Download or read book Evolutionary Population Genetics of Drosophila ananassae written by Pranveer Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to classical population genetics and the ways in which it can be applied to practical problems, including testing for natural selection, genetic drift, genetic differentiation, population structuring, gene flow and linkage disequilibrium. It provides a comprehensive monograph on the topic, addressing the theory, applications and evolutionary deductions, which are clearly explained using experimental results. It also offers separate chapters on origin, establishment and spread of chromosomal aberrations in populations along with details of culturing, maintaining and using Drosophila ananassae (genetically unique and the most commonly used species along with D. melanogaster) for genetic research. Encompassing topics like genetics, evolution, Drosophila genetics, population genetics, population structuring, natural selection and genetic drift in considerable detail, it provides a valuable resource to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers at all level. This book explores some fundamental questions concerning the role of natural selection and genetic drift on the degree of inversion polymorphism. India, with its wide diversity in geo-climatic conditions, provides an excellent platform to conduct such studies. The book showcases sampling records of inversion frequencies in natural Indian populations of D. ananassae that cover more than two decades. It highlights case studies in which sampling data on inversion frequencies was combined with that from earlier surveys, generating a time series that allows the evolutionary dynamics of inversion polymorphism to be explored. Such long time series are rare but nonetheless crucial for studying the evolutionary dynamics of inversion polymorphism. The population-genetic analysis discussed is unprecedented in terms of its temporal (two decades) and spatial (most regions of India covered) scale and investigates the patterns of polymorphic system in D. ananassae to see if there is any temporal divergence. It endeavors to present a holistic picture of inversion polymorphism across the country (India). Chromosomal aberrations, particularly paracentric inversions, are used as a tool for discussing population genetic studies, helping human geneticists, gynecologists and other medical professionals understand why some aberrations are fatal in humans, with affected embryos often not surviving the first trimester of pregnancy, while similar aberrations in Drosophila flies aid in their adaptation to the environmental heterogeneity across the globe.

Download or read book Progress and Prospects in Evolutionary Biology written by Jeffrey R. Powell and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1997-09-04 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on drosophila as an especially useful model organism for exploring questions of evolutionary biology in the full range of evolutionary studies: population genetics, ecology, ecological genetics, speciation, phylogenetics, genome evolution, molecular evolution, and development. The author presents an integrated view of evolutionary biology as elucidated in this single organism. Special effort is made to point out holes in our knowledge and areas particularly ripe for new investigation.

Download or read book Evolution of Drosophila Ananassae Populations from the South Pacific and Southeast Asia written by Shelly Gray Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistical Population Genomics written by Julien Y Dutheil and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume presents state-of-the-art inference methods in population genomics, focusing on data analysis based on rigorous statistical techniques. After introducing general concepts related to the biology of genomes and their evolution, the book covers state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of genomes in populations, including demography inference, population structure analysis and detection of selection, using both model-based inference and simulation procedures. Last but not least, it offers an overview of the current knowledge acquired by applying such methods to a large variety of eukaryotic organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, pointers to the relevant literature, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Statistical Population Genomics aims to promote and ensure successful applications of population genomic methods to an increasing number of model systems and biological questions. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Download or read book Population and Evolutionary Genomic Analysis of the Drosophila Germline Stem Cell and Its Coevolution with Wolbachia written by Jae Young Choi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Drosophila, studies of reproductive protein evolution have shown evidence of elevated levels of adaptive evolution compared to the genomic background. Few, however, have studied the molecular evolution of genes involved in the regulation of the germline stem cell (GSC). My dissertation examines the population genetics of a larger class of genes regulating the GSC, and using a comparative genomic approach to test the hypothesis that infection by the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia pipientis is a selective driver causing the rapid evolution at some of the GSC genes. First, following up on previous observations of adaptive evolution of several GSC genes (particularly bam and bgcn) in D. melanogaster and D. simulans, I have studied the population genetics of these genes in D. ananassae because this species also shows evidence of infection by W. pipientis. However, despite what I show to be a comparable W. pipientis infectious history among D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. ananassae; neither bam nor bgcn were evolving under positive selection in D. ananassae. Thus, a simple W. pipientis driven rapid evolution at these genes was not supported by my results. Second, I expanded the population genetic analysis of GSC genes to include all genes that show evidence of involvement in D. melanogaster GSC regulation. Results for these were then compared to genes involved in neural stem cell regulation. My results showed that both germline and neural stem cell are enriched for genes with evidence of recent selective sweeps, but not long-term recurrent adaptive evolution, compared to a randomly chosen group of control genes. Further, overall inferences of rates of adaptive fixation for germline and neural stem cells showed levels comparable to most classes of genes for D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Lastly, I have used whole-genome sequencing to gain deeper insight into the evolutionary history of W. pipientis infecting D. ananassae. D. ananassae has unique evidence of the whole genome of W. pipientis integrated into the host nuclear genome. My results showed that the infectious W. pipientis genome has a stable maternally inherited evolutionary history while the integrated W. pipientis genome had become a potentially functionless pseudogenome.

Download or read book Ecological Genetics and Evolution written by James Stuart Flinton Barker and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Non Neutral Evolution written by Brian Golding and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All organisms--from the AIDS virus, to bacteria, to fish, to humans--must evolve to survive. Despite the central place of evolution within biology, there are many things that are still poorly understood. For Charles Darwin, the driving force behind all evolution was natural selection. More recently, evolutionary biologists have considered that many mutations are essentially neutral with respect to natural selection. Many questions remain. Are molecular differences between species adaptive? Are differences within species adaptive? Modern biotechnology has enabled us to identify precisely the actual DNA structure from many individuals within a population, and thus to see how these DNA sequences have changed over time and to answer some of these questions. At the same time, this knowledge poses new challenges to our ability to understand the observed patterns. This exciting volume outlines the biological problems, provides new perspectives on theoretical treatments of the consequences of natural selection, examines the consequences of molecular data, and relates molecular events to speciation. Every evolutionary biologist will find it of interest.

Download or read book Molecular Ecology and Evolution Approaches and Applications written by B. Schierwater and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 25 years have witnessed a revolution in the way ecologists and evolutionary biologists approach their disciplines. Modern molecular techniques are now reshaping the spectrum of questions that can be addressed while studying the mechanisms and consequences of the ecology and evolution of living organisms. "Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications" describes, from a molecular perspective, several methodological and technical approaches used in the fields of ecology, evolution, population biology, molecular systematics, conservation genetics, and development. Modern techniques are introduced, and older, more classic ones refined. The advantages, limitations, and potentials of each are discussed in detail, and thereby illustrate the widening range of cross-field research and applications which this modern technology is stimulating. This book will serve as an important textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, and as a key reference work for researchers

Download or read book Drosophila Ananassae written by Yoshiko N. Tobari and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Genetics and Evolution of Sexually Dimorphic Traits in the Drosophila Bipectinata Species Complex written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila ananassae and its relatives have many advantages as a model of genetic differentiation and speciation. In chapter I, I examined evolutionary relationships in the ananassae species subgroup using a multi-locus molecular data set. Analysis of Y-chromosomal and mitochondrial haplotypes suggests that these taxa represent a recent evolutionary radiation and may experience substantial gene flow. I discuss possible evolutionary histories of these species. In Chapter II, I investigated the genetic basis of color pattern variation between two allopatric subspecies of D. malerkotliana, a widespread member of the ananassae species subgroup. In D. m. malerkotliana, the last three abdominal segments are darkly pigmented in males but not in females, while in D. m. pallens both sexes lack dark pigmentation. Composite interval mapping in F2 hybrid progeny shows that this difference is largely controlled by three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) located on the 2L chromosome arm, which is homologous to the 3R of D. melanogaster (Muller element E). Using highly recombinant introgression strains produced by repeated back-crossing and phenotypic selection, we showed that these QTLs do not correspond to any of the candidate genes known to be involved in pigment patterning and synthesis in Drosophila. Drosophila males use their sex combs to grasp the females' abdomen and genitalia and to spread their wings prior to copulation. In Chapter III, to test the role of this structure in male mating success in Drosophila melanogaster, I genetically ablated the sex comb by expressing the female-specific isoform of the sex determination gene transformer in the tarsal segments of male legs. This technique does not remove the sex comb entirely, but simply restores the morphology of its constituent bristles to the ancestral condition found in Drosophila species that lack sex combs. Direct observations and differences in long-term insemination rates showed that the loss of the sex comb strongly reduces the ability of males to copulate with females. Detailed analysis of video recordings indicated that this effect is not due to changes in the males' courtship behavior.

Download or read book Population Genetics and Transcriptional Evolution of Genes with Male biased Expression in Drosophila written by Colin Donald Meiklejohn and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drosophilidae Diptera written by Irina Brake and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2013-01-21 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about global biodiversity are rising dramatically, yet we are lagging behind in the most basic prerequisite for its understanding and conservation: the inventory. Insect species may make up five or ten times the number of all other plant and animal species combined, and as such they represent one of the major challenges in biosystematic science. World Catalogue of Insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale, authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa. Volumes in this series contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated, including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant. Additional information is optional, e.g., location, status and condition of types; biology; bibliographical information; pest status; vector status; etc. This volume nine focuses on Drosophilidae (Diptera). (Series: World Catalogue of Insects)

Download or read book A Primer of Conservation Genetics written by Richard Frankham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-02-12 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, entry level text provides an introduction to the importance of genetic studies in conservation and presents the essentials of the discipline in an easy-to-follow format, with main points and terms clearly highlighted. The authors assume only a basic knowledge of Mendelian genetics and simple statistics, making the book accessible to those with a limited background in these areas. Connections between conservation genetics and the wider field of conservation biology are interwoven throughout the book. Worked examples are provided throughout to help illustrate key equations and glossary and suggestions for further reading provide additional support for the reader. Many beautiful pen and ink portraits of endangered species are included to enhance the text. Written for short, introductory level courses in genetics, conservation genetics and conservation biology, this book will also be suitable for practising conservation biologists, zoo biologists and wildlife managers.

Download or read book Molecular Evolution of Sex biased Genes in Drosophila Ananassae written by Sonja Grath and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behavioural and Ecological Genetics written by Peter Angas Parsons and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1973 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experimental Evolution written by Theodore Garland and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes studies in experimental evolution, outlining current techniques and applications, and presenting the field's range of research.

Download or read book Evolution and Population Genetics of Enhancer Sequences in Drosophila written by Stewart MacArthur and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: