Download or read book Examining Social Support as a Moderator of the Link Between Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Health Among Latinos as in the United States written by Sandra P. Piedrahita Palacio and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present study was two-fold. First, it examined the relationship of perceived ethnic discrimination with psychological distress (depression and anxiety) and psychological well-being (self-acceptance and purpose in life) among Latina/os living in the United States. Second, social support was explored as a possible moderator of the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological health variables. Although initially proposed as a second possible moderator of the perceived discrimination - mental health link, ethnic identity affirmation was not explored due to a an extreme skewness in scores of this variable. All 137 participants were adults, self-identified as Latino/a or related ethnicity (e.g., Puerto Rican), and had lived in the U.S. for at least 1 year. Findings indicated a significant and positive association between perceived ethnic discrimination with depression and anxiety. Discrimination was correlated inversely and significantly with self-acceptance; no significant association was found with purpose in life. Regression analyses indicated that social support accounted for a significant amount of variability for depression, anxiety, self-acceptance, and purpose in life. Education was found to be a significant predictor or self-acceptance and purpose in life, but not of depression or anxiety. Social support was found to moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and anxiety, such that at higher levels of social support, the association between discrimination and anxiety was positive and significant, while at low levels the association was not significant. Social support was not found to moderate the relationships between perceived discrimination with depression, self-acceptance, or purpose in life.
Download or read book The Effects of Perceived Discrimination and Cultural Protective Factors on Latinos as Psychological Health written by Arlene Orozco and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the correlational findings, Hypothesis 1 was partially supported, where Latinos'/as' perceived discrimination was significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression, but not with self-esteem. In Hypotheses 2--5, four culturally protective factors were hypothesized as moderators (buffers) on the relations between perceived discrimination and psychological functioning. These four culturally protective factors were enculturation, ethnic identity, familismo, and acculturation. Based on the hierarchical regression findings, none of the identified protective factors were found as moderators on the relations between perceived discrimination and psychological functioning. The study strengths and limitations as well as practical implications and future research are discussed.
Download or read book Latinos Use of Mental Health Related Services Using a HealthCrit and LatCrit Lens to Examine the Role of Perceived Ethnic Discrimination as an Indicator of the Socio Environmental Consequences of Living in a Racialized Society written by Imelda Padilla-Frausto and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current political climate has erupted long standing undercurrents of racism and hatred in the U.S. with a particular focus on Latinos and immigrants. The ill effects of this climate have been well established. However, little research has examined how discrimination or neighborhood crime can contribute to Latinos' need for and use of mental health services. Building upon existing research and drawing from the Public Health Critical Race praxis and Latino Critical Theory, this dissertation aims to ascertain the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination, perceived neighborhood crime and Latinos' use of mental health-related services; whether a diagnosable disorder mediates or moderates this relationship; and how these relationships differ by nativity and citizenship status. Data are drawn from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Multiple multivariate logistic regression models with mediation and moderation methods were used. This study finds perceived ethnic discrimination and perceived neighborhood crime have a statistically significant positive association with mental health-related service use and varied by Latinos' nativity and citizenship status. From mediation analyses, this study supports a hypothesized causal mechanism which finds that having a disorder may partially explain the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and services use among U.S.-born Latinos only, and may fully explain the relationship between perceived neighborhood crime and service use among noncitizen Latinos only. From moderation analyses, this study supports the conditioning effect of having a disorder. Increases in perceived ethnic discrimination increased service use among U.S.-born Latinos without a disorder, but was a slight barrier to service use for similar Latinos with a disorder. Also, increases in perceived neighborhood crime increased service use for noncitizen Latinos with a disorder, but had no service effect for similar Latinos without a disorder. This study moves the field forward by establishing a relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination, perceived neighborhood crime and mental health-related services use among Latinos. Different aspects of racialization in the U.S. need to be critically identified and assessed to properly address the social and political determinants of poor mental health and service use among Latinos. The findings of this study have important implications for theory, practice and policy.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book The Role of Cognitive Appraisal in the Relationship Between Perceived Racial Discrimination and Psychological Distress Among Latinos written by Cheyenne M. Dunbar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research has established a relationship between perceived racial discrimination (how frequently a discriminatory situation occurs) and psychological distress (e.g., depression and anxiety). The present study aims to contribute a more detailed view of this relationship by (a) examining cognitive appraisal as a moderator of this relationship and (b) measuring psychological distress at explicit and implicit levels of responding. Cognitive appraisal is the way in which an individual defines and evaluates his or her environment. There are several dimensions of cognitive appraisal that are relevant to the perceived discrimination -- psychological distress relationship, including stressfulness, harmfulness, controllability, and ability to cope. Situations perceived as high harm and stress, low control and ability to cope have been found to account for greater psychological distress. Herein, it is argued that frequently recurring discriminatory events that are perceived as relatively benign (i.e., low harm and stress, high control and ability to cope) can also be linked to psychological distress. Therefore, it was predicted that low harm and stress, high control and ability to cope situations would account for greater psychological distress, especially when these situations occur with greater frequency. In addition, it was argued that racial minority group members may not be fully aware of, or willing to self-report, the adverse effects of perceived discrimination. There may be two distinct levels of thoughts and feelings in relation to perceived discrimination: the consciously accessible and controllable (explicit) level and the inaccessible and automatic (implicit) level. Thus, studying psychological distress at the implicit level may provide additional insights into the detrimental impact of racial discrimination. Data were collected from a sample of 152 Latino college students. The frequency of personal experiences of racial discrimination was assessed using the Schedule of Racist Events. Cognitive appraisals were assessed using a series of items designed to measure stressfulness, harmfulness, controllability, and ability to cope. Two Implicit Association Tests were used to measure the extent to which the self was associated with the concepts "depressed" vs. "happy" and "anxious" vs. "calm." Participants also completed parallel explicit measures of depression and anxiety, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies --Depression Scale. In line with previous research, increased frequency of perceived discrimination was related to greater explicit psychological distress (i.e., depression and anxiety). In addition, decreased controllability and ability to cope were related to increased explicit depression. None of the predicted interaction effects of frequency with the cognitive appraisal dimensions reached statistical significance. Furthermore, there were no significant main effects or interactions on the implicit measures of depression and anxiety. This study provides additional evidence for the link between frequency of perceived discrimination and mental health, and suggests that the role of cognitive appraisal in the perceived discrimination -- mental health relationship may be more tenuous that what is typically assumed.
Download or read book Perceived Discrimination Substance Use and Mental Health written by Hugo Salgado and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence suggests that among Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States, perceived discrimination is a significant stressor that may be a risk factor for unhealthy behaviors such as alcohol use, smoking and negative health outcomes such as depression. However, the Hispanic/Latino population might have different susceptibilities to the stressors of discrimination based on their specific heritage as they continue to be portrayed as a homogeneous group while disregarding the unique heritage-specific attributes that constitute this larger ethnic population. Aims : The aims of this dissertation were : (1) To examine whether self-reports of perceived discrimination across different Hispanic/Latino heritage groups were associated with alcohol use and abuse. (2) To determine whether reports of perceived discrimination across different Hispanic/Latino heritage groups were associated with smoking and (3) To assess the association between migration, discrimination and depressive symptoms among a population of indigenous Mayan migrants. Methods : In Chapters 2 and 3, 16,415 individuals who self-identified as Hispanic/Latino and were between the ages of 18-74 were randomly selected, recruited and interviewed by the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos in the communities of The Bronx, New York; Chicago, Illinois; San Diego, California and Miami, Florida. Perceived discrimination and its association with alcohol use and smoking were explored. In Chapter 4, a total of 650 individuals of Tunkaseño heritage (a community of indigenous Maya from the Mexican state of Yucatán) were recruited binationally in the town of Tunkás and the satellite communities of Anaheim and Inglewood, California by The Mexican Migration Field Research Program staff. We assessed the association between migration history, religiosity and perceived discrimination. Results : Chapter 2 found that individuals of Cuban heritage who reported perceived discrimination were significantly more likely to report alcohol use. In Chapter 3 no significant association was found between those who reported perceived discrimination and smoking after controlling for identified psychosocial variables and alcohol use. Chapter 4 found that migration experience and current U.S. residence was associated with perceived discrimination, which in turn was associated with a higher risk for depressive symptoms, but this finding was not supported in gender-stratified analyses. Among women not living in the U.S, religiosity was associated with less discrimination. Also discrimination was found to be pervasive among male and female transnational and domestic migrants while religiosity served as a possible protective factor against discrimination for some women. Conclusions : Results from these studies have important implications for the development and restructuring of programs designed to assist Hispanics/Latinos with substance abuse or depression. Public health programs should include perceived discrimination and migration history as a potential risk for substance use and negative mental health outcomes, and be tailored individually to Hispanic/Latino heritage.
Download or read book The Efffects of Ethnic Identity and Perceived Racial Discrimination on Psychological Distress in a Sample of Latinos written by Joseph Anthony Toruno and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the current study is to examine the role of ethnic identity as a potential moderator in the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of Latino college students. Previous research has demonstrated a moderating effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological distress ; however, this study also considers social support and self-esteem as covariates. The study sample consisted of 126 Latino college students. Participants were instructed to complete questionaires at home and researchers collected the surveys one week later.
Download or read book Handbook on Positive Development of Minority Children and Youth written by Natasha J. Cabrera and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook presents current research on children and youth in ethnic minority families. It reflects the development currently taking place in the field of social sciences research to highlight the positive adaptation of minority children and youth. It offers a succinct synthesis of where the field is and where it needs to go. It brings together an international group of leading researchers, and, in view of globalization and increased migration and immigration, it addresses what aspects of children and youth growing in ethnic minority families are universal across contexts and what aspects are more context-specific. The Handbook examines the individual, family, peers, and neighborhood/policy factors that protect children and promote positive adaptation. It examines the factors that support children’s social integration, psychosocial adaptation, and external functioning. Finally, it looks at the mechanisms that explain why social adaptation occurs.
Download or read book Culturally Responsive Counseling With Latinas os written by Patricia Arredondo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides culture-centered assessment and intervention strategies for effective clinical practice with Latina/o individuals and families. Mental health professionals will gain new and expanded cultural competence as they learn to sensitively and ethically integrate Latino values into their work. Throughout the text, case scenarios illustrate ways to work successfully with clients of all ages. A sample culture-centered clinical interview is included, along with a listing of Latino-specific mental health resources. Topics discussed include roles, relationships, and expectations in Latino families; cultural and bicultural values; gender role socialization; generational differences; identity and acculturation issues; educational values and achievement; Latinas/os in the workforce; and religious beliefs and practices. *Requests for digital versions from ACA can be found on www.wiley.com. *To purchase print copies, please visit the ACA website *Reproduction requests for material from books published by ACA should be directed to [email protected]
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Stigma Discrimination and Health written by Brenda Major and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stigma leads to poorer health. In The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health, leading scholars identify stigma mechanisms that operate at multiple levels to erode the health of stigmatized individuals and, collectively, produce health disparities. This book provides unique insights concerning the link between stigma and health across various types of stigma and groups.
Download or read book The Social Net written by Yair Amichai-Hamburger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do people fall in love on the Internet? Why is cyberspace such a violent place? This volume answers these and many other questions, focusing on the psychological well-being of Internet users and the commercial benefits of understanding online behaviour.
Download or read book The Handbook of Culture and Biology written by Jose M. Causadias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-30 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to empirical and theoretical research advances in culture and biology interplay Culture and biology are considered as two domains of equal importance and constant coevolution, although they have traditionally been studied in isolation. The Handbook of Culture and Biology is a comprehensive resource that focuses on theory and research in culture and biology interplay. This emerging field centers on how these two processes have evolved together, how culture, biology, and environment influence each other, and how they shape behavior, cognition, and development among humans and animals across multiple levels, types, timeframes, and domains of analysis. The text provides an overview of current empirical and theoretical advances in culture and biology interplay research through the work of some of the most influential scholars in the field. Harnessing insights from a range of disciplines (e.g., biology, neuroscience, primatology, psychology) and research methods (experiments, genetic epidemiology, naturalistic observations, neuroimaging), it explores diverse topics including animal culture, cultural genomics, and neurobiology of cultural experiences. The authors also advance the field by discussing key challenges and limitations in current research. The Handbook of Culture and Biology is an important resource that: Gathers related research areas into the single, cohesive field of culture and biology interplay Offers a unique and comprehensive collection from leading and influential scholars Contains information from a wide range of disciplines and research methods Introduces well-validated and coherently articulated conceptual frameworks Written for scholars in the field, this handbook brings together related areas of research and theory that have traditionally been disjointed into the single, cohesive field of culture and biology interplay.
Download or read book Ethnicity and Psychological Distress Among Latino Adults written by Yanmei Xu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latino population has been increasing at an unprecedented rate and has replaced African Americans as the largest racial/ethnic minority group in the US. In spite of this increase, the factors that contribute to variation in the mental health of Latinos are understudied. Using data from the National Asian and Latino American Study (NLAAS) - the first study to include a nationally representative sample of Latino Americans - I examine the association between psychological distress; socioeconomic status measured as education, household income, and wealth; familism measured as marital status, household size, family cohesion, and perceived family support; and generational status for three Latino subgroups: Mexicans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans. The results of regression analysis indicate that education and wealth are associated with psychological distress among Cubans but that only wealth is strongly associated with psychological distress among Puerto Ricans. The finding that only wealth is weakly associated with psychological distress among Mexicans suggests that the Hispanic Health Paradox only applies to Mexicans. No threshold effect of socio-economic status was observed for any Latino group. Marital status and household size are not associated with distress. I find that perceived family support moderates the health impact of low education and low income for Cubans but find no evidence of moderation among Mexicans and Puerto Ricans. This suggests that the traditional familism associated with Latino cultures is particularly salient for the well-being of less affluent Cuban immigrants. There is no direct or moderating effect of generational status on the psychological distress for any of the three Latino sub-groups, which does not support the central premise of the acculturation hypothesis. This study highlights the importance of examining ethnic variations in the association of social and cultural factors and mental health among Latinos and of identifying the mental health impact of various measures of socio-economic status and familism.
Download or read book Motivational Aspects of Prejudice and Racism written by Cynthia Willis-Esqueda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gain new insights into the causes and the solutions to prejudice and racism with this thought-provoking book. It provides substantial evidence that shows how prejudice and racism stem from basic motives, such as belonging, understanding, and controlling. Moreover, the author demonstrates why new approaches to understanding prejudice and racism must study both cognitive and motivational aspects.
Download or read book Discrimination and Health written by Alisha D. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The perception of discrimination is a stressor that can lead to a reduction in an individual's reserve capacity and an increase in negative emotions, among other deleterious effects. I tested the Reserve Capacity Model as it relates to measures of physical and mental-health related quality of life. A sample of 236 Hispanic Americans completed measures of perceived discrimination, optimism, social support, and symptoms of trait anxiety. Path analysis was used to examine relationships between these variables and the outcome variables of physical and mental health-related quality of life. Results indicated direct and negative relationships between perceptions of discrimination and physical and mental health-related quality of life (r = -.18, p
Download or read book Risk Factors in Depression written by Keith S. Dobson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders, affecting 14% of all people at some point in their lifetime. Women are twice as likely to become depressed as men, but beyond gender there are a variety of risk factors that influence the prevalence and likelihood of experiencing depression. Risk Factors in Depression consolidates research findings on risk factors into one source, for ease of reference for both researchers and clinicians in practice. The book divides risk factors into biological, cognitive, and social risk factors. This provides researchers with the opportunity to examine the interface among different theoretical perspectives and variables, and to look for the opportunity for more complex and explanatory models of depression. Allows reader to compare and contrast the relative states of development of different models and their databases Examines the predictive power of these models related to various phases of clinical depression, including onset, maintenance, and relapse Provides an examination of the therapeutic implications of comprehensive and integrative models of depression
Download or read book The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment written by Mark E. Maruish and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-07-19 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Test-based psychological assessment has been significantly affected by the health care revolution in the United States during the past two decades. Despite new limitations on psychological services across the board and psychological testing in particular, it continues to offer a rapid and efficient method of identifying problems, planning and monitoring a course of treatment, and assessing the outcomes of interventions. This thoroughly revised and greatly expanded third edition of a classic reference, now three volumes, constitutes an invaluable resource for practitioners who in a managed care era need to focus their testing not on the general goals of personality assessment, symptom identification, and diagnosis so often presented to them as students and trainees, but on specific questions: What course of treatment should this person receive? How is it going? Was it effective? New chapters describe new tests and models and new concerns such as ethical aspects of outcomes assessment. Volume I reviews general issues and recommendations concerning the use of psychological testing for screening for psychological disturbances, planning and monitoring appropriate interventions, and the assessing outcomes, and offers specific guidelines for selecting instruments. It also considers more specific issues such as the analysis of group and individual patient data, the selection and implementation of outcomes instrumentation, and the ethics of gathering and using outcomes data. Volume II discusses psychological measures developed for use with younger children and adolescents that can be used for the purposes outlined in Volume I; Volume III, those developed for use with adults. Drawing on the knowledge and experience of a diverse group of leading experts--test developers, researchers, clinicians and others, the third edition of The Use of Psychological Testing for Treatment Planning and Outcomes Assessment provides vital assistance to all clinicians, and to their trainees and graduate students.
