malingerer however, has significant medico-legal, personal and economic ramifications for both subject and accuser. Viewed in this way, malingering is not so much illness behaviour in search of a disease, as the manifestation of a conflict between personal and social values. The aim of this book is to effect an integration of the different medical, forensic, neuropsychological, legal and social perspectives. The book provides an overview of progress in disparate fields relevant to the subject, including how recent social and neuroscience findings regarding volition, intentional states and theory of mind may have implications for informing detection, management and ultimately its explanation.

Book Detecting Malingering and Deception

Download or read book Detecting Malingering and Deception written by Harold V. Hall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detecting Malingering and Deception: Forensic Distortion Analysis (FDA-5), Third Edition maintains the tradition of the prior two editions, following the Forensic Distortion Analysis (FDA) model. Fully updated since the last edition nearly 20 years ago, the book continues to serve as a comprehensive volume on deception and distortion in forensic, clinical and several specialized contexts. As with the previous editions, the book presents a model of deception intended to be utilized and applied by the qualified evaluator. The proposed model covers targets of the faker, response styles shown, and methods to detect the deception. The goal is to summarize the historical and latest information on distortion detection, to present guidelines for detecting deception that include variable accuracy rates based on different detection techniques, and to stimulate further research of effective methods of deception detection. Recommendations and guidelines for the practicing clinician are offered throughout the book, including real-world cases to inform and enlighten, particularly in unique cases or those in which the certain outcomes are unexpected. Key Features: Outlines the role of the forensic professional in applying and integrating methods assessment in deception and distortion Provides base-rates for deception-related behavior and events, especially useful in report writing or courtroom testimony as an expert witness Presents the latest advances in methodology and technology to assist in the search for ground truth in applied settings and situations Applies forensic distortion analysis to evaluate the deception-related findings and statements of other professionals involved in a particular case New coverage includes sections on deception analysis for collectivities, including media groups, contemporary politics, cross-national corporations, conflict, and terrorism Detecting Malingering and Deception incorporates the latest research, providing practical application to utilize information and evaluative methods as they pertain to deception-related settings and situations. Sample reports and extensive graphs, tables, charts, and histograms are provided, and every chapter has been updated with new studies and investigations. The Third Edition boasts several new chapters and updated working appendices of coverage to expand the exploration of deception addressing advances in the field, and our current understanding of the phenomenon.

Book Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee  1943 50      Problems of World War II and its aftermath  pt  2  The Palestine question  Problems of postwar Europe

Download or read book Selected Executive Session Hearings of the Committee 1943 50 Problems of World War II and its aftermath pt 2 The Palestine question Problems of postwar Europe written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.1: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. International peace-keeping agency participation by U.S. June 8, 11, 1943. p. 19-70. Includes discussions of views of British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill and of U.S. public opinion on such participation. b. Briefing on U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) draft agreement. July 7, 1943. p. 75-99. Includes discussions of development of multi-national war relief planning by European governments-in-exile and use of lend-lease program funds for European economic war relief. c. Italy in UNRRA aid programs. July 10, 1945. p. 101-119. Includes discussions of possible Italian economic collapse and UNRRA funding. d. U.N. participation by U.S. Dec. 7, 10-12, 1945. p. 123-211. Includes consideration of invitation to locate U.N. headquarters in U.S. e. Procurement of supplies for U.N. and other international organizations by U.S. July 14, 1947. p. 215-242. f. U.N. headquarters agreement on future N.Y.C. location and granting of certain reciprocal diplomatic privileges. July 19, 1947. p. 243-268. g. Resolution welcoming Italy's WWII liberation. Oct. 19, 1943. p. 367-382. Includes discussion of impact of resolution on U.S. relations with other wartime adversaries of Italy. h. Diplomatic relations with Italy. June 13, 1944. p. 383-392. i. Italy invited to become a U.N. member. July 10, 1945. p. 393-400. v.2: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Discussion of rescue and relief of European Jews from Nazi persecution by an international organization. Nov. 19, 23, 24, 26, Dec. 2, 1943. p. 1-247. Includes discussions of Allies' policies on Nazi genocide program, role of neutral nations in assisting Jewish and other war refugees, U.S. quotas on European and Jewish immigration, British policies on Jewish immigration to Palestine, and Allied programs for war refugee relief. c. Discussion of Jewish homeland and unrestricted immigration rights in Palestine state. Dec. 17, 1945. p. 295-361. Includes discussions of British and U.S. commitment to Balfour Declaration principles, political activities and objectives of Zionist organizations in Palestine, and European Jewish war refugee problems. d. Lend-Lease military air program extension. Feb. 8, 13, 1945. p. 383-391. Includes discussion of French and Soviet participation in the program. e. War criminals apprehension and punishment. Apr. 24, 1945. p. 413-428. Includes discussions of U.N. War Crimes Commission authority and jurisdiction, U.S. policies on apprehension of alleged war criminals in neutral countries, and the relationship between Congress and State Dept in war crime affairs. f. Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, and Middle East travel reports by Reps. Karl E. Mundt and Frances P. Bolton to U.S. military intelligence officers. Nov. 9, 1945. p. 437-463. Includes discussions of Soviet life, Soviet use of Allied Control Commission occupation authority in Eastern Europe, East European Jewish immigration to Palestine and anti-Semitism in Soviet Union and Poland, Arab anti-Zionism and Arab-Jewish tensions in Palestine; Yugoslav, Greek, and Turkish political affairs; British, French, and Soviet roles in Middle East, and the role of women in Saudi Arabia. g. German industrial plant dismantlement. Dec. 4, 16, 1947. p. 499-548. Includes discussion of German economic recovery and impact of industrial plant dismantlement and war reparations program, Inter-Allied Reparations Agency policies, and Soviet cooperation in war reparations and industrial plant dismantlement programs. v.5: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee and joint House-Senate conference committee executive sessions on the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949. July 29, Aug. 3-5, 9-12, 15, Sept. 26, 27, 1949. v.6: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Mutual Defense Assistance Program of 1950. June 8, 9, 13, 14, 22, 1950. p. 7-179. Includes discussions of European mutual defense programs coordination and strategic production facilities aid requirements, Greek political affairs, and former WWII Axis powers rearmament. b. Testimony before a joint meeting with House Armed Services Committee by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower on European defense and military strategy programs. June 2, 1951. p. 267-302. c. Aid to Greece and Turkey. Mar. 25, 26, Apr. 11, 1947. p. 317-415. Includes discussions of communist guerrilla and revolutionary activities in Greece; Yugoslavian, Bulgarian, Albanian, and Soviet support for Greek communist activities; British role in Greek affairs; Soviet demands on Turkey for certain border areas and military bases at the Dardanelles; and political stability of Turkish government. d. Latin American Military Assistance. June 18, July 10, 1947. p. 471-570. Includes discussion of Canadian-U.S. mutual defense programs. v.7: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Philippine military aid program. June 7, 1946. p. 11-33. b. Nationalist China military aid program. June 19, 26, 1946. p. 109-142. Includes discussions of support for Nationalist Chinese in civil war against Communist forces, possible conflict of aid program with U.N. Charter provisions, and repatriation of Japanese forces still in China. c. Nationalist China aid provisions for Foreign Assistance Act. Feb. 20, Mar. 5, 9, 10, 1948. p. 159-268. Includes discussions of extent of Nationalist Chinese economic and military aid requirements due to civil war against Communist forces, military competency of Nationalist Chinese Armed Forces, Soviet activities in China, parallels between Greek and Chinese aid and political affairs, and economic aid programs for Japan, Korea, and Ryukyu Islands. d. Nationalist China economic aid and rural development programs. Mar. 4, 14, 15, 25, 28, 1949. p. 343-468. Includes discussions of loss of Nationalist Chinese control over much of mainland China to Communist forces, effectiveness of proposed programs for non-Communist controlled areas in strengthening Nationalist Chinese military and political position, and possibility of a coalition Nationalist-Communist government being organized. e. Briefing on final loss of Nationalist Chinese control over mainland China to Communist forces. Apr. 6, 1949. p. 497-534. v.8: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Korea Assistance Acts. June 16, 17, 20-24, 30, 1949. p. 19-326. Includes discussion of communist control in China and U.S. aid policies impact on communist expansion in Asia, withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Korea and military threat from North Korea, Soviet and communist Chinese relations with North Korean government, and parallels between U.S. aid programs to Greece with those to Nationalist China and South Korea. Also includes briefing on a Paris conference of British, French, Soviet and U.S. Foreign Ministers on European affairs. b. Mutual Defense Assistance Programs, 1950. June 20, 1950. p. 462-515. Focuses on aid to Philippines and Taiwan.

Book The Executive Deception

    Book Details:
  • Author : Michael Steven Fish
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2002
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : pages

Download or read book The Executive Deception written by Michael Steven Fish and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Deception

    Book Details:
  • Author : Robert M. Clark
  • Publisher : CQ Press
  • Release : 2018-01-12
  • ISBN : 1506375227
  • Pages : 255 pages

Download or read book Deception written by Robert M. Clark and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The chapters on the exercises are a treasure chest of material to work with, covering a whole array of scenarios. . . . I think virtually every page and topic could spark robust and spirited classroom discussion starting with the text title itself." —Ronald W. Vardy, University of Houston "Most students have very little or no background [in this subject area], so Clark’s work is great to introduce students to intelligence and the analytical disciplines . . . a really excellent book that fills a gaping hole in the public literature and is of genuinely great value to both students and practitioners." —Carl A. Wege, Professor Emeritus, College of Coastal Georgia Bridging the divide between theory and practice, Deception: Counterdeception and Counterintelligence provides a thorough overview of the principles of deception and its uses in intelligence operations. This masterful guide focuses on practical training in deception for both operational planners and intelligence analysts using a case-based approach. Authors Robert M. Clark and William L. Mitchell draw from years of professional experience to offer a fresh approach to the roles played by information technologies such as social media. By reading and working through the exercises in this text, operations planners will learn how to build and conduct a deception campaign, and intelligence analysts will develop the ability to recognize deception and support deception campaigns. Key Features New channels for deception, such as social media, are explored to show readers how to conduct and detect deception activities through information technology. Multichannel deception across the political, military, economic, social, infrastructure, and information domains provides readers with insight into the variety of ways deception can be used as an instrument for gaining advantage in conflict. Contemporary and historical cases simulate real-world raw intelligence and provide readers with opportunities to use theory to create a successful deception operation. A series of practical exercises encourages students to think critically about each situation. The exercises have several possible answers, and conflicting raw material is designed to lead readers to different answers depending on how the reader evaluates the material. Individual and team assignments offer instructors the flexibility to proceed through the exercises in any order and assign exercises based on what works best for the classroom setup.

Book Corporate Security in the Asia Pacific Region

Download or read book Corporate Security in the Asia Pacific Region written by Christopher J. Cubbage CPP and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As corporations and governments become more litigious and risk averse, international risk management becomes more complex. Corporate Security in the Asia-Pacific Region: Crisis, Crime, Fraud, and Misconduct examines real cases of corporate crisis, crime, fraud, and other misconduct that corporate security professionals need to be aware of to effect

Book D Day Deception

    Book Details:
  • Author : Mary K. Barbier
  • Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
  • Release : 2007-10-30
  • ISBN : 1567207537
  • Pages : 278 pages

Download or read book D Day Deception written by Mary K. Barbier and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 6 June 1944, Allied forces stormed the beaches at Normandy. The invasion followed several years of argument and planning by Allied leaders, who remained committed to a return to the European continent after the Germans had forced the Allies to evacuate at Dunkirk in May 1940. Before the spring of 1944, however, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other British leaders remained unconvinced that the invasion was feasible. At the Teheran Conference in November 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill promised Josef Stalin that Allied troops would launch Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy, in the spring. Because of their continuing concerns about Overlord, the British convinced the Americans to implement a cover plan to help ensure the invasion's success. The London Controlling Section (LCS) devised an elaborate two-part plan called Operation Fortitude that SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force) helped to fine tune and that both British and American forces implemented Historians analyzing the Normandy invasion frequently devote some discussion to Operation Fortitude. Although they admit that Fortitude North did not accomplish all that the Allied deception planners had hoped, many historians heap praise on Fortitude South, using phrases such as, unquestionably the greatest deception in military history. Many of these historians assume that the deception plan played a crucial role in the June 1944 assault. A reexamination of the sources suggests, however, that other factors contributed as much, if not more, to the Allied victory in Normandy and that Allied forces could have succeeded without the elaborate deception created by the LCS. Moreover, the persistent tendency to exaggerate the operational effect of Fortitude on the German military performance at Normandy continues to draw attention away from other, technical-military reasons for the German failures there.