Download or read book Examining the Reciprocal Longitudinal Relations Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Infant Positive Emotionality in the First Year Postpartum written by Kate B. Oddi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and infant positive emotionality (PE) in the first year postpartum. It was anticipated that a reciprocal relationship between the variables would be identified. One hundred thirty-five mothers and their infants (62 males, 73 females) were recruited to participate in a larger study examining the development of temperament and emotion regulation in the first three years of life. Mothers provided demographic information and participated in a structured clinical interview when their infants were four months old. When infants reached 6, 8, and 10 months of age, mothers completed questionnaires which assessed maternal depressive symptoms and infant PE. Infants participated in a structured game of Peek-a-Boo with their mothers during laboratory visits and these interactions were later coded for several indicators of infant PE. Trained research assistants also observed infants during laboratory visits and then rated their degree of happiness. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the study's key hypothesis. Surprisingly, results did not support a reciprocal relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and infant PE in the first year of life. However, results did suggest that mothers who had experienced clinical levels of depression within their lifetime rated their eight-month-old infants as less positive on the Infant Behavior Questionnaire--Revised than other mothers. Mothers with a history of clinical depression also tended to have infants who displayed more positivity during the Peek-a-Boo game when they were 6 and 8 months old as compared to other infants. Examination of autoregressive effects indicated consistency with regard to the severity of maternal depressive symptoms between the time infants were 6 and 10 months old. The pattern of autoregressive effects for infant PE depended on the method used to assess the construct, but overall results suggest that infant PE develops considerably in the first 8 months of life. In addition to results concerning autoregressive and cross-lagged effects, analyses revealed important similarities and differences between methods of assessing maternal depression and infant positive emotionality in the first year of life. Implications of the present study's findings for future research and practice are discussed.

Download or read book Depression in Parents Parenting and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Download or read book Examining Trajectories of Maternal Depressive Symptoms in Relation to Infant Affect Expression written by Katherine Guyon-Harris and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research has shown that maternal depression can have serious physical health effects on the developing fetus as well as later cognitive, behavioral, and affective problems in children. One area of clinical significance is the effect of maternal depression across time, including the differential effects of depression on early child development during the transition to motherhood. The present study explored trajectories of maternal depression from pregnancy through 2 years postpartum and their relation to infant affect expression. Data for the study were collected as part of a larger 5-panel longitudinal study on women's transition to motherhood. The present study will us data from the third trimester of pregnancy (T1) and 3 months (T2), 1 year (T3), and 2 years (T4) postpartum. The sample is composed of 120 primarily low-income women and is diverse in terms of ethnicity (62% minority), marital status (64% single), and maternal age (18 - 42 years, M = 26, SD = 5.7). Maternal depression was measured at T1 and T2 using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987; Wisner et al., 2002) and at T3 and T4 using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996). Infant affect expression was assessed at T3 and T4 using coded observations from videotaped mother-infant free-play interactions. It was hypothesized that different subsamples or trajectories of maternal depression would emerge, having differential effects on infant affect expression at each time point. Results indicated that a 4-class model best fit the data, including stable-low, stable-high, increasing, and decreasing trajectories. These trajectories of depressive symptoms were not found to have differential associations with infant affect expression at age 1 or age 2. Results from this study further inform clinicians about possible patterns of maternal depression and aid in the planning of interventions directed at preventing or reducing cases of maternal depression and problematic child affect development.

Download or read book Stress Depression and the Mother infant Relationship Across the First Year written by Lucia Ciciolla and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern affecting up to half a million U.S. women annually. Mexican-American women experience substantially higher rates of PPD, and represent an underserved population with significant health disparities that put these women and their infants at greater risk for substantial psychological and developmental difficulties. The current study utilized data on perceived stress, depression, maternal parenting behavior, and infant social-emotional and cognitive development from 214 Mexican-American mother-infant dyads. The first analysis approach utilized a latent intercept (LI) model to examine how overall mean levels and within-person deviations of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and maternal parenting behavior are related across the postpartum period. Results indicated large, positive between- and within-person correlations between perceived stress and depression. Neither perceived stress nor depressive symptoms were found to have significant between- or within-person associations with the parenting variables. The second analysis approach utilized an autoregressive cross-lagged model with tests of mediation to identify underlying mechanisms among perceived stress, postpartum depressive symptoms, and maternal parenting behavior in the prediction of infant social-emotional and cognitive development. Results indicated that increased depressive symptoms at 12- and 18-weeks were associated with subsequent reports of increased perceived stress at 18- and 24-weeks, respectively. Perceived stress at 12-weeks was found to be negatively associated with subsequent non-hostility at 18-weeks, and both sensitivity and non-hostility were found to be associated with infant cognitive development and social-emotional competencies at 12 months of age (52-weeks), but not with social-emotional problems. The results of the mediation analyses showed that non-hostility at 18- and 24-weeks significantly mediated the association between perceived stress at 12-weeks and infant cognitive development and social-emotional competencies at 52-weeks. The findings extend research that sensitive parenting in early childhood is as important to the development of cognitive ability, social behavior, and emotion regulation in ethnic minority cultures as it is in majority culture families; that maternal perceptions of stress may spillover into parenting behavior, resulting in increased hostility and negatively influencing infant cognitive and social-emotional development; and that symptoms of depressed mood may influence the experience of stress.

Download or read book Longitudinal Relations Among Adolescent Mothers Depression Negative Parenting Social Support and Young Children s Developmental Outcomes written by Danielle Marie Seay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly growing research on mothers’ perinatal depression, has demonstrated significant links among mothers’ depressive symptoms during pregnancy and the first year postpartum, their parenting, and multiple aspects of children’s development. This prospective longitudinal study contributes to research on mothers’ perinatal depression by examining the mechanisms by which maternal perinatal depression is associated with children’s adjustment early in development in a sample of 204 Mexican-origin adolescent mothers (Mage at Wave 1 = 16.80, SD = 1.0) and their children (58% boys). I expected that adolescent mothers’ negative parenting behaviors would mediate the associations between mothers’ perinatal depressive symptoms and three child outcomes: internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, and cognitive ability. I further hypothesized that mothers’ perceived social support from their family would modify the extent to which mothers’ perinatal depressive symptoms negatively impact their parenting behaviors and their children’s developmental outcomes. Mothers reported on their own depressive symptoms, their perceived social support from their family and their children’s internalizing and externalizing problems; negative parenting was assessed using observational methods; and children’s cognitive ability was assessed using standardized developmental assessments. In this sample, adolescent mothers’ negative parenting behaviors did not significantly mediate the relations between mothers’ perinatal depression and children’s developmental outcomes. Further, perceived social support did not significantly buffer the effects of mothers’ perinatal depression on mothers’ negative parenting or children’s developmental outcomes. However, in line with hypotheses, results indicated that mothers’ prenatal depression had a wider impact on children’s adjustment outcomes than mothers’ postpartum depression, which appeared more specific to children’s internalizing problems. Discussion focuses on implications for intervention addressing adolescent mothers’ perinatal depression, as well as the need to continue to explore protective factors that have the potential to disrupt the negative intergenerational transmission of risks. (less)

Download or read book TRAJECTORIES OF MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE IMPACT ON CHILD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT written by Samantha J. Rushworth and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is recognized as a disabling and impairing condition, impacting mood, cognitions, and daily functioning (APA, 2013; WHO, 2017). Women are more likely to develop depression than men (Gutierrez-Lobos et al., 2002; Noble, 2005). The perinatal period is a sensitive time when mothers are vulnerable to developing depression (Noble, 2005; Schiller et al., 2015). Further, postpartum depression is a risk factor for negative outcomes for both mother and child (Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), including child cognitive development (Grace et al., 2003). The onset and course of depression involves a variety of biopsychosocial components that are often accounted for in research on maternal depression (Billings & Moos, 1993; Cummings & Davies, 1994; Nobel, 2005). Examining the severity, chronicity, and time of onset of maternal depression reveals specific patterns or trajectories for the mother's experience; these trajectories can provide better understanding of maternal depression and its impact on child development (Brennan et al., 2000). Maternal depression is prevalent yet under-studied and under-identified in low-middle income countries (LMICs), with most research of postpartum depression centering Western and English-speaking families (Gelaye et al.,2016; Halbreich &Karkun, 2006). To better understand and treat maternal depression across cultures, research is needed in diverse locations with culturally sensitive methods. The purpose of the present study is to identify trajectories of maternal depression in diverse, international locations including LMICs. The MAL-ED Study involves eight study sites (Dhaka, Bangladesh (BGD); Fortaleza, Brazil (BRF); Vellore, India; (INV), Bhaktapur, Nepal (NEB); Loreto, Peru (PEL); Naushahro Feroze, Pakistan (PKN); Venda, South Africa (Dzimauli Community, SAV); and Haydom, Tanzania (TZH)) and incorporates several health-related factors pertaining to mothers and children (Murray-Kolb et al., 2014). The present study included five of the eight international sites. Maternal depression, as measured by the Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ; Beusenberg & Orley, 1994), was assessed across the first two years postpartum, allowing for longitudinal analysis of trajectory using latent class growth analysis (LCGA). Maternal depression trajectories differed across the five sites, but demonstrated a general pattern of high, moderate, and low symptoms for the total sample. Path models were used to determine if there was a relationship between maternal depression trajectories and child cognitive development as measured by the Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (BSID-III, Bayley, 2009) for the total sample. To address the influence of contextual factors, the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME; Caldwell & Bradley, 1984, 2003) was incorporated in analysis as a mediator. However, the mediation analysis was not statistically significant and maternal depression trajectory was not a strong predictor of child cognitive development with the total sample. The results indicated that better home environment predicted improved cognitive scores, regardless of maternal depression trajectories. The present study provided evidence that maternal depression trajectories varied based on cultural group. Although maternal depression trajectories did not predict child cognitive development with the total sample, future research can explore trajectories in each location and relationships with other variables. Additionally, further investigation of how the home environment impacts child cognitive development in the five different locations can be informative for providing services to children and their families.

Download or read book The Interactions Between Prenatal and Postnatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms Protective Factors Stressful Life Events and Neurophysiology in Early Infancy written by Polina Plamenova Stoyanova and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms have been linked to infants' neurophysiological impairments, cognitive deficits, developmental delay, and persisting emotional and behavioral problems. Stressful life events may increase self-perceived depressive symptoms of mothers. Concurrently, social support may reduce prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms. This dissertation investigated how prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms relate to infants' neurophysiological outcomes, as well as to protective factors for the mothers and stressful life events. The impact of maternal educational status on these relations was considered. 150 mothers and infants from socially and culturally disadvantaged families participating in a longitudinal study (Bremen Initiative to Foster Early Childhood Development). The participants were interviewed 1) after the 30th week of their pregnancy and till the 10th week after child birth, and 2) between the 2nd and 4th month after child birth, and 3) between the 6nd and 8th month after child birth. Neurophysiological activity was examined in six-to-eight-month-old infants as assessed by spontaneous Electroencephalogram (EEG). Different statistical analyses were conducted in this dissertation to investigate the interactions firstly, between prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms and infants' neurophysiology and secondly, between prenatal and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms, stressful life events and overall social and partner social support. The results revealed changes of spontaneous brain activity during alert resting states in infants of depressed mothers, which were similarly observed in depressed patients. Low frontal and parietal alpha power and alpha desynchronization were reported for high-risk infants and related to their mother's depressive symptoms and partly to their educational status. Stressful life events were predictors for the occurrence of maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Overall social and partner social support reduced maternal depressive symptoms and thereby, were significant resources for depressed mothers during both prepartum and postpartum. Neurophysiological markers, such as adverse alpha power and alpha desynchronization, might play an important role for the identification of infants at risk. Understanding the role of maternal depressive symptoms and its interactions with overall social and partner social support, stressful life events and maternal educational status may help developing effective intervention programs for families during the phase of pregnancy and early infancy.

Download or read book Examining Parenting Pathways Linking Maternal Depressive Symptoms to Children s Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems written by Pamela Linton Norcross and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The present study utilized a multi-method approach for examining psychopathology trajectories for infants. The extent to which maternal depressive symptoms over the first year of life is linked with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood through insensitive maternal behaviors (unresponsive and overtly negative parenting behaviors) was examined. In addition, the expanse to which these paths were moderated by infant temperament (high negative emotionality) was also examined. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed prenatally and when infants were 6 months old. Maternal parenting behaviors (unresponsive and overtly negative behaviors) were observed at 6 months of age, and infant temperament (negative emotionality) was measured through observation and mother report when infants were 6 months old. Mothers reported on infant's behavior problems (internalizing and externalizing behaviors) when infants were 2 years old. A direct path was significant between maternal depressive symptoms and internalizing behaviors, but was not explained by maternal parenting behaviors. A direct link from infant temperament and both insensitive maternal behaviors were found to be significant, but no indirect effects were found in the path model. Results suggest that maternal depressive symptoms while parenting leave infants at risk for later psychopathology."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Download or read book The Link Between Maternal Deppressive Symptoms and Social Competence at 5 5 Years of Age Among Children Born Pre term and Full term written by Noa Bar Natan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Premature birth may have lifelong effects on infants' neurodevelopmental functions such as increased risk for poor cognitive and social outcomes throughout childhood (Brummelte, Grunau, Synnes, Whitfield & Petrie-Thomas, 2011). However, the lifelong risks associated with prematurity are not homogeneous, and while some preterm infants demonstrate poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, others fall within the normal range. Additionally, previous research indicated that mothers of infants born preterm experience more severe levels of psychological distress (e.g., depression and anxiety symptoms) than mothers of full term infants, during the first year postpartum, and that maternal depressive symptoms have negative implications for children's social functioning during infancy and toddlerhood. However, it is not known whether maternal depressive symptoms during infancy remain an important factor in children's social development in later childhood. The current research aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating the links between maternal depressive symptoms during infancy and children's social functioning at age 5.5 years. We will also examine whether children born preterm are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of maternal depressive symptoms on social functioning. Participants were 90 infants and their mothers who participated in a prospective longitudinal study of infant development from birth to 5.5 years of age. The sample included two groups: 56 infants born preterm (gestation 28-34 weeks) with no significant neonatal neurological complications and 34 healthy infants born at full-term (gestation >37 weeks). Data were collected at birth and when children were 6 months, 12 months and 5.5 years old. Data regarding maternal depressive symptoms were collected at all four time points using questionnaires. When the children were 5.5 years old, mothers were asked to report about their children's social functioning, and children were asked to report about their social competence. Group differences were found between the preterm and full-term groups in maternal depressive symptoms. Mothers of preterm infants reported higher levels of maternal depressive symptoms during infancy, but not at 5.5 years of age. In addition, while maternal depressive symptoms at 5.5 years of age were significantly associated with children's social competence (as reported by the mothers), this was not the case for maternal depressive symptoms during infancy. No group differences were found between the preterm and full-term groups with respect to social competence. Furthermore, the moderating role of prematurity in the link between maternal depressive symptoms and children's social competence was not confirmed. Our findings imply that premature birth is not a risk factor for difficulties in social functioning at age 5.5 years. Moreover, we suggest that throughout the years, premature birth does not necessarily confer increased risk for the mothers' well-being. Additional research is needed to better understand the developmental processes that pave the way to children's successful social adaptation following a premature birth.-- abstract.

Download or read book Associations Between Maternal Depression and Child Social Competence and Display of Problem Behaviors written by Lauren B. Zapata and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Postpartum depression is a significant public health problem facing women, children, and families in the United States with an estimated 10-15% of U.S. mothers experiencing an episode of non-psychotic depression within six months of delivery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal depression during the first three years postpartum and child social competence and display of problem behaviors at first grade. The impact of several characteristics of maternal depression were examined including general exposure, timing of initial onset in the postpartum period, severity of symptoms along the trajectory of initial onset, and chronicity of symptoms. This study also explored the mediating and moderating influences of maternal sensitivity, as well as the moderating influence of exposure to nonmaternal care.

Download or read book Parenting Stress written by Kirby Deater-Deckard and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All parents experience stress as they attempt to meet the challenges of caring for their children. This comprehensive book examines the causes and consequences of parenting distress, drawing on a wide array of findings in current empirical research. Kirby Deater-Deckard explores normal and pathological parenting stress, the influences of parents on their children as well as children on their parents, and the effects of biological and environmental factors. Beginning with an overview of theories of stress and coping, Deater-Deckard goes on to describe how parenting stress is linked with problems in adult and child health (emotional problems, developmental disorders, illness); parental behaviors (warmth, harsh discipline); and factors outside the family (marital quality, work roles, cultural influences). The book concludes with a useful review of coping strategies and interventions that have been demonstrated to alleviate parenting stress.

Download or read book Predicting Social Emotional and Cognitive Development at 24 Months The Impact of Postnatal Maternal Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Mother Child Relationship written by Stephanie F. Donahue and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early childhood is a particularly sensitive time for development, and experiences during this time of life have a lasting impact on later development (Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000). As part of these early experiences, mother-child relationships often become important influences on young children’s social-emotional and cognitive development (e.g., Laible & Thompson, 2007; Osofsky & Liebernman, 2011). Similarly, mothers’ mental health can impact their relationships with their children (e.g., Nicol-Harber, Harvey, & Stein, 2007; Stein et al., 2008) and their children’s development (e.g., Grace, Evindar, & Stewart, 2003; Skylerman et al., 2007). The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of postnatal maternal anxiety (PMA) and postnatal maternal depression (PMD) on children’s social-emotional and cognitive development at 24 months of age. In addition, mother-child relationships (MCR) were examined as a potential mediator between mothers’ postnatal symptoms and children’s development. This study analyzed archival data on 395 healthy mother-child dyads resembling the population of Shelby County, Tennessee. The dyads were followed from mothers’ third trimester of pregnancy to their children’s 24th month. Many of the results do not support previous research linking postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms, mother-child relationships, and children’s development. For example, this study did not find significant relations between postnatal depressive symptoms and mother-child relationships, nor did it find an association between mother-child relationships at 24 months and children’s emotional and behavioral problems. The findings did support previous research indicating that mothers’ postnatal anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted children’s emotional and behavioral problems. In addition, an interesting connection was found between children’s social competence and their cognitive development. The findings’ implications for counseling psychology, future research directions, and study limitations are discussed. .

Download or read book Maternal Depression written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper looks at the prevalence of maternal depression - from pregnancy to child age 4 - and the implications for maternal care and health services. It highlights findings from the Maternal Health Study, a longitudinal study in Victoria of 1,507 first time mothers and their firstborn children. Women participating in the study were surveyed in early pregnancy, at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum, and again when their first child was four years of age. Almost one in three women in the study reported depressive symptoms at some point between pregnancy and four years postpartum, with the the prevalence of depressive symptoms higher at four years postpartum than at any point in the first 12 months after birth. The paper discusses recurrences of depression, the impact of second and subsequent children, association with intimate partner abuse, and the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms at 4 years postpartum.

Download or read book Relationship Between Indicators of Postpartum Depression and Risk of Obesity in Puerto Rican Infants Enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children WIC written by Rocío Colón Trelles and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Background: Childhood obesity has increased significantly over the years, and we are currently experimenting epidemic levels. Most recent studies among group of children living in Puerto Rico revealed that 1 out of 4 children, or approximately 25% of the study population, presented obesity (Elías-Boneta et al., 2015 & Santiago H. et al., 2021). Causal studies have observed variability in the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and children at risk of obesity (Lampard et al., 2014). Objectives: This study assesses the association between maternal depression indicators and the WFL z-score in 12-month-old infants participating in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program. Additionally, it aims to evaluate potential mediators such as maternal age, race, ethnicity, level of education, social vulnerability, infant’s physical activity, and feeding practices. Methods: This study is a secondary database analysis which obtained data from an ongoing community-based lifestyle intervention (Baby-Act Trial). The main variables of interest are infant WFL z-score at 12 months old and maternal depression indicators, measured through the EDPS questionnaire. In addition, confounding variables were evaluated to assess their mediating relationship with the principal variables. A generalized linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the variables. Results: For 192 eligible participants, 4.17% of mothers showed indicators of depression and the infant WFL z-score mean at 12 months old was 1.29 ± 1.73. The unadjusted model showed that there was no significant association between maternal depression indicators and infants’ WFL z-score (p-value = 0.601, 95% CI: -1.40, 0.81). However, we found an overall reduction of 0.30 in WFL z-scores in infants of mothers experiencing possible maternal depression in comparison with non-depressed mothers. Conclusions: Maternal depression indicators were not significantly associated with infant WFL z-score during the first year of life. Moreover, socio-demographics, social vulnerability, infant feeding practices, and physical activity were not mediators in the relationship between maternal depression indicators and the WFL z-score. Sample size determination showed that the prevalence that met inclusion criteria, is below the population level estimate. This might result in a lack of association and high levels of error within the results".

Download or read book The Context and Experience of New Mothers Postpartum Depression Family Relationships Knowledge of Infant Development and Infant Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal psychological well-being is one of many factors that shape the interactions a woman has with her infant. According to Belsky's (1984) Determinants of Parenting Process Model, he suggests that maternal personality and psychological well-being play a significant role in the observation of parenting behaviors. This model was utilized as the overarching framework for this dissertation. The dissertation, in the form of three manuscripts, outlines important factors within the marital relationship that impact postpartum depression, then exploring the moderation of depression by knowledge of infant development in four behavioral scales observed during a mother-infant interaction. Finally, two maternal behaviors that impact child outcomes were utilized as predictors of infant social-emotional and cognitive outcome, while testing for moderation by infant age. Results. In study one, women were more likely to report postpartum depression when they experienced more arguments with family and lower relationship depth. The second study found that knowledge of infant development moderated maternal reports of postpartum depression, thus allowing women with higher knowledge to maintain positive behaviors compared to women with low or average knowledge. The third study indicated that verbal stimulation resulted in higher scores for infant social-emotional and cognitive development, whereas maternal sensitivity was the only variable impacting social-emotional development. The test of moderation by infant age found mothers of older infants did speak more to their older infants, but the differences were minimal. Conclusion. Marital relationships play a significant role in promoting healthy maternal psychological well-being during motherhood. When psychological well-being is compromised via postpartum depression, decreases in maternal behaviors result in lower scores during maternal-child interactions. Maternal sensitivity and verbal stimulation uniquely contributed to infant outcomes. In addition, infant age may impact the observance of these two maternal behaviors resulting in increased or decreased observances based on the infant's age. Thus, use of Belsky's Determinants of Parenting Process Model within this dissertation confirmed the importance of maternal personality and psychological well-being in parenting behaviors. Mothers impacted by postpartum depression suffered a reduction in parenting behaviors, though higher knowledge appeared to buffer these negative effects. Implications for interventions and future work are discussed within each study.

Download or read book The Relation Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Parent Teacher Reporting Discrepancy written by Sarah Boland and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrepancy among informant reporting can have significant implications on intervention and diagnostic/clinical decisions. The nature in which parental behaviors and family dynamics may impact the relation between maternal depression and informant discrepancies in reporting child behavior and temperament has not yet been investigated. Using an archival dataset, participants included 50 female caregivers who had children (ages 3 to 6 years) attending a Head Start preschool and 51 female caregivers who had children in the same age range attending a non-Head Start preschool. Both mothers and teachers completed measures assessing the variables of interest. First, it was expected that the Head Start group would have higher levels of maternal depression, home chaos, negative parenting behaviors, child internalizing symptoms, child externalizing symptoms, and negative affectivity as well as lower positive parenting behaviors, surgency, and effortful control based on both parent and teacher report. Additionally, it was expected that maternal depressive symptoms would positively relate to parent-teacher discrepancy on internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and negative affectivity, whereas it would negatively relate to parent-teacher discrepancy on surgency and effortful control. It was expected that positive parenting behaviors would attenuate the relation between depressive symptoms and discrepancy, whereas home chaos and negative parenting behaviors would exacerbate that relation. To address the existing literature's mixed findings on the role of SES in over-reporting biases, the present study examined type of preschool (Head Start vs. non-Head Start) as a moderator of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and discrepancy. Results yielded several significant correlations among variables of interest. Maternal depressive symptoms significantly predicted only internalizing discrepancy, which additionally held when accounting individually for home chaos, negative parenting, positive parenting, and preschool type. Depressive symptoms also marginally related to externalizing discrepancy at the zero-order level. Positive parenting positively correlated with externalizing discrepancy and effortful control discrepancy. Among explored moderators of the relation between depressive symptoms and discrepancy, only the interaction between preschool type and depressive symptoms marginally predicted effortful control discrepancy. Though the selected variables neither attenuated nor strengthened the relation between depressive symptoms and parent-teacher discrepancy, the current findings warrant several areas for future directions.

Download or read book Causes of Conduct Disorder and Juvenile Delinquency written by Benjamin B. Lahey and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great deal has been learned about serious child and adolescent conduct problems, but their causes are still not well understood. This book brings together an international group of leading authorities to advance specific, testable hypotheses about the causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency. Four general causal models are delineated: the social learning model, the developmental pathways model, an integrative antisocial propensity model, and an integrative ecological/developmental model. Also provided are models focusing on specific aspects of the origins of conduct problems, including contextual, psychological, and biological influences. The authors present significant, original theoretical work and map out the kinds of further studies needed to confirm or disconfirm their new or revised hypotheses.