Download or read book Exchange Interaction Between Pairs of Chromium Ions in Ruby written by P. Kisliuk and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The temperature dependence of the absorption of the spectral lines due to pairs of chromium ions in concentrated ruby at 7009 and 7041 Angstroms is fitted to theory by assuming isotropic exchange coupling. Other frequencies predicted from the parameters thus determined are identified in the observed spectrum. Higher states are identified by means of the excitation spectrum and the spacings already known from the identification of the lower levels. To a closer approximation, it is found that the ground state splitting can be fitted within the experimental error using isotropic exchange if a biquadratic term is included, in addition to the usual quadratic term. Furthermore, the ratio of the coefficients of these terms is of the same order as that found in other materials and predicted by theory. The excited states, however, do not appear to fit a theory based on isotropic exchange coupling as the sole perturbation. (Author).
Download or read book The Interaction of Chromium Ions in Ruby Crystals written by Richard C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption, excitation, continuous fluorescence, and pulse fluorescence measurements were made on ruby samples with 0.94% and 2.1% Cr+3 in the temperature range from 4.2K up to 700K. The widths, positions, intensities, and lifetimes of the R and N fluorescence lines were determined at numerous temperatures. The results for the temperature dependence of the linewidths are explained in terms of microscopic strains, Raman scattering of phonons by the impurity ions, and direct phonon processes. The results for the lineshifts with temperature are due to the absorption and emission of virtual phonons. The observed lifetimes of the R and N lines coincide in the temperature range where the systems are thermalized and the observed decays are pure exponentials. At temperatures where the systems are decoupled, an initial rise in fluorescence is observed at the N lines. The subsequent decay has the lifetime of the R lines for a 0.94% sample and the lifetime of the N lines for a 2.1% sample. These results are also explained in terms of energy transfer from single ions to pairs. The effects of reabsorption on the fluorescence spectrum are also discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Exchange coupled Chromium Ion Pairs in Ruby written by Linn Frederick Mollenauer and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Levels of Chromium Ion Pairs in Ruby written by Paul P. Kisliuk and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lower energy levels of a number of transitions due to second, third, and fourth nearest neighbor chromium ion pairs in ruby are located by measuring the temperature dependence of optical absorption. Energy level diagrams are constructed, from which many of the observed lines are identified. The measurements are consistent with earlier results for the ground states of first, third, and fourth nearest neighbor pairs. The ground-state levels of the second nearest neighbor pairs are describable by an isotropic exchange interaction. The ground-state coupling parameters for the first four nearest neighbor types are used to estimate the Neel and Curie-Weiss temperatures for Cr2O3. (Author).
Download or read book Microwave optical Investigations of Cr superscript 3 Pairs in Ruby written by Michael John Berggren and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exchange Interaction Between Chromium Ions in Ruby Crystals written by F. J. MILFORD and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ESCRIPTORS: *Metabolic products, *O OR tor ge, Urine, Control, Materials, Plastics, Disinfecta t, Sa i ry engin ering. Identifiers: Fall-out shelters. Data are pre ented on he storability of human waste in fiber drum containers line ith t ree diff rent plastic films and containing four differe sanitizers, over a period of 14 day . Adequate odor control was achieved with all sanitizers, i.e. soda ash, cresylic aci s, aponified phenols and sodium pentachlorophenate, ALTHOUGH SODA ASH SHOWED NO BAC ERICIDAL ACTION. Cresylic acids appear to be the preferred sani i r. Amo g h liners, vinyl showed poor integrity, polyethylene and polyethylene-cellop a lami a e howed marginal integrity. All plas ics sho ed chemical compatibility it the waste. D- *>+ N5 +++Storage of human wa te in fiber drum lined with polyethylene or vinyl liners. The effects of 4 different disi fec ants on co trol of gas evolution and odor.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Physics of Solid State Laser Materials written by Richard C. Powell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-03-27 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level text presents the fundamental physics of solid-state lasers, including the basis of laser action and the optical and electronic properties of laser materials. After an overview of the topic, the first part begins with a review of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics, spectroscopy, and crystal field theory; it then treats the quantum theory of radiation, the emission and absorption of radiation, and nonlinear optics; concluding with discussions of lattice vibrations and ion-ion interactions, and their effects on optical properties and laser action. The second part treats specific solid-state laser materials, the prototypical ruby and Nd-YAG systems being treated in greatest detail; and the book concludes with a discussion of novel and non-standard materials. Some knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid-state physics is assumed, but the discussion is as self-contained as possible, making this an excellent reference, as well as useful for independent study.
Download or read book A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for 1966 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactivity in Molecular Crystals written by Yuji Ohashi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you need to design syntheses that are * highly selective * fast * enantioselective with quantitative enantiomeric yield? This book describes in detail how best to exploit the enormous synthetic potential of solid state reactions. Written by leading experts, it provides in-depth information on * the theoretical and physico-chemical approach to solid state reactions * solid-to-solid organic reactions * stereoselective solid state photoreactions * reactivity and crystal structure An ideal companion to Dunitz and Bürgi's 'Structure Correlation', this book will be highly useful to synthetic organic chemists, stereochemists, crystallographers, and solid-state chemists
Download or read book NASA Scientific and Technical Reports written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Selected Listing of NASA Scientific and Technical Reports for written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 2088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts of dissertations and monographs in microform.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 1600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Candid Science V written by Balazs Hargittai and published by Imperial College Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Candid Science V: Conversations with Famous Scientists contains 36interviews with well-known scientists, including 19 Nobel laureates, Wolf Prize winners, and other luminaries. These in-depth conversationsprovide a glimpse into the greatest achievements in science during thepast few decades, featuring stories of the discoveries, and showingthe human drama behind them
Download or read book Journal of Applied Physics Applied Physics Letters written by Nichigai Asoshiētsu and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantum Electronics written by V. M. Fain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum Electronics, Volume 2: Maser Amplifiers and Oscillators deals with the experimental and theoretical aspects of maser amplifiers and oscillators which are based on the principles of quantum electronics. It shows how the concepts and equations used in quantum electronics follow from the basic principles of theoretical physics. Comprised of three chapters, this volume begins with a discussion on the elements of the theory of quantum oscillators and amplifiers working in the microwave region, along with the practical achievements in this field. Attention is paid to two-level paramagnetic masers and the dependence of the form of the emitted signal on the different parameters. The maser oscillator operating with a beam of active molecules is described in the next chapter, which considers the three-level paramagnetic oscillator, the molecular beam oscillator, and the two-level solid-state quantum oscillator. The final chapter is devoted to lasers, including gas lasers and solid-state lasers. Methods of obtaining negative temperatures are described, together with the elements of laser theory and the kinetics of oscillation processes in solid-state lasers. This book is intended for university students with knowledge of theoretical physics, particularly quantum mechanics.
