Download or read book Examining Auditory Selective Attention written by Josefa Oberem and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a realistic spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Performance measure differences between the repetition of the target's spatial position and the related switch describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target's location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a non-individual binaural synthesis are found. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments, resulting in highly affected switch costs. Age-related effects are found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor's speech.
Download or read book Examining Auditory Selective Attention in Realistic Natural Environments written by Josefa Oberem and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Handbook of Attention written by Jonathan Fawcett and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative overview of current research on human attention, emphasizing the relation between cognitive phenomena observed in the laboratory and in the real world. Laboratory research on human attention has often been conducted under conditions that bear little resemblance to the complexity of our everyday lives. Although this research has yielded interesting discoveries, few scholars have truly connected these findings to natural experiences. This book bridges the gap between “laboratory and life” by bringing together cutting-edge research using traditional methodologies with research that focuses on attention in everyday contexts. It offers definitive reviews by both established and rising research stars on foundational topics such as visual attention and cognitive control, underrepresented domains such as auditory and temporal attention, and emerging areas of investigation such as mind wandering and embodied attention. The contributors discuss a range of approaches and methodologies, including psychophysics, mental chronometry, stationary and mobile eye-tracking, and electrophysiological and functional brain imaging. Chapters on everyday attention consider such diverse activities as driving, shopping, reading, multitasking, and playing videogames. All chapters present their topics in the same overall format: historical context, current research, the possible integration of laboratory and real-world approaches, future directions, and key and outstanding issues. Contributors Richard A. Abrams, Lewis Baker, Daphne Bavelier, Virginia Best, Adam B. Blake, Paul W. Burgess, Alan D. Castel, Karen Collins, Mike J. Dixon, Sidney K. D'Mello, Julia Föcker, Charles L. Folk, Tom Foulsham, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Bradley S. Gibson, Matthias S. Gobel, Davood G. Gozli, Arthur C. Graesser, Peter A. Hancock, Kevin A. Harrigan, Simone G. Heideman, Cristy Ho, Roxane J. Itier, Gustav Kuhn, Michael F. Land, Mallorie Leinenger, Daniel Levin, Steven J. Luck, Gerald Matthews, Daniel Memmert, Stephen Monsell, Meeneley Nazarian, Anna C. Nobre, Andrew M. Olney, Kerri Pickel, Jay Pratt, Keith Rayner, Daniel C. Richardson, Evan F. Risko, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Vivian Siu, Jonathan Smallwood, Charles Spence, David Strayer, Pedro Sztybel, Benjamin W. Tatler, Eric T. Taylor, Jeff Templeton, Robert Teszka, Michel Wedel, Blaire J. Weidler, Lisa Wojtowicz, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Geoffrey F. Woodman
Download or read book Cognitive hearing science Investigating the relationship between selective attention and brain activity written by Jerker Rönnberg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Developmental Study of the Underlying Mechanisms of Auditory Selective Attention written by Alesha R. McGee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Psychophysics of Selective Auditory Attention written by Alison Y. Tan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms underlying selective auditory attention currently lack a comprehensive theoretical framework for considering many empirical phenomena. For instance, there exists little scientific vernacular for discussing differences in dichotic and diotic performance under conditions with equivalent information. The following work applies an empirical paradigm that adds noise to the stimulus as a means to study attention to individual components of the stimulus complex. The first part uses a sample discrimination task that presents tones to alternating ears while manipulating parameters such as informativeness, inter-tone interval, and binaural differences in loudness. Only 2 of 9 listeners showed an optimal listening strategy. Most, instead, show a left-ear advantage and are unduly influenced by loud tones that carry little information. The second part examines selective attention to the basic dimensions of sound - pitch, timbre (e.g., roughness), and loudness. Methods were developed to manipulate the stimulus and observe the effect of specific cue. A theoretical model associated with each cue yields a different pattern of decision weights in a discrimination task. Listeners are instructed to attend to target cues and estimated weights quantify the degree of selective attention to that cue. Some listeners matched theoretical predictions, whereas others appear to use a combination of cues, rather than a single cue. I show that there are clear changes to estimated weights that directly reflect perceptual changes to an isolated cue when a second and then a third cue wis introduced. Findings from both sets of studies introduce novel ways to study auditory selective attention and provide initial building blocks for a theoretical framework.
Download or read book Auditory Selective Attention and the Development of Automatic Processing written by Richard A. Peters and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attention written by Addie Johnson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2004 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention: Theory and Practice provides a balance between a readable overview of attention and an emphasis on how theories and paradigms for the study of attention have developed. The book highlights the important issues and major findings while giving sufficient details of experimental studies, models, and theories so that results and conclusions are easy to follow and evaluate. Rather than brushing over tricky technical details, the authors explain them clearly, giving readers the benefit of understanding the motivation for and techniques of the experiments in order to allow readers to think through results, models, and theories for themselves. Attention is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in psychology, as well as an important resource for researchers and practitioners interested in gaining an overview of the field of attention.
Download or read book Selective Auditory Attention written by Tamar Zelniker and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory written by Pierre Jolicoeur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanisms of Sensory Working Memory: Attention and Performance XXV provides an update on research surrounding the memory processes that are crucial for many facets of cognitive processing and experience, with new coverage of emerging areas of study, including a new understanding of working memory for features of stimuli devoid of verbal, phonological, or long-term memory content, such as memory for simple visual features (e.g., texture or color), simple auditory features (e.g., pitch), or simple tactile features (e.g., vibration frequency), now called sensory memory to distinguish from verbal memory. This contemporary focus on sensory memory is just beginning, and this collection of original contributions provides a foundational reference for the study mechanisms of sensory memory. Students, scholars, and researchers studying memory mechanisms and processes in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive science, neuroscience, and psychology will find this book of great value to their work. Introduces the study of sensory mechanisms of working memory as distinct from verbal memory Covers visual memory, auditory memory, and tactile memory Includes translational content as the breakdown of working memory is often associated with a disease, disorder, or trauma to the brain
Download or read book A Validity Study of the Selective Auditory Attention Test written by Sami A. O'Neill and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Fred R. Volkmar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Neuropsychology of Attention written by Ronald A. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 15 years since the original publication of Neuropsychology of Attention. At the time of its publication, attention was a construct that had long been of theoretical interest in the field of psychology and was receiving increased research by cognitive scientists. Yet, attention was typically viewed as a nuisance variable; a factor that needed to be accounted for when assessing brain function, but of limited importance in its own right. There is a need for a new edition of this book within Neuropsychology to present an updated and integrated review of what is know about attention, the disorders that affect it, and approaches to its clinical assessment and treatment. Such a book will provide perspectives for experimental neuropsychological study of attention and also provide clinicians with insights on how to approach this neuropsychological domain.
Download or read book Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition written by Aleksandra Gruszka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-16 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As cognitive models of behavior continue to evolve, the mechanics of cognitive exceptionality, with its range of individual variations in abilities and performance, remains a challenge to psychology. Reaching beyond the standard view of exceptional cognition equaling superior intelligence, the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition examines the latest findings from psychobiology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, for a comprehensive state-of-the-art volume. Breaking down cognition in terms of attentional mechanisms, working memory, and higher-order processing, contributors discuss general models of cognition and personality. Chapter authors build on this foundation as they revisit current theory in such areas as processing effort and general arousal and examine emerging methods in individual differences research, including new data on the role of brain plasticity in cognitive function. The possibility of a unified theory of individual differences in cognitive ability and the extent to which these variables may account for real-world competencies are emphasized, and commentary chapters offer suggestions for further research priorities. Coverage highlights include: The relationship between cognition and temperamental traits. The development of autobiographical memory. Anxiety and attentional control. The neurophysiology of gender differences in cognitive ability. Intelligence and cognitive control. Individual differences in dual task coordination. The effects of subclinical depression on attention, memory, and reasoning. Mood as a shaper of information. Researchers, clinicians, and graduate students in psychology and cognitive sciences, including clinical psychology and neuropsychology, personality and social psychology, neuroscience, and education, will find the Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition an expert guide to the field as it currently stands and to its agenda for the future.
Download or read book Effects of Selective Attention on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential Amplitude and Latency written by Kyle Stratis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous investigations have demonstrated that shifting attention across modalities produces changes in neural responding to auditory stimuli at the level of the cortex. More recent studies have presented evidence that alterations in the focus of attention produce opposite changes in responding in the auditory periphery. Few studies, however, have examined the influence of attention on neural signaling at the level of the brainstem. The present study sought to compare the changes in the neural representation of an auditory stimulus at the level of the brainstem across two balanced attending conditions: one engaging visual attention and the other engaging auditory attention. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured while the participants counted short, infrequent oddball click trains (auditory attending) and while counting targeted instances of Gabor gradient phase shifts (visual attending). BAEPs were employed because they allow the observation of neural responding to auditory stimuli specifically at the level of the brainstem, a region which has seen little investigation in the realm of attention. Our results suggest that across attending conditions, absolute and peak-to-peak amplitudes were significantly different in early and late portions of the waveform.
Download or read book Investigating the Temporal Dynamics of Auditory Processing and Selective Attention Using Continous and Ecologically Valid Stimuli written by Alan James Power and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Processing Attention and Memory in School Aged Children with Listening Difficulties in Noise written by Imran Dhamani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research we aimed to investigate auditory processing, attention and memory skills in children (10-15 years) with persistent listening difficulties in background noise despite having clinically normal hearing sensitivity. We conducted 3 studies in this research project. Study 1 was aimed to design or modify tasks to assess selected auditory processing abilities that are considered important for listening in noise but not routinely assessed in clinics. In study 2 we designed a novel task to examine the auditory selective attention and attention switching ability. Auditory processing ability was also assessed using a set of clinically recommended as well as the additional tasks designed in the study 1. The results were suggestive of poor attention switching and inhibitory control ability in the LD group. In the study 3, we invited more children with listening difficulties in background noise (LD group; n=21) and assessed them in three phases. First, we examined their attention switching ability using the task designed in the second study. The results were consistent with those in the early study. Secondly, we tested them on a set of recommended clinical tests to identify the presence of an auditory processing disorder (APD). The results indicated that five children could be diagnosed with APD (APD group) and were considered separately for further comparisons. Lastly, we evaluated both the LD and APD groups on additional tasks to examine their auditory processing as well as short term and working memory ability and found poor frequency resolution and working memory skills for the APD group. In summary, all the children who reported with listening difficulties in noise showed deficits in their attention switching and inhibitory control ability which may suggest a possible top down (central) information processing deficit in these children.
