Download or read book Examining the Association Between Mental Health Status and IPV Re victimization Among Abused Women During Postpartum who Participated in the DOVE Study written by Erica Turner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that affects one in four women during their lifetime. IPV tends to follow a cycle and without intervention the violence can potentially increase in severity and/or frequency. Prior victimization and trauma history are risk factors for future re-victimization. Additionally, reports indicate that about one-third of women experience IPV during pregnancy. A question of interest is whether the mental health status of pregnant women would be associated with increased risk of IPV re-victimization since mental health disorders such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are common during pregnancy. This cross-sectional study was a secondary data analysis of the Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visitation (DOVE) Program. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and IPV re-victimization among abused women at 6-months postpartum. Additionally, this study explored social support as a moderator in the relationship between IPV re-victimization and depression and PSTD. Multiple logistic regression models were employed to examine the aims of this study demonstrated that there was a statistically significant relationship between postpartum depression and IPV re-victimization at 6 months postpartum (p = 0.00). When social support was introduced as a covariate, the relationship between depression and IPV re-victimization increased (p = 0.01). When social support was added to the model as a moderating variable, the combination of depression and medium social support increased the risk of IPV re-victimization ten-fold. Findings from this demonstrate the need to continue to support programs that screen for mental health of women throughout the perinatal period and increase support interventions that effectively manage the impact of postpartum depression. Policies that focus on improving the health of women prior to pregnancy should include continuing to fund preconception health through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) where key preventive services recommendations include screening for IPV and mental health. The unexpected finding related to social support’s influence on the relationship between IPV re-victimization and depression warrants the need for future studies that examine what type of social support women need that could reduce the likelihood of them being re-victimized.
Download or read book Childhood Witnessing of Intimate Partner Violence IPV And Early Adulthood IPV Among Urban Women written by Rachel Kathryn Myers and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annually, more than 15 million U.S. children witness intimate partner violence (IPV) in their homes between caregivers. Witnessing IPV during childhood has been associated with increased risk of adulthood IPV victimization, although this relationship has most commonly been examined among older populations of white adults (McKinney, Caetano, Ramisetty-Mikler, & Nelson, 2009; Straus, 1989; Whitfield, Anda, Dube, & Felitti, 2003), not minority women who experience a disproportionately high burden of IPV victimization (Breiding, Chen, & Black, 2014). It also is unclear whether there are specific characteristics of childhood witnessing of IPV that may aid in understanding the increased probability of IPV victimization observed among young, minority women. This study examined associations between four characteristics of childhood witnessing of IPV (direction of violence witnessed, academic disruption, fearfulness, and frequency) and adulthood physical and sexual IPV victimization. Further, psychosocial moderators of these associations were examined. Existing data collected from 315 women residing in North Philadelphia were analyzed. Overall, 28% of women witnessed IPV during childhood and nearly one in four women reported IPV victimization. Among these women there was diversity with regards to the characteristics of witnessing reported. Unadjusted associations observed that women who witnessed bidirectional IPV, experienced academic disruption, or reported fearful witnessing were significantly more likely to experience adulthood IPV victimization than women who did not witness IPV during childhood. After adjusting for covariates, these witnessing characteristics were no longer significantly associated with adulthood IPV victimization; however, the risk of adulthood IPV victimization was consistently related to current depressive symptoms and substance use. Modest support for effect modification by low self-esteem was observed. A significant difference in the predicted probability of adulthood IPV victimization was observed among women reporting bidirectional childhood witnessing of IPV and high self-esteem in adulthood compared to women reporting bidirectional witnessing and low self-esteem (difference=0.51, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.95, p=0.027). Childhood abuse was associated with greater probability of adulthood IPV victimization regardless of the frequency of childhood witnessing of IPV (aOR=5.8, 95% CI: 2.2, 13.6). Given the high prevalence of childhood witnessing of IPV observed in this study, these findings highlight the importance of screening for childhood IPV witnessing. In addition, these results suggest particular groups of urban women who may be at highest risk for adulthood IPV victimization, including those experiencing depressive symptoms, substance use, and a history of childhood abuse. Identifying adolescents and young adults with these characteristics and providing early prevention services may reduce the probability of future IPV victimization among young, sexually active urban women. Additionally, examining the role of low self-esteem during child- and adulthood may inform efforts to prevent IPV victimization. These findings highlight the need for prospective, longitudinal studies of urban children and adolescents to examine the complex causal pathways between childhood witnessing of IPV, psychosocial characteristics, and adulthood IPV victimization.
Download or read book The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Mental Health Well being Among Women Seeking Help from a Police Station written by Cecilia Mengo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies have examined the relationship between IPV and mental health. However, there is limited knowledge on women who seek help from police stations because many studies have used samples of women residing in domestic violence shelters and medical clinics. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand self-reported mental health symptoms among women seeking help from a police station. Evidence shows that there are many variables that affect the link between IPV and mental health. This dissertation specifically explores the impact of demographic risk factors, type and number of IPV incidents, victim referral needs, and protective factors (social support, coping strategies, and economic resources) on self-reported mental health symptoms. Data from case records of women victims of IPV seeking help from a city police station located in the southwest, United States, were examined to identify: (1) the type and incidents of IPV, (2) demographic risk factors of age, ethnicity, marital status, and financial dependence, (3) protective factors of social support, coping strategies, economic resources, and (4) self-reported mental health symptoms. The sample consisted of 154 women majority (42.9%) of whom were aged between 31-40 years. Nearly half of the women were married (51.9%), about 45.5% were Whites, 28.6% Black/African Americans, 18.8% Hispanic/Latino and 7.1% were categorized as others. More than half of the women experienced physical violence (70.1%); 9.1% experienced sexual violence; 14.9% experienced emotional/stalking violence and 5.8% experienced combined violence. Approximately 67.5% of the women reported some mental health symptoms. Bivariate analyses showed that there were significant differences in mental health symptoms based on protective factors of social support, coping strategies, and economic resources. Contrary to the expectations of this dissertation, those who had more resources significantly reported more mental health symptoms. In addition, those who had more resources reported fewer IPV incidents but these differences were not significant. Overall, victim referral needs, social support, coping strategies, and economic resources were all positively correlated with mental health symptoms. Further, social support was found to postively predict mental health symptoms among women. Coping strategies fully mediated the relationship between the interaction variable of IPV and victim referral needs, and mental health symptoms. Social support and economic resources did not mediate this relationship. Results from this dissertation indicate that development of individuals' protective resources may help protect women from repeated IPV and improve their mental health and well-being. Specifically, coping strategies may reduce the negative impact of IPV on women's mental health. In discussing prevention and intervention efforts with women who have experienced or are at risk of experiencing IPV, social work practitioners need to emphasize the important role of coping resources as a protective factor mental health symptoms.
Download or read book The Influence of Intimate Partner Violence IPV on Neurological and Language Development of Infants and Toddlers 3 24 Months written by Ifeyinwa E. Udo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About one in four women in the United States reports IPV at some point in their lifetime, with 1400 women in the United States dying annually as a result of IPV. While many studies have shown the negative impact of IPV on maternal health and wellbeing, not much is known about how maternal IPV impacts infants and toddlers under the age of two, specifically their neurological and language development. The present study examines the association between IPV scores of pregnant women participating in the Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visitation Program (DOVE) and neurological and language development of infants and toddlers between the ages of 3--24 months. A total of 214 infants and toddlers born to women with mild, moderate and severe IPV were included in the analysis. IPV was determined by the Conflicts Tactics Scale-2 (CTS-2). Neurological and language development were measured with the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the bivariate association between maternal IPV and infants and toddlers' neurological and language development and between other independent variables and neurological and language development. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models with logit link was used in the multivariate analyses to predict the risk neurological and language delay among infants and toddlers as a result of maternal IPV. Infants and toddlers born to women with moderate levels of IPV were 5 times more likely to experience language delay compared to infants and toddlers of women that experienced mild violence (OR=5.31, 95%CI=2.94--9.50, p-value=0.000) after adjusting for potential confounders. Mother's age, partner support, stress and child's gender were associated with language delay. Infants and toddlers born to women that experienced moderate and severe IPV were 5 times and almost 3 times more likely to experience neurological delay respectively, compared to infants and toddlers of women that experienced mild IPV (OR= 5.42, 95% CI= 2.99--9.82, p=0.000 & OR= 2.57, 95% CI= 1.11--5.61, p=0.026). -- Abstract.
Download or read book Examining the Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence and Depression written by Breanna Lynn Free and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the current study was to assess perceived social support as a moderator of the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression. An additional facet of the current study included examination of how IPV measurement might impact results. Participants included 151 racially diverse female survivors of IPV. Two separate path analyses were conducted to assess social support as a moderator of the association between IPV measured both as a unitary construct and as three subtypes (physical IPV, sexual IPV, and psychological IPV) and depression. We expected that differences in findings would emerge based on how IPV was measured, such that social support would influence the relationship between IPV measured as a unitary construct, but not with each subtype and depression. When assessed as a unitary construct, the model examining whether perceived social support moderated the association between IPV and depression was not significant. When assessed as subtypes, the model examining whether perceived social support moderated the association between each type and depression was significant. Results indicated that social support moderated the association between sexual IPV and depression. At low levels of social support, lower levels of depression were noted at low levels of sexual IPV compared to high levels of sexual IPV. This association was not significant at higher levels of social support. Social support did not moderate the association between physical IPV or psychological IPV and depression. These findgins suggest that perceived social support, more specifically low perceived social support, may be particularly relevant with regard to sexual IPV. The current findings suggest that stratifying IPV by type rather than as a unitary construct may be relevant in understanding which variables impact the association between IPV and mental health outcomes. .
Download or read book The Association Between Victimization from Violence and Poor Mental Health Among Adults written by Kyle Jeffery Kazuaki Choi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence and mental disorders or illnesses due to poor mental health are among the leading causes of death and disability among adults in the United States. This study examined the association between victimization from violence and poor mental health in adults using data from the 2002-2006 General Social Survey. This study also investigated how this relationship between victimization from violence and poor mental health differed by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Results from a multivariate linear regression found that victimization from a personal assault, age, gender, social class, and exposure to multiple victimization exposures was associated with higher days of poor mental health. Respondents who were victimized had higher days of poor mental health than respondents who were not victimized; younger respondents had higher days of poor mental health than older respondents; females had higher days of poor mental health than males; respondents in the lower class, working class, and upper class had higher days of poor mental health than respondents in the middle class; respondents exposed to three victimization exposures had higher days of poor mental health than respondents exposed to one victimization exposure. Results from this study suggest that those victimized from violence are likely to benefit from prevention and early intervention treatment programs that deal with treating mental disorders and illnesses, since symptoms could eventually become actual diagnoses.
Download or read book Perceptions of Resource Loss Depression and Anxiety in Post abused Women written by Debra A. Clair and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Each year approximately 1.5 million women in the United States experience intimate partner violence (IPV). Many of these women suffer from depression and anxiety leading to poor physical and mental health outcomes. Women who leave IPV relationships experience resource losses that may exacerbate the depression and anxiety. The purpose of this study was to examine resource losses as predictors of depression and anxiety in post-abused women who were out of IPV relationships for six months or more. Moderator variables were also examined for their effects on resources related to depression and anxiety. The Hobfoll Conservation of Resources Theory served as this study's organizing framework. The theory focuses on resource retention, protection and expansion and states that the loss of resources, actual or potential, is threatening and stressful. Because the loss of resources increases a person's stress, it is often responsible for stress-related outcomes such as depression and anxiety. Women were included in the purposive sample (N = 69) if they were 18 years or older and at one time involved in a heterosexual intimate partner relationship Sample inclusion criteria required that the women were to be physically removed from the abusive relationship for a period of at least six months. A descriptive-correlational design was used for the study. Regression analyses revealed that recent resource losses predicted depression, and past resource losses predicted anxiety, but the variances were small (R2 = .24). This predictive relationship was strengthened when several moderating variables were added to the regression model including physical severity of abuse, a shorter time out of the abuse, lower annual income, and non-Caucasian race (R2 =.46 for depression and R2 =.43 for anxiety). Regaining resources, in addition to seeking treatment for psychological outcomes, often involves a lifelong process. All women who enter the health care system for help with physical and mental health problems need to be assessed for past abuse and resource losses. Health care professionals who are better informed about the subject of resource loss in post-abuse will develop interventions to overcome the barriers deterring post-abused women from full recovery."--Abstract.
Download or read book Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Low Income Women Exposed to Perinatal Intimate Partner Violence written by Jennifer C. Kastello and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy are at increased risk for compromised mental health. There is evidence that trauma, both violent and non-violent events, are associated with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Routine assessment for conditions such as depression and IPV is recommended for women of reproductive age, but the current health care environment impedes the ability of clinicians to complete recommended screenings for every patient. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine trauma, IPV type and IPV severity as predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among low-income women who experienced intimate partner violence during pregnancy. A secondary purpose was to examine the validity of a brief screening measure of self-rated mental health (SRMH) to identify PTSD and depression in comparison to previously established mental health assessment measures. The baseline data of 239 low-income pregnant women who experienced recent IPV was analyzed to address the study objectives. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to describe the sample and identify relationships among the major study variables. Regression models were developed to further explore these relationships to identify predictors of PTSD and depression. Calculation of validity coefficients and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted to determine the ability of SRMH to identify depression and PTSD among these women. PTSD was identified in 40% of the women, while 41% had high risk for depression. Age was the only predictor of PTSD development, with women more likely to develop PTSD as they aged. Women who experienced severe psychological IPV were more likely to have high risk for depression than those exposed to severe sexual or physical IPV. The SRMH item demonstrated moderate validity and accuracy in its ability to detect high risk for depression, suggesting it may be a useful way to increase screening and identification of women at risk for depression and who may benefit from a more comprehensive mental health assessment. These results suggest that current mental health screening measures should be expanded to routinely assess trauma, as well as IPV, to increase early identification and treatment of women most at risk for depression and PTSD. The current clinical climate may not be conducive to completing the recommended routine screenings for each patient. The present study findings indicate that single item measures may be useful, but further research is needed to establish a valid measure of mental health that is quick and efficient in a busy clinical setting.
Download or read book The Association Between Negative Self Based Emotions and Social Support on Mental Health Functioning The Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence written by Judiann McNiff Jones and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a type of trauma that can greatly affect health and social functioning. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are the two most common mental health problems that develop following IPV. IPV is also commonly associated with negative self-based emotions (shame and guilt) and lower levels of perceived social support. Few empirical studies have examined the unique impact that negative self-based emotions have on the maintenance of PTSD and depression, and the role that social support may have on these associations following IPV. This report will address the gaps in the current research and examine how social support may intervene in the association between negative self-based emotional states and mental health functioning. The present study included 152 help-seeking female IPV survivors. Results indicated that shame and guilt were significantly associated with both PTSD and depression. As well, shame and guilt were negatively associated with social support. There was a significant indirect associated noted between shame and guilt via social support such that higher perceptions of social support were associated with lower levels of shame and depression. No other significant indirect associations emerged. These results suggest that negative self-based emotions may contribute to mental health problems after IPV. Future interventions for IPV survivors should make an effort to address negative self-based emotions for women experiencing symptoms of both depression and PTSD. Additionally, interventions geared at increasing perceptions of social support may also help in alleviating post-trauma depression. Results are discussed in light of these findings. .
Download or read book Intimate Partner Violence and Depression in the Latino Community written by Alana Marquez Roth and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pregnancy, a period characterized by physical, emotional, and social changes, elevates the risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women. If experienced, both physical and emotional abuse can cause adverse consequences for mothers and infants. One of those prevalent consequences of IPV is depression. Latinas have been found to experience higher rates of IPV compared to their Caucasian counterparts and depression at 2 to 3 times higher rates than the national average, but are vastly underrepresented in the literature on IPV. The purpose of this study is fourfold. It identifies rates of IPV screening during the perinatal periods. It also examines rates and types of IPV in Latina primary care patients across the perinatal periods, and examines the degree to which IPV rates are accounted for by patient characteristics and type of prenatal care. Lastly, this study investigates the relationship between IPV and depressive symptoms during the perinatal periods. The participant set is 296 low -income Latina primary care patients. Rates of IPV in this population ranged from 7% to 9% throughout the perinatal periods. While 3%-6% of women reported experiencing intimate partner physical abuse, 13%- 23% of women reported experiencing intimate partner emotional abuse. Thus, women reported significantly higher rates of emotional abuse than physical abuse throughout the perinatal periods. Women with higher IPV scores (HITS) were more likely to have higher depression scores (EPDS) throughout this time. Rates of IPV were significantly, positively correlated with rates of depressive symptoms at each trimester and postpartum. Women who preferred their care in Spanish and with greater parity were more likely to have higher rates of IPV (HITS). Both physical and emotional abuse were significantly, positively correlated with depression levels (EPDS) throughout the perinatal periods.
Download or read book Health Impacts of Violent Victimization on Women and Their Children written by C. Nadine Wathen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-researched, analyzed and referenced study examines the consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. It also discusses children witnessing IPV, emphasizing the association with specific physical and mental health outcomes, including health-related quality of life and health risk behaviours. Through a synthesis of current research, the links between violence and health are presented. The report highlights key findings, trends, risk factors, common themes and gaps in research in Canada and includes studies from the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom as appropriate. The study presents growing evidence of the strong links between violence against women and children and significant physical and mental health impairment; and risky health behaviours. It points out that longer-term mental health and chronic diseases are associated with violent victimization. Key findings from the report specific to the health impacts of violent victimization are vast and comprehensively detailed across four categories: intimate partner violence and its impact on women and children's health; non-partner sexual assault of women; child sexual abuse; and multiple forms of child maltreatment/adverse childhood experiences.
Download or read book Differences in Mental Health Outcomes Between Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Victims of Emotional and Physical Intimate Partner Violence written by Edward James Gorski and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been shown to be associated with numerous negative mental health outcomes, including depression (Spencer et al., 2019), anxiety disorders (Fonseca-Machado et al., 2015), and substance use disorders (Cafferky et al., 2018). However, while studies on IPV have become more prevalent in recent years, a significant deficit exists in psychological literature in the study of IPV within sexual minority populations. Sexual minority individuals of both genders are noted to experience IPV at rates similar to those typically seen in heterosexual female populations (Finneran & Stephenson, 2014). In addition, these individuals may experience significant minority stress, specifically in the form of internalized homophobia, that may impact outcomes from experiencing IPV (Lewis et al., 2017). The present study sought to examine differences in the manifestation of negative mental health outcomes between heterosexual and sexual minority individuals who experience physical and emotional IPV victimization. It was speculated that after experiencing IPV victimization, sexual minority individuals would endorse more severe depression, anxiety, and drug and alcohol abuse than heterosexual individuals, and that internalized homophobia would moderate this relationship. Ultimately, sexual minority individuals did not endorse more severe negative mental health outcomes as a result of IPV victimization, and internalized homophobia was only found to moderate the relationship between emotional victimization and alcohol and drug abuse, and physical victimization and alcohol abuse.
Download or read book Posttraumatic Growth written by Richard G. Tedeschi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Posttraumatic Growth reworks and overhauls the seminal 2006 Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth. It provides a wide range of answers to questions concerning knowledge of posttraumatic growth (PTG) theory, its synthesis and contrast with other theories and models, and its applications in diverse settings. The book starts with an overview of the history, components, and outcomes of PTG. Next, chapters review quantitative, qualitative, and cross-cultural research on PTG, including in relation to cognitive function, identity formation, cross-national and gender differences, and similarities and differences between adults and children. The final section shows readers how to facilitate optimal outcomes with PTG at the level of the individual, the group, the community, and society.
Download or read book Screening for Intimate Partner Violence in the Early Postpartum Period written by Tamara Taillieu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Manitoba, government policy is for public health nurses to screen families with newborns within one week post-discharge for a number of risk factors associated with poor child developmental health, including a question on a past or current history of intimate partner violence (IPV) between parenting partners. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the developmental trajectories of mothers and their children from the prenatal period to 5-years post-delivery based on the IPV screen response. Administrative databases housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy provided data for this study. Manitoban women giving birth to a live singleton infant from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2006 were included in analyses. Outcomes assessed included sociodemographic covariates, maternal prenatal morbidities and complications, birth outcomes, maternal postpartum health, child postpartum health, postpartum child welfare organization involvement, and children's readiness for school at kindergarten entry. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine differences in outcomes of interest based on IPV screen response (i.e., negative IPV screen, positive IPV screen, not screened for IPV). In the study population, 66.7% of the sample was screened for a history (past or current) of IPV between parenting partners. Among women who were screened, 2.1% screened positive for IPV. Findings indicated that a positive IPV screen was associated with increased maternal prenatal morbidities (e.g., mental health problems, hospitalizations), as well as more adverse birth outcomes (e.g., low birthweight, preterm birth). In the 5 years post-delivery, a positive screen for IPV at birth was associated with poorer maternal and child health, increased child and families services contact, and children being less ready for school at kindergarten entry relative to those with a negative IPV screen. Similar patterns of adverse outcomes were noted among women (and their children) who were not screened for IPV (vs. women screening negative for IPV) in the early postpartum period. Incorporating IPV screening into routine prenatal care, rather than assessing IPV experiences after birth, may help to better identify families in need of support and, ultimately, improve pregnancy outcomes and the longer-term trajectory of women and their children.
Download or read book The Association Between Lifetime Intimate Partner Violence Social Support and Depression Among Methamphetamine using Men and Women in San Diego CA written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, methamphetamine (MA) use is a growing public health concern, with particularly high rates of MA use in California. MA use has been associated with poor mental health outcomes, including depression, and an increased risk for intimate partner violence (IPV), especially among women. Evidence suggests that a woman's social support is a protective factor that reduces the risk of adverse mental health outcomes. This crosssectional analysis examined the relationship between lifetime physical and sexual IPV, social support and depression. Baseline data of female (n=207) and male (n=219) MA users enrolled in the FASTLANE II Study, an HIV behavioral prevention intervention in San Diego, CA, were used for the analysis. All participants were 18 years or older, tested negative for HIV, selfidentified as heterosexual, had at least one opposite sex partner in the past 2 months, and recently used meth (i.e., snorted, smoked or injected meth) at least once in the past two months. A multivariable logistic regression was performed in order to examine the relationship between IPV and depression, and the interaction between IPV and social support. This sample was ethnically diverse with a majority of women self-identifying as White (38%) and a majority of men self-identifying as African American (40%). About 60% of men and 88% of women reported ever experiencing physical and/or sexual IPV. With regards to the outcome, 66% of men and 80% of women experienced depressive symptoms in the past two weeks. The median social support score among men and women was 26 (interquartile range=:7, 28) and 24 (interquartile range=:7, 28), respectively. Among male MA users, lifetime IPV was found to be associated with depression after adjusting for social support. Social support was associated with depression among men ([aOR]: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84-0.98) and women ([aOR]: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.93). Social support was found to be a protective factor for depression among men and women. Programs and services that target MA-using individuals with depressive symptoms may benefit from incorporating a social support component to optimize health outcomes.
Download or read book Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Experienced by African American Women in Primary Care written by Kate Barse and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pregnancy and the postpartum period for women is a unique time in which women experience numerous changes impacting their physical, mental, and social well -being. While mood disorders and intimate partner violence are well researched, they are underrepresented in the literature as they relate to the pregnancy and postpartum period. Specifically, pregnant and postpartum African American women are underrepresented in research related to depression and intimate partner violence (IPV). The purpose of this study is to examine rates of depression and IPV in pregnant and postpartum women across the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and during the postpartum period. Second, because very little research has been conducted on the relationship between depression and IPV in African American women during the perinatal period, the relationship between these variables and various patient characteristics were examined. The participant set consisted of 233 African American women seeking prenatal care at a primary care clinic in a medically underserved area of an urban midwestern city. Rates of IPV and depression during the perinatal period were generally found to lie at the low end of expected ranges. The rate of self-reported, recent IPV at any point during pregnancy was 3.4% and less than 1% and 2% across the trimesters. Postpartum rates were lower than anticipated, at less than 1%. Similarly with respect to expectations, a quarter (24.5%) of patients screened positive for depression at some point during pregnancy. Interestingly, depression rates at postpartum were also substantially lower than anticipated, at only 7%. Despite the historical attention to the postpartum period, reported symptoms at that time period were significantly lower than in the second trimester. Recent, self-reported IPV and depressive symptoms were found to be significantly, positively related during both the second trimester and at postpartum as reported on the Hurts, Insults, Threatens, and Screams at (HITS) screening measure and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS ). There was no significant difference in reported depressive symptoms at postpartum between patients who screened positive for IPV during pregnancy and those who did not. Implications for perinatal screening care and research related to IPV and depression are presented. Keywords: African American women, intimate partner violence, depression, pregnancy, postpartum
Download or read book Partner and Family Relationships and Postpartum Mental Health in Latina and Non Hispanic White Mothers written by Lynlee Renee Tanner Stapleton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pregnancy and postpartum are critical periods for child and family development and portend risk for maternal mental health disturbances, with potential for long-term effects of maternal adjustment on child development. Although the predictors and sequelae of maternal postpartum depression and anxiety are often the subject of inquiry, much remains to be learned about the role of the social environment and ethnicity/culture. The current research addresses gaps in our understanding of perinatal partner and family relationship functioning and the influence of these close relationships on postpartum mental health. Additionally, it explores how these associations might differ for Latina and non-Hispanic White women, in light of differences in socio-demographic background, such as income, education, immigration, and acculturation. Study 1 presents data from a multi-site, community-based participatory research project that describe the postpartum partner and family relationship functioning of 308 Latina and 190 non-Hispanic White women and compare associations between relationship functioning and postpartum mental health (depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and generalized anxiety) across groups. Study 1 also presents multivariate models of socio-demographic variables, acculturation, and partner and family relationships predicting maternal postpartum mental health. Study 2 draws from a longitudinal sample of 81 Latina and 63 non-Hispanic White to examine the ways in which longitudinal changes in partner relationship quality from pregnancy to postpartum are associated with maternal depression in both ethnic groups. Findings underscore the robust influence of partner and family relationship functioning on maternal postpartum mental health across widely varying levels of socio-demographic background and point to surprising similarity in patterns of association for Latinas and non-Hispanic White women. Variables such as parity, marital status, income, and age repeatedly accounted for more between-group differences in relationship functioning and maternal mental health than did ethnicity. This research adds to our understanding of the psychosocial contributors to postpartum mental health in Latina women and suggests that efforts to reduce strain and improve the quality of partner and family relationships before and after pregnancy could have beneficial influence on postpartum depression and anxiety for both Latinas and NH-Whites.
