Download or read book Exchange Flows Between the Tahoe Keys Embayments and Lake Tahoe California Nevada written by Alexa C. La Plante and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semi-enclosed lacustrine embayments connected to large lakes can have significant affects on littoral zone and basin-wide limnological processes. Exchange flow between a semi-enclosed embayment and a large lake can transport water quality constituents to and from the embayment and the nearby littoral zone of a lake. In this research, channel exchange between a large lake and two semi-enclosed embayments was investigated. Baroclinic (density-driven flow) and barotropic (pressure-driven flow) forces were evaluated as mechanisms of channel exchange. Basin residence times were estimated to approximate the time-scale at which channel exchange occurs within each basin. Research was conducted at two heavily utilized semi-enclosed embayments, the Tahoe Keys Marina and Tahoe Keys Property Owners Association (Tahoe Keys), located at the southern end of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada). Lake Tahoe, historically recognized for its oligotrophic status and exceptionally clear blue water, has experienced a notable decline in water quality since the 1960s. Key factors affecting lake water quality include increased sediment loads from erosion, runoff and stream inflows carrying fine sediment, excessive algal growth, and a rise in invasive plant and fish species. Many of these factors originate and are most apparent in nearshore areas of the lake. Although extensive research has been done to identify factors affecting the water quality of Lake Tahoe, little investigation has been done on the effects of small embayments located along the periphery of the lake. Channel exchange between the Tahoe Keys and Lake Tahoe was evaluated using data on channel flow velocity and direction, temperature distribution along the water column, basic water quality and biological parameters, and meteorology during a 15-month period from May 2006 and October 2007. Results indicate that spatial and temporal trends in thermal (i.e. density) stratification (baroclinic forcing) are linked to bi-layer exchange flows during most months of the year. Although the data did not reveal a strong relationship between barotropic forces and channel exchange, it is possible that barotropic forces are masked by dominant baroclinic forces. The mean residence time within the area of active exchange at both embayments was estimated to be between 2-4 days during baroclinic channel exchange.
Download or read book Controls on Exchange Flow Between Emerald Bay and Lake Tahoe CA NV written by Paul R. Stumpner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A field experiment was undertaken to examine the forcing mechanisms and timescales on the exchange of water between a small embayment (Emerald Bay) and Lake Tahoe, CA-NV from the start of spring through the summer of 2011. While much research has been done to examine these mechanisms in oceanic environments, the body of literature on lake-embayment exchange processes is small. The dominant mechanism that controls the exchange of water between Emerald Bay and Lake Tahoe, CA-NV are determined to be horizontal temperature differences. To a lesser extent variable wind fields play a role in either arresting exchange flow or producing uni-directional flow out of the Emerald Bay. These temperature differences are controlled primarily by wind forcing that results in either a mode 1 response where cooler lake water is upwelled near the sill or a mode 2 response where only isotherms in the epiliminion are tilted. Regardless of the response mode, differential responses are seen. Inside of Emerald Bay isotherms are vertically tilted down near the sill and outside of Emerald Bay isotherms are vertically tilted up. Upwelling events occur during the transition from unstratified to strong stratification, and result in strong temperature gradients (3 - 7 °C) and velocity magnitudes from 10 -15 cm/s. Differential response to moderate winds occur daily during summer stratification to produce weaker temperature gradients (1 - 3 °C) and thus weaker exchange flow (velocity magnitudes from 5 - 8 cm/s). The controls on the seasonal evolution of exchange flow can be reasonably predicting by order of magnitude changes in the non-dimensional modified Wedderburn number (W(m)). The maximal exchange of water is limited by the horizontal and vertical mixing and the geometry of the sill. The processes that govern mixing are not certain but are thought to be a combination of wind forcing at the free surface, near bed shear stress, and internal shear of the opposing layers of flow. The controls on maximal exchange can be summarized by the product of the turbulent Grashof number (Gr(T)) and the square of the aspect ratio of the sill (A2). This calculation shows that over a variety of conditions measured in this study the predicted mass flux of water is 80-95% of what would be predicted by internal hydraulic theory. This is in good agreement with a variety of other exchange flows in oceans and lakes.
Download or read book Limnogeology Progress Challenges and Opportunities written by Michael R. Rosen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-24 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book honors the career of Professor Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch who was a pioneer and leader in the field of limnogeology since the 1980s. Her work was instrumental in guiding students and professionals in the field until her untimely death in 2016. This collection of chapters was written by her colleagues and students and recognize the important role that Professor Gierlowski-Kordesch had in advancing the field of limnogeology. The chapters show the breadth of her reach as these have been contributed from virtually every continent. This book will be a primary reference for scientists, professionals and graduate students who are interested in the latest advances in limnogeologic processes and basin descriptions in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and China. *Free supplementary material available online for chapters 3,11,12 and 13. Access by searching for the book on link.springer.com
Download or read book Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.
Download or read book Public Land Statistics 2017 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters written by Charles R. Goldman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-20 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of global warming on the physical, chemical, ecological structure and function and biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems are not well understood and there are many opinions on how to adapt aquatic environments to global warming in order to minimize the negative effects of climate change. Climatic Change and Global Warming of Inland Waters presents a synthesis of the latest research on a whole range of inland water habitats – lakes, running water, wetlands – and offers novel and timely suggestions for future research, monitoring and adaptation strategies. A global approach, offered in this book, encompasses systems from the arctic to the Antarctic, including warm-water systems in the tropics and subtropics and presents a unique and useful source for all those looking for contemporary case studies and presentation of the latest research findings and discussion of mitigation and adaptation throughout the world. Edited by three of the leading limnologists in the field this book represents the latest developments with a focus not only on the impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems but also offers a framework and suggestions for future management strategies and how these can be implemented in the future. Limnologists, Climate change biologists, fresh water ecologists, palaeoclimatologists and students taking relevant courses within the earth and environmental sciences will find this book invaluable. The book will also be of interest to planners, catchment managers and engineers looking for solutions to broader environmental problems but who need to consider freshwater ecology.
Download or read book Technical Guidance Manual for Developing Total Maximum Daily Loads written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From the Sierra to the Sea written by William S. Alevizon and published by Bookbaby. This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original report From the Sierra to the Sea: Ecological History of the San Francisco Bay-Delta Watershed was a product of a three-year effort to develop a landscape level overview of the natural ecological structure, function and organization of the watershed, and the way it had changed over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. Technical review and contributions from government and water agencies helped produce a collaborative document that provided information on the historical ecological baseline in order to assist in what was envisioned at the time as the most ambitious restoration effort ever undertaken in the United States. We are proud of the fact that the original document is still used as an objective reference, and has provided a foundation and inspiration for similar but more intensively researched localized efforts by others in the Bay-Delta watershed. This 20th anniversary edition contains a new Afterword describing changes to the estuary and its watershed since the report was originally published in 1998.
Download or read book From Saline to Freshwater written by Scott W. Starratt and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.
Download or read book Saline Lakes written by John M. Melack and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inland saline waters are threatened worldwide by diversion and pollution of their inflows, introductions of exotic species and economic development of these ecologically valuable habitats. Since 1979 a series of international symposia on inland saline waters has served to strengthen and expand the scope of limnological research on inland saline waters. The seventh conference continued this tradition and the papers derived from the conference focused on the ecology of microbial communities, the influence of habitat geochemistry on biogeography of flora and fauna, physical and geochemical processes, and the conservation of inland saline waters. Of particular note are papers on Walker Lake, Nevada (USA), and the Salton Sea and Mono Lake, California (USA). Continued local, national and international efforts are required to inform the public and decision-makers about the environmental problems faced by saline waters. The papers in this volume will serve this end and should be of interest to aquatic ecologists, limnologists, aquaculturalists, and water resource managers.
Download or read book Mauna Loa Southwest Rift Zone written by Peter W. Lipman and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Report on field trip to Mauna Loa which provides a summary, distance between locations, and maps and photographs with captions.
Download or read book Comparing Futures for the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta written by Jay Lund and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010-02-02 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ecosystem in freefall, a shrinking water supply for cities and agriculture, an antiquated network of failure-prone levees—this is the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, the major hub of California's water system. Written by a team of independent water experts, this analysis of the latest data evaluates proposed solutions to the Delta's myriad problems. Through in-depth economic and ecological analysis, the authors find that the current policy of channeling water exports through the Delta is not sustainable for any interest. Employing a peripheral canal-conveying water around the Delta instead of through it—as part of a larger habitat and water management plan appears to be the best strategy to maintain both a high-quality water supply and at the same time improve conditions for native fish and wildlife. This important assessment includes integrated analysis of long term ecosystem and water management options and demonstrates how issues such as climate change and sustainability will shape the future. Published in cooperation with the Public Policy Institute of California
Download or read book Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water written by John David Hem and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemical composition of natural water is derived from many different sources of solutes, including gases and aerosols from the atmosphere, weathering and erosion of rocks and soil, solution or precipitation reactions occurring below the land surface, and cultural effects resulting from activities of man. Some of the processes of solution or precipitation of minerals can be closely evaluated by means of principles of chemical equilibrium including the law of mass action and the Nernst equation. Other processes are irreversible and require consideration of reaction mechanisms and rates. The chemical composition of the crustal rocks of the earth and the composition of the ocean and the atmosphere are significant in evaluating sources of solutes in natural fresh water. The ways in which solutes are taken up or precipitated and the amounts present in solution are influenced by many environmental factors, especially climate, structure and position of rock strata, and biochemical effects associated with life cycles of plants and animals, both microscopic and macroscopic. Taken all together and in application with the further influence of the general circulation of all water in the hydrologic cycle, the chemical principles and environmental factors form a basis for the developing science of natural-water chemistry. Fundamental data used in the determination of water quality are obtained by the chemical analysis of water samples in the laboratory or onsite sensing of chemical properties in the field. Sampling is complicated by changes in composition of moving water and the effects of particulate suspended material. Most of the constituents determined are reported in gravimetric units, usually milligrams per liter or milliequivalents per liter. More than 60 constituents and properties are included in water analyses frequently enough to provide a basis for consideration of the sources from which each is generally derived, most probable forms of elements and ions in solution, solubility controls, expected concentration ranges and other chemical factors. Concentrations of elements that are commonly present in amounts less than a few tens of micrograms per liter cannot always be easily explained, but present information suggests many are controlled by solubility of hydroxide or carbonate or by sorption on solid particles. Chemical analyses may be grouped and statistically evaluated by averages, frequency distributions, or ion correlations to summarize large volumes of data. Graphing of analyses or of groups of analyses aids in showing chemical relationships among waters, probable sources of solutes, areal water-quality regimen, and water-resources evaluation. Graphs may show water type based on chemical composition, relationships among ions, or groups of ions in individual waters or many waters considered simultaneously. The relationships of water quality to hydrologic parameters, such as stream discharge rate or ground-water flow patterns, can be shown by mathematical equations, graphs, and maps. About 75 water analyses selected from the literature are tabulated to illustrate the relationships described, and some of these, along with many others that are not tabulated, are also utilized in demonstrating graphing and mapping techniques. Relationships of water composition to source rock type are illustrated by graphs of some of the tabulated analyses. Activities of man maymodify water composition extensively through direct effects of pollution and indirect results of water development, such as intrusion of sea water in ground-water aquifiers. Water-quality standards for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use have been published by various agencies. Irrigation project requirements for water quality are particularly intricate. Fundamental knowledge of processes that control natural water composition is required for rational management of water quality.
Download or read book Geologic Field trip Guide to the Volcanic and Hydrothermal Landscape of the Yellowstone Plateau written by Lisa A. Morgan and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Snow Load in California for Three Recurrence Intervals written by David L. Azuma and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Facilities written by Thomas M. Missimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book assembles the latest research on new design techniques in water supplies using desalinated seawater. The authors examine the diverse issues related to the intakes and outfalls of these facilities. They clarify how and why these key components of the facilities impact the cost of operation and subsequently the cost of water supplied to the consumers. The book consists of contributed articles from a number of experts in the field who presented their findings at the "Desalination Intakes and Outfalls" workshop held at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia in October, 2013. The book integrates coverage relevant to a wide variety of researchers and professionals in the general fields of environmental engineering and sustainable development.
