Download or read book Examining How Obesity Associated Inflammation Promotes Mammary Gland and Mammary Tumor Fibrosis written by Genevra Kuziel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a global health concern. In postmenopausal women, obesity is a significant risk factor for development of hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Regardless of menopausal status of the patient or hormone receptor status of the tumor, obesity ultimately results in decreased patient survival. Within adipose tissue, obesity induces a state of low-grade chronic inflammation. This is driven by macrophage recruitment to the adipose tissue to clear out dying and dead adipocytes. Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is associated with adipose tissue fibrosis. The research presented in this thesis focused on examining changes within the mammary gland and mammary tumor microenvironments with weight gain and weight loss, and the link between inflammation and fibrosis. The importance of inflammatory CCL2-CCR2 signaling was also examined. CCL2 is a chemokine first expressed by adipocytes in obese adipose tissue and is critical for recruitment of inflammatory macrophages to the pathologically expanding adipose tissue. CCR2 is the receptor for CCL2. Finally, the research focused on describing the role of fibrocytes in the mammary gland and mammary tumor microenvironments. Fibrocytes are cells that originate in the myeloid progenitor cell population and can be recruited to areas of inflammation and fibrosis, as well as wound healing, and contribute to the myofibroblast population and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. These cells have not yet been examined in obesity or obesity-associated breast cancer.In the first research chapter, the influence of obesity and the importance of CCR2 signaling to the development of the mammary gland microenvironment were examined using a diet-induced obesity mouse model and a CCR2 knockout mouse model. In the second research chapter, the influence of obesity as well as weight loss on the mammary gland and mammary tumor microenvironments was examined using a diet-induced obesity mouse model. In the third research chapter, the importance of CCL2 signaling and CD11b+ myeloid lineage cells to mammary tumor growth and development of the mammary tumor microenvironment was examined. This research utilized the Human-In-Mouse (HIM) model to create a mammary gland microenvironment with increased stromal CCL2 signaling, as well as the CD11b-DTR mouse model. Overall, the research presented in this thesis demonstrates the importance of obesity associated inflammation for the development of collagen fibrosis in both mammary gland and mammary tumor, along with suggested participation from elevated myeloid lineage fibrocytes. Elucidating the contributions of obesity to mammary tumor formation, tumor growth, and the composition of the tumor microenvironment may ultimately lead to better treatment options for obese breast cancer patients.
Download or read book Interactions Among Epithelial Cells and Macrophages to Promote Obesity associated Breast Cancer written by Tamara Chamberlin-Safrit and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women and for triple negative and inflammatory breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal women. Obesity is also linked to a poor clinical prognosis. The rise of obesity worldwide signifies the need to better understand these links of obesity to breast cancer. To study how obesity impacts breast cancer risk, we examined mammary glands from mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) and reduction mammoplasty tissue from women with known BMI to identify how obesity alters normal mammary tissue. Within the mammary epithelium, we observed increased stem/progenitor activity with enhanced numbers of cells expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ER[small alpha]), as well as, loss of basal/myoepithelial cell populations. We also observed increased macrophage infiltration surrounding mammary ducts. Using macrophage depletion strategies, we identified macrophage-secreted decorin as a regulator of TGF[capital beta] activity specific to obesity. Many of these changes in obese mammary tissue appeared to be reversible with weight loss. To study carcinogenesis in obesity, we utilized a well-characterized trp53-/- transplant model of mouse mammary tumorigenesis. Mice fed the HFD had increased tumor incidence compared to controls. Eight weeks after transplant, preneoplastic hyperplastic mammary ducts were significantly increased in obese mice with luminal epithelial cell expansion, loss of basal cells, and enhanced stem/progenitor activity. Similar to non-tumor bearing mice, we observed an increased recruitment of macrophages to the preneoplastic lesions in obese mammary tissue compared to controls. To understand how macrophage-driven inflammation due to obesity promoted tumor formation, mice were treated with IgG or anti-F4/80 antibodies to deplete macrophages following the transplant of p53-/- mammary epithelial cells. Obese mice treated with anti-F4/80 antibodies demonstrated enhanced mammary epithelial stem/progenitor activity, elevated expression of ER[small alpha], and increased numbers of cells expressing [capital gamma]H2AX, a marker for DNA damage. Depletion of macrophages in the HFD-fed mice lead to tumor formation at 8 weeks post-transplant. Cumulatively, these results suggest macrophages decrease the presence of DNA damaged cells in obesity, which may decrease tumor formation or prolong tumor latency. Together our studies show altered breast cancer risk through influences on mammary microenvironment and stem and progenitor cells under obesity.
Download or read book Inflammation and Cancer written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines in detail the role of chronic inflammatory processes in the development of several types of cancer. Leading experts describe the latest results of molecular and cellular research on infection, cancer-related inflammation and tumorigenesis. Further, the clinical significance of these findings in preventing cancer progression and approaches to treating the diseases are discussed. Individual chapters cover cancer of the lung, colon, breast, brain, head and neck, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, liver, cervix and skin as well as gastric cancer, sarcoma, lymphoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma.
Download or read book The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System RAS written by Thomas Unger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-18 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications is the first comprehensive publication to signal the protective role of a distinct part of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), providing readers with early insight into a complex system which will become of major medical importance in the near future. Focusing on recent research, The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System presents a host of new experimental studies on specific components of the RAS, namely angiotensin AT2 receptors (AT2R), the angiotensin (1–7) peptide with its receptor Mas, and the enzyme ACE 2, which exert significant beneficial, health-promoting actions by counterbalancing the well-known harmful arm of the RAS with its classical angiotensin AT1 receptor. This innovative concept of the protective arm of the RAS, examined in this reference, represents an indispensable background and will be a strong support for biomedical students, researchers, cardiologists, surgeons, nephrologists, diabetologists, and endocrinologists, as well as any other physician or researcher concerned with RAS physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Provides a complete understanding of the protective side of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) involving angiotensin AT2 receptor, ACE2, and Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor Combines the knowledge of editors who pioneered research on the protective renin angiotensin system including; Dr. Thomas Unger, one of the founders of AT2 receptor research; Dr. Ulrike M. Steckelings, who contributed significantly to first preclinical studies with a novel specific AT2-agonist, and Dr. Robson Santos who pioneered research on angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas. Shows that the protective RAS axes are able to ameliorate the course of several cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and neurological diseases Provides the basis for the understanding of a novel therapeutic approach to stimulate components of the protective arm of the RAS.
Download or read book Micro and Macro Environmental Factors in Solid Cancers written by Elda Tagliabue and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-28 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although cancer development and progression depend on stochastic mutational events, the tumor has to be seen in the context of the host environment, and unraveling the environmental factors that support solid tumors is at the root of cancer prevention and cure. This Special Issue, focused on the dynamic crosstalk that occurs between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment and also including the cancer cells that represent a reservoir of self-sustaining cells for tumor maintenance, adds new knowledge about tumor–host interactions that is useful for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Download or read book The Surgeon General s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity written by and published by Office of the Surgeon General. This book was released on 2001 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promotes the recognition, treatment, and prevention of conditions of overweight and obesity in the United States.
Download or read book Breast Cancer in Australia written by and published by AIHW. This book was released on 2012 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes separate statistics based on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status.
Download or read book Cancer and Energy Balance Epidemiology and Overview written by Nathan A. Berger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Balance and Cancer, Epidemiology and Overview is the first in a series of monographs to address the multiple facets of the world wide pandemic of overweight and obesity and its relation to cancer. This volume, authored by leading experts in their perspective fields, provides a broad and comprehensive overview of the problem from the epidemiologic viewpoint with focus on both general and special populations as well as a description of potential molecular mechanisms and reviews of the latest studies of factors impacting the association of energy balance and cancer including the effects of genetics, caloric restriction, exercise, behavior and the built environment. The collected chapters and the authors contributing to this initial volume represent a transdisciplinary approach to analyze and develop novel approaches to understand and solve what, up to now, is a globally refractory problem. The book is written to be understandable and informative to individuals from all concerned disciplines. It should serve to orient students, investigators, nutritionists, public health officials, community planners, clinicians and policy makers to the extent of the problem, its multiple dimensions and potential approaches for research and corrective interventions.
Download or read book Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology written by Henryk A. Domanski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-13 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all of the diagnostic areas where FNAC is used today. This includes palpable lesions and lesions sampled using various radiological methods, and correlations with ancillary examinations detailed on an entity-by-entity basis. As well as being a complete atlas of the facts and findings important to FNAC, this atlas is a guide to diagnostic methods that optimize health care. The interaction of the cytologist or cytopathologist with other specialists (radiologists, oncologists and surgeons) involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicious mass lesions is emphasized and illustrated throughout. With contributions from experts in the field internationally and abundant colour images Atlas of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to FNAC for pathologists, cytopathologists, radiologists, oncologists, surgeons and others involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspicious mass lesions.
Download or read book Advances in Nutrition and Cancer 2 written by Vincenzo Zappia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions presented at the Second International Sym posium on Nutrition and Cancer, held in Naples, Italy, in October 1998 at the National Tumor Institute "Fondazione Pascale." During the Conference, experts from different disciplines discussed pivotal and timely subjects on the interactions between human nutrition and the development of malignancies. Comparing the themes of this Meeting with those discussed at the First Sympo sium in 1992, the major scientific advancements certainly derive from the extensive use of molecular approaches to perform research in nutrition. Moreover, the fundamental observation of R. Doll and R. Peto (1981), which suggested that at least 35% of all cancers (with large differences among different tumors) might be prevented by dietary regimens, has been definitively confirmed by epidemiological studies. On the other hand, the relationships between diet and cancer are quite intricate and complex; it is difficult, and at the same time not methodologically correct, to reduce them to simple terms. Metabolic and hormonal factors, contaminants and biological agents, and deficiency of specific protective nutrients are all pieces of the same puzzle.
Download or read book Multiparametric Ultrasound Diagnosis of Breast Diseases written by Gennady T. Sukhikh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This richly illustrated book provides a comprehensive overview of the use of current ultrasound techniques, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasonic elastography, in the diagnosis of breast disease. The advantages and pitfalls of the various imaging modalities are identified, and it is explained how combined use of the modalities – multiparametric ultrasound – aids diagnosis and in particular assists in the differentiation of benign and malignant disease. Readers will find detailed description and illustration of the imaging appearances of age-related features (including in children and adolescents), the most important benign diseases, different forms of breast cancer, mammary gland pathology in the contexts of pregnancy and female reproductive system disease, chest gland pathology in males, and recurrent and metastatic disease. In addition, ultrasound-guided breast interventions and imaging of breast implants are discussed. Specialists in ultrasound diagnostics, radiologists, oncologists, and surgeons will all find this topical book to be both interesting and helpful in daily clinical practice.
Download or read book Breast Cancer Research written by Michael James Brennan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner written by Leslie Neal-Boylan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Case Studies for the Family Nurse Practitioner is a key resource for advanced practice nurses and graduate students seeking to test their skills in assessing, diagnosing, and managing cases in family and primary care. Composed of more than 70 cases ranging from common to unique, the book compiles years of experience from experts in the field. It is organized chronologically, presenting cases from neonatal to geriatric care in a standard approach built on the SOAP format. This includes differential diagnosis and a series of critical thinking questions ideal for self-assessment or classroom use.
Download or read book Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease written by Giamila Fantuzzi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive survey of adipose tissue, its physiological functions, and its role in disease. The volume spans the entire range of adipose tissue studies, from basic anatomical and physiological research to epidemiology and clinical studies. Groundbreaking recent studies are incorporated into traditional models of adipose tissue properties. A description of the role of macrophages in obesity and metabolism in included.
Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book Type 2 Diabetes written by Claire Stocker and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2009-07-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes is now reaching epidemic proportions, and the associated complications of this disease can be disabling and even life-threatening. In Type 2 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols, leading investigators provide up-to-date explanations of commonly used laboratory protocols used in diabetes research. Covering the commonly described in vivo and in vitro model systems, the volume ultimately leads to an overall view of how cellular dysfunction and degeneration leads to susceptibility and diabetes disease progression. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to their respective subjects, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and expert notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Type 2 Diabetes: Methods and Protocols offers succinct, proven techniques to aid research scientists and clinicians in continuing the study of this debilitating disease.
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
