Download or read book Evolutionary Significance of Genomic and Morphological Variation in Icelandic Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus written by Eva Küttner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic and Morphological Variation in Polymorphic Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus from Icelandic Lakes written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrophoretic and Morphological Variation in Icelandic Artic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus L written by Gudrun Marteinsdottir and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 2138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process
Download or read book The Evolution of Phenotypic Divergence in Icelandic Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus written by Matthew Brachmann and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of ecological speciation involves the divergence single populations into distinct species through ecologically based divergent selection. I studied the interacting developmental, genetic, and ecological mechanisms that underlie ecological speciation in populations of Icelandic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) that vary in phenotypic divergence. Arctic charr diverged into benthic and pelagic resource-based morphs after recolonization of post-glacial lakes within the last 10,000 years from a single glacial refugium. First, I assessed the role of allometric covariation between body shape and size as a source of developmental bias. I found evidence for a common pattern of phenotypic divergence across a benthic-pelagic ecological axis, which is strongly shaped by allometric effects that may facilitate rapid evolutionary responses to selection. Second, I assessed whether the requirements for adaptive divergence as the result of ecological opportunity by testing for relationships among body shape and size, resource use, and gene flow. Significant relationships between resource use and body shape and size are consistent with the existence of performance trade-offs between benthic and pelagic environments. Benthic and pelagic morphs across populations showed similar differences in resource use likely arising from a common utilization of niche space. Resource use predicted benthic and pelagic ancestry suggesting a causal link between divergence in resource use and reductions in gene flow between morphs. Lastly, I investigated the genomic consequences of adaptive divergence between sympatric morphs and reconstructed the divergence history of populations to interpret the causes of genomic patterns. Models of sympatric divergence with continuous gene flow and allopatric divergence followed by secondary contact were both supported indicating that the evolutionary history of this species is more complex than originally thought. Phenotypic and ecological variation was associated with genomic differentiation between sympatric morphs and the formation of many narrow genomic regions of differentiation, which are related to both phenotypic and ecological variation in divergent populations. This suggests that divergent selection has resulted in the genomic differentiation of sympatric morphs. Overall, my study suggests that adaptive divergence in response to environmental heterogeneity promotes parallel phenotypic specialization on resources which may lead to genomic differentiation and ultimately ecological speciation with gene flow.
Download or read book Stock Identification Methods written by Lisa A. Kerr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-15 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stock Identification Methods provides a comprehensive review of the various disciplines used to study the population structure of fishery resources. It represents the worldwide experience and perspectives of experts on each method, assembled through a working group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. The book is organized to foster interdisciplinary analyses and conclusions about stock structure, a crucial topic for fishery science and management. Technological advances have promoted the development of stock identification methods in many directions, resulting in a confusing variety of approaches. Based on central tenets of population biology and management needs, Stock Identification Methods offers a unified framework for understanding stock structure by promoting an understanding of the relative merits and sensitivities of each approach.* Describes eighteen distinct approaches to stock identification grouped into sections on life history traits, environmental signals, genetic analyses, and applied marks* Features experts' reviews of benchmark case studies, general protocols, and the strengths and weaknesses of each identification method* Reviews statistical techniques for exploring stock patterns, testing for differences among putative stocks, stock discrimination, and stock composition analysis* Focuses on the challenges of interpreting data and managing mixed-stock fisheries
Download or read book Phenotypic Selection of Morphology in Polymorphic Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus written by Oliver Franklin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable advances are being made in our understanding of divergent selection and ecological speciation. However, it remains unclear to what extent diversifying selection, responsible for divergence of distinct populations, also contributes to earlier stages of population diversification such as resource polymorphisms that persist despite gene flow. A general expectation of resource polymorphism is that phenotypic trade-offs influence fitness via trophic performance, resulting in disruptive selection. Despite numerous polymorphisms exhibiting morphological variation consistent with expectations of trophic trade-offs, there have been few attempts to examine these in the context of natural selection. As a result, we do not know how phenotype affects fitness and whether morphologically-based performance trade-offs contribute to the earliest stages of adaptive diversification. In this thesis, I evaluated the hypothesis that morphological trade-offs influence fitness via trophic performance, thus contributing to disruptive selection. First, I characterised the shape-dependence of resource use in polymorphic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in two contrasting Icelandic lakes: Thingvallavatn and Vatnshlíðarvatn. In both lakes, resource use was shape-dependent consistent with biomechanical expectations differentiating morphs. However, shape-resource associations within morphs did not always correspond to patterns distinguishing morphs. I then estimated effects of shape on growth via trophic resource use, using a path analytical approach and calculating performance gradients. Though observations were consistent with disruptive selection of shape in Thingvallavatn, there were no effects in either lake consistent with the hypothesised function of trophic performance. Instead, I observed shape-dependent parasitism and non-trophic effects of shape influencing growth, and contrasting patterns of size-dependent mortality between coexisting morphs. Finally, I demonstrated the conditions under which performance gradients can be considered valid estimates of selection, and clarified what inferences can be made where direct estimates of fitness in nature are unobtainable. This thesis contributes to our understanding of early diversification by demonstrating inconsistencies between general expectations of adaptive mechanisms and processes evident in nature. Intuitive mechanisms such as morphological trade-offs in trophic performance might not affect fitness in the wild and expected phenotype-fitness relationships may arise from a complex of alternative mechanisms.
Download or read book Evolutionary Ecology of Arctic Char Salvelinus Alpinus L written by Johan Hammar and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Molecular Genetic Examination of the Polymorphic Arctic Charr Salvelinus Alpinus of Thingvallavatn Iceland microform written by John Volpe and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1995 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each issue of Transactions B is devoted to a specific area of the biological sciences, including clinical science. All papers are peer reviewed and edited to the highest standards. Published on the 29th of each month, Transactions B is essential reading for all biologists.
Download or read book Aquatic Animal Nutrition written by Christian E. W. Steinberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a unique cross fertilization of aquatic ecology and aquaculture. It shows how diets structure the digestive tract and its microbiota and, in turn, the microbiota influences life history traits of its host, including behavior. Short-term starvation can have beneficial effects on individuals themselves and succeeding generations which may acquire multiple stress resistances – a mechanism strengthening the persistence of populations. From terrestrial, but not yet from aquatic animals, it is understood that circadian the rhythmicity makes toxins or good food. On the long-term, the dietary basis impacts succeeding generations and can trigger a sympatric speciation by (epi)-genetics. This volume defines gaps in nutritional research and practice of farmed fishes and invertebrates by referring to knowledge from marine and freshwater biology. It also points out that dietary benefits and deficiencies have effects on several succeeding generations, indicating that well designed diets may have the potential to successfully improve broodstock and breeding effort.
Download or read book Ecology of Atlantic Salmon and Brown Trout written by Bror Jonsson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of habitat is the major cause for loss of biodiversity including variation in life history and habitat ecology. Each species and population adapts to its environment, adaptations visible in morphology, ecology, behaviour, physiology and genetics. Here, the authors present the population ecology of Atlantic salmon and brown trout and how it is influenced by the environment in terms of growth, migration, spawning and recruitment. Salmonids appeared as freshwater fish some 50 million years ago. Atlantic salmon and brown trout evolved in the Atlantic basin, Atlantic salmon in North America and Europe, brown trout in Europe, Northern Africa and Western Asia. The species live in small streams as well as large rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal seas and oceans, with brown trout better adapted to small streams and less well adapted to feeding in the ocean than Atlantic salmon. Smolt and adult sizes and longevity are constrained by habitat conditions of populations spawning in small streams. Feeding, wintering and spawning opportunities influence migratory versus resident lifestyles, while the growth rate influences egg size and number, age at maturity, reproductive success and longevity. Further, early experiences influence later performance. For instance, juvenile behaviour influences adult homing, competition for spawning habitat, partner finding and predator avoidance. The abundance of wild Atlantic salmon populations has declined in recent years; climate change and escaped farmed salmon are major threats. The climate influences through changes in temperature and flow, while escaped farmed salmon do so through ecological competition, interbreeding and the spreading of contagious diseases. The authors pinpoint essential problems and offer suggestions as to how they can be reduced. In this context, population enhancement, habitat restoration and management are also discussed. The text closes with a presentation of what the authors view as major scientific challenges in ecological research on these species.
Download or read book Evolution of Biological Diversity written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Genetics of Fishes written by Bruce Turner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is my hope that this collection of reviews can be profitably read by all who are interested in evolutionary biology. However, I would like to specifically target it for two disparate groups of biologists seldom men tioned in the same sentence, classical ichthyologists and molecular biologists. Since classical times, and perhaps even before, ichthyologists have stood in awe at the tremendous diversity of fishes. The bulk of effort in the field has always been directed toward understanding this diversity, i. e. , extracting from it a coherent picture of evolutionary processes and lineages. This effort has, in turn, always been overwhelmingly based upon morphological comparisons. The practical advantages of such compari sons, especially the ease with which morphological data can be had from preserved museum specimens, are manifold. But considered objectively (outside its context of "tradition"), morphological analysis alone is a poor tool for probing evolutionary processes or elucidating relationships. The concepts of "relationship" and of "evolution" are inherently genetic ones, and the genetic bases of morphological traits are seldom known in detail and frequently unknown entirely. Earlier in this century, several workers, notably Gordon, Kosswig, Schmidt, and, in his salad years, Carl Hubbs, pioneered the application of genetic techniques and modes of reasoning to ichthyology. While certain that most contemporary ichth yologists are familiar with this body of work, I am almost equally certain that few of them regard it as pertinent to their own efforts.
Download or read book Aquaponics Food Production Systems written by Simon Goddek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, written by world experts in aquaponics and related technologies, provides the authoritative and comprehensive overview of the key aquaculture and hydroponic and other integrated systems, socio-economic and environmental aspects. Aquaponic systems, which combine aquaculture and vegetable food production offer alternative technology solutions for a world that is increasingly under stress through population growth, urbanisation, water shortages, land and soil degradation, environmental pollution, world hunger and climate change.
Download or read book Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree written by Jonathan B. Losos and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2011-02-09 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a book both beautifully illustrated and deeply informative, Jonathan Losos, a leader in evolutionary ecology, celebrates and analyzes the diversity of the natural world that the fascinating anoline lizards epitomize. Readers who are drawn to nature by its beauty or its intellectual challenges—or both—will find his book rewarding."—Douglas J. Futuyma, State University of New York, Stony Brook "This book is destined to become a classic. It is scholarly, informative, stimulating, and highly readable, and will inspire a generation of students."—Peter R. Grant, author of How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches "Anoline lizards experienced a spectacular adaptive radiation in the dynamic landscape of the Caribbean islands. The radiation has extended over a long period of time and has featured separate radiations on the larger islands. Losos, the leading active student of these lizards, presents an integrated and synthetic overview, summarizing the enormous and multidimensional research literature. This engaging book makes a wonderful example of an adaptive radiation accessible to all, and the lavish illustrations, especially the photographs, make the anoles come alive in one's mind."—David Wake, University of California, Berkeley "This magnificent book is a celebration and synthesis of one of the most eventful adaptive radiations known. With disarming prose and personal narrative Jonathan Losos shows how an obsession, beginning at age ten, became a methodology and a research plan that, together with studies by colleagues and predecessors, culminated in many of the principles we now regard as true about the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. This work combines rigorous analysis and glorious natural history in a unique volume that stands with books by the Grants on Darwin's finches among the most informed and engaging accounts ever written on the evolution of a group of organisms in nature."—Dolph Schluter, author of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation
