Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Antecedent Soil Moisture and Summer Precipitation in the U S Great Plains written by Lei Meng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on examining the relationship between antecedent soil moisture and summer precipitation in the U.S. Great Plains (GP). The influence of Nino sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on summer precipitation has also been investigated to compare their relative contributions to those from local moisture recycling. Both observational data and model simulations have been used to investigate how and why soil moisture can affect subsequent summer precipitation in the GP. Observational analysis indicates that spring (May 1st) soil moisture is significantly correlated with summer precipitation only during periods when Nino SSTs are not strongly correlated with summer precipitation (e.g. 1925-1936). During periods when Nino SSTs are strongly correlated with summer precipitation (e.g. 1940-1970), spring soil moisture is not a good predictor of summer precipitation in the GP. The periods of strong correlation between Nino SSTs and summer precipitation are associated with strong SST persistence. This study suggests that both local soil moisture and remote SST anomalies (deviation from SST climatology) influence summer precipitation in the GP. The soil moisture anomalies are of greatest importance during years when Nino SST persistence is low. Model results have demonstrated that there are significant differences in precipitation response to soil moisture anomalies depending on their sign (+/- ), timing and persistence. The influence of dry soil moisture anomalies on subsequent precipitation tends to last longer than wet soil moisture anomalies when initialized on May 1st. Dry soils can influence summer precipitation in the subsequent 2-3 months. However, the precipitation response to wet soil moisture anomalies is faster and greater in magnitude than the response to dry soil moisture anomalies. Persistent soil moisture anomalies that are sustained for an entire month produced larger precipitation changes than soil moisture anomalies only applied on the first day of the month. It appears that the length of soil moisture memory also depends on the sign of soil moisture anomaly. The results of this study may be model-dependent due to the significant inter-model variations in land surface parameterizations. This may restrict the potential for drawing general conclusions.
Download or read book North American Droughts written by Norman J. Rosenberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-08 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognizing drought as a characteristic feature of the North American climate, the contributors to this volume seek to organize available evidence of both prehistoric and modern drought events and to provide information on the severity of droughts, especially those which have occurred since weather records have been kept. The impacts of modern-era droughts on production and the potential impact of future droughts on the productivity of North American agriculture are examined. The authors explore the effeats of past droughts on the social, cultural, and political life of the population; the possible effects of drought on today's energy- and techno logy-intensive society; and the ramifications of drought for the national economy. The social and political strategies that local, state, and federal governments may use to meliorate the effects of drought are also considered, as are some possible technological defenses against drought—weather modification, expanded irrigation, new techniques of water harvesting and storage, and new agronomic adaptations. Finally, the critical question of whether future droughts can be forecast is examined.
Download or read book The Utilization of Moisture on Heavy Soils of the Southern Great Plains written by Henry Howard Finnell and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction and Predictability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy resources, amongst other activities; however, current forecast systems have limited ability on these time- scales. Models for such climate forecasts must take into account complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land surface. Such processes can be difficult to represent realistically. To improve the quality of forecasts, this book makes recommendations about the development of the tools used in forecasting and about specific research goals for improving understanding of sources of predictability. To improve the accessibility of these forecasts to decision-makers and researchers, this book also suggests best practices to improve how forecasts are made and disseminated.
Download or read book Modeling the Role of Soil Moisture in North American Summer Climate written by Jeremy Stephan Pal and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting Moisture storage Efficiency of Dryfarming Areas in the Great Plains written by Henry Howard Finnell and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precipitation in the Southern Great Plains written by David R. Legates and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristics of Intense Rainfall in Relation to Runoff and Soil Erosion at Watkinsville Georgia written by Aurelius Pharr Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Connections Between Warm Season Precipitation in the U S Southwest and Great Plains and the Potential Role of Antecedent Snow Cover written by Melissa Marie Ackerman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CIRA Annual Report FY written by Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (Fort Collins, Colo.) and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Climate Extremes written by S.-Y. Simon Wang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although we are seeing more weather and climate extremes, individual extreme events are very diverse and generalization of trends is difficult. For example, mid-latitude and subtropical climate extremes such as heat waves, hurricanes and droughts have increased, and could have been caused by processes including arctic amplification, jet stream meandering, and tropical expansion. This volume documents various climate extreme events and associated changes that have been analyzed through diagnostics, modeling, and statistical approaches. The identification of patterns and mechanisms can aid the prediction of future extreme events. Volume highlights include: Compilation of processes and mechanisms unique to individual weather and climate extreme events Discussion of climate model performance in terms of simulating high-impact weather and climate extremes Summary of various existing theories, including controversial ones, on how climate extremes will continue to become stronger and more frequent Climate Extremes: Patterns and Mechanisms is a valuable resource for scientists and graduate students in the fields of geophysics, climate physics, natural hazards, and environmental science. Read an interview with the editors to find out more: https://eos.org/editors-vox/how-does-changing-climate-bring-more-extreme-events
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrometeorological Ensemble Forecasting written by Qingyun Duan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrometeorological prediction involves the forecasting of the state and variation of hydrometeorological elements -- including precipitation, temperature, humidity, soil moisture, river discharge, groundwater, etc.-- at different space and time scales. Such forecasts form an important scientific basis for informing public of natural hazards such as cyclones, heat waves, frosts, droughts and floods. Traditionally, and at most currently operational centers, hydrometeorological forecasts are deterministic, “single-valued” outlooks: i.e., the weather and hydrological models provide a single best guess of the magnitude and timing of the impending events. These forecasts suffer the obvious drawback of lacking uncertainty information that would help decision-makers assess the risks of forecast use. Recently, hydrometeorological ensemble forecast approaches have begun to be developed and used by operational collection of hydrometeorological services. In contrast to deterministic forecasts, ensemble forecasts are a multiple forecasts of the same events. The ensemble forecasts are generated by perturbing uncertain factors such as model forcings, initial conditions, and/or model physics. Ensemble techniques are attractive because they not only offer an estimate of the most probable future state of the hydrometeorological system, but also quantify the predictive uncertainty of a catastrophic hydrometeorological event occurring. The Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX), initiated in 2004, has signaled a new era of collaboration toward the development of hydrometeorological ensemble forecasts. By bringing meteorologists, hydrologists and hydrometeorological forecast users together, HEPEX aims to improve operational hydrometeorological forecast approaches to a standard that can be used with confidence by emergencies and water resources managers. HEPEX advocates a hydrometeorological ensemble prediction system (HEPS) framework that consists of several basic building blocks. These components include:(a) an approach (typically statistical) for addressing uncertainty in meteorological inputs and generating statistically consistent space/time meteorological inputs for hydrological applications; (b) a land data assimilation approach for leveraging observation to reduce uncertainties in the initial and boundary conditions of the hydrological system; (c) approaches that address uncertainty in model parameters (also called ‘calibration’); (d) a hydrologic model or other approach for converting meteorological inputs into hydrological outputs; and finally (e) approaches for characterizing hydrological model output uncertainty. Also integral to HEPS is a verification system that can be used to evaluate the performance of all of its components. HEPS frameworks are being increasingly adopted by operational hydrometeorological agencies around the world to support risk management related to flash flooding, river and coastal flooding, drought, and water management. Real benefits of ensemble forecasts have been demonstrated in water emergence management decision making, optimization of reservoir operation, and other applications.
Download or read book Assessing the Relationship Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Robin Celestina Sehler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay of precipitation and soil can support human life and destroy it. Adequate rain and soil moisture enable the global food supply to flourish. Inversely, too much precipitation and saturated soil result in flooding. Precipitation's inferred impact on soil moisture is straightforward - precipitation causes soil moisture to increase. The purpose of this study is to determine if satellite data confirms or negates this expected hydrologic relationship. Satellite data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission are used to calculate Pearson's Correlation Coefficient at the global scale, for 8-day composites spanning March 31, 2015 to November 26, 2017. Additionally, MODIS land cover type and Koppen - Geiger climate classification are used to interpret correlation magnitude and direction. Study results indicate 73% of global land have a moderate to very strong correlation between precipitation and soil moisture. Also, 93% of global land surface has a positive correlation, while 1% of land surface has a negative correlation, tending to occur in large river basins. Implications from this study include the informal validation of SMAP data, in light of the functional loss of its active radar.
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Water supply Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook written by Center for Environmental Research Information (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Environmental Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-14 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can we understand and rise to the environmental challenges of global change? One clear answer is to understand the science of global change, not solely in terms of the processes that control changes in climate and the composition of the atmosphere, but in how ecosystems and human society interact with these changes. In the last two decades of the twentieth century, a number of such research effortsâ€"supported by computer and satellite technologyâ€"have been launched. Yet many opportunities for integration remain unexploited, and many fundamental questions remain about the earth's capacity to support a growing human population. This volume encourages a renewed commitment to understanding global change and sets a direction for research in the decade ahead. Through case studies the book explores what can be learned from the lessons of the past 20 years and what are the outstanding scientific questions. Highlights include: Research imperatives and strategies for investigators in the areas of atmospheric chemistry, climate, ecosystem studies, and human dimensions of global change. The context of climate change, including lessons to be gleaned from paleoclimatology. Human responses toâ€"and forcing ofâ€"projected global change. This book offers a comprehensive overview of global change research to date and provides a framework for answering urgent questions.
