Download or read book Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon and Trout Oncorhynchus microform written by Sheldon John McKay and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1997 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon and Trout Oncorhynchus written by Sheldon John McKay and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution and Risk in Conservation of Pacific Salmon written by Kenneth P. Currens and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying appropriate units for conservation requires knowledge of evolutionary patterns and risks of managing at different geographical and genetic scales. I examined genetic diversity at different geographical scales among 11,400 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from 243 locations in 13 major river basins throughout much of their range and among coho salmon (O. kisutch) from 31 watersheds in Oregon, Washington, and northern California. I also developed a model of genetic vulnerability of managed populations that links sources of potential technological hazards, protective mechanisms and responses, and potential losses, using artificial propagation of Pacific salmon as an example. Across the range of rainbow trout, allozyme differences between inland and coastal populations were more localized than previously acknowledged. In contrast, evolutionary continuity was most related to stability and persistence of major river systems, such as upper Sacramento, Klamath, and Columbia rivers. Isolated, pluvial lake basins that contained divergent groups of redband trout (rainbow trout with plesiomorphic characteristics associated with cutthroat trout, O. clarki) were sources of evolutionary diversity within large river systems. Human effects on genetic organization occurred in local breeding populations to regional metapopulations. In coho salmon, regional differences in mitochondrial DNA existed among fish from Puget Sound, Columbia River, northern Oregon coastal streams, and southern coastal streams. Differences within regions lacked obvious geographical patterns but were most likely due to recent fish translocations and genetic drift. In the Umatilla River, Oregon, significant genetic differences were detected among rainbow trout, but temporal differences at sites were as great as differences among sites within tributaries. In 10 of 12 locations, rainbow trout became more similar to anadromous hatchery fish. Although small breeding sizes suggested a role for genetic drift, episodic gene flow from hatchery fish most likely explained temporal genetic changes. Program-specific genetic risk assessment of a large artificial propagation program in the Columbia River revealed that artificial supplementation would result in fewer hatchery-reared fish returning to the wild than were taken from the wild for brood stock, that proximate safeguards for reducing vulnerability were not available and appropriate, but that use of genetic reserves strengthened the program.
Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout written by Thomas P. Quinn and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout combines in-depth scientific information with outstanding photographs and original artwork to fully describe the fish species critical to the Pacific Rim. This completely revised and updated edition covers all aspects of the life cycle of these remarkable fish in the Pacific: homing migration from the open ocean through coastal waters and up rivers to their breeding grounds; courtship and reproduction; the lives of juvenile salmon and trout in rivers and lakes; migration to the sea; the structure of fish populations; and the importance of fish carcasses to the ecosystem. The book also includes information on salmon and trout transplanted outside their ranges. Fisheries expert Thomas P. Quinn writes with clarity and enthusiasm to interest a wide range of readers, including biologists, anglers, and naturalists. He provides the most current science available as well as perspectives on the past, present, and future of Pacific salmon and trout. In this edition: Over 100 beautiful color photographs of salmon and trout Updated information on all aspects of the salmon and trout life cycle Expanded coverage of trout
Download or read book Evolution Illuminated written by Andrew P. Hendry and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work gives a critical overview on the evolution and population biology of salmon and their relatives. It should appeal to investigators in each of the scientific disciplines it integrates - evolutionary biology, ecology, salmonid biology, management and conservation. Variation in salmonids can be used to illustrate virtually all evolution.
Download or read book Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates written by Anthony J. Gharrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fisheries genetics researchers will find invaluable the thirty-eight peer-reviewed contributions in this book, presented at the 20th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium "Genetics of Subpolar Fish and Invertebrates," held in May 2002 in Juneau, Alaska. Looming over concerns of lost fisheries stocks and persistent erosion of genetic variability are predictions of global warming, which may further tax genetic resources. One consequence is an increased reliance on genetic applications to many aspects of fisheries management, aquaculture, and conservation. The contributions in this book are important to modern fisheries science and genetics, and illustrate the evolution of the field over the past decade. The improved technology provides tools to address increasingly complicated problems in traditional applications and ecological and behavioral studies. The union between molecular and quantitative genetics, where many of the major questions about population structure and evolution remain unanswered, will also benefit from the new technologies.
Download or read book Genetic History of Chinook and Sockeye Salmon Analyzed Using Ancient and Contemporary Mitochondrial DNA written by Bobbi May Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) serve an important social and economic role in western North America. Despite historical abundance, native salmonids are now at risk of extinction throughout much of their native range. The accurate characterization of historic range, population size, and gene flow is essential for the development of successful conservation strategies. Therefore, conservation disciplines may look to the past to inform the future. One framework for such investigations is phylogeography, which examines geographical and genealogical connections in an effort to understand the evolutionary history of organisms. Another avenue is the study of genetic data from temporally diverse samples, which facilitates the direct observation of a genetic history.
Download or read book Life History and Evolutionary Adaptation of Pacific Salmon and Its Application in Management written by Mary Jo Wevers and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An approach to understanding and managing anadromous salmon, steelhead, and sea-run cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus spp.) based on life history and evolutionary adaptive capacities of species and stocks is presented. Species, stocks, and local populations are viewed as systems that are continuously adapting to changing environmental conditions. They have the potential capacity to evolve in different ways in different environments through both life history and evolutionary adaptation. Habitat organization forms a template for genus, species, stock, and local population life history organization. Harvesting, habitat alteration resulting from land use practices and other human activities can alter the organization and adaptive capacities of species and stocks, and thus their long term persistence. The adaptive capacity of Oncorhynchus relative to its habitat and management environment is examined at the species, stock, and local population levels. Life history characteristics of representative stocks and local populations are analyzed using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DECORANA). Fresh water migration distance and latitude are used to "explain" ordination patterns of Oncorhynchus species in the North Pacific Basin. Fresh water migration difficulty and mean annual runoff are used to interpret life history patterns of Columbia Basin chinook salmon stocks. Upstream migration difficulty and fall water temperatures are used to explain the ordination patterns of local populations of Willamette spring chinook salmon. Fishery management practices are examined in terms of their impacts on the organization and adaptive capacity of species, stocks, and local populations of Oncorhynchus. Management generalizations and guidelines derived from the life history theory are applied to management of Willamette spring chinook salmon. Maintaining habitat changes in the Willamette Basin within the historic range of fluctuations will tend to maximize co-organization of local populations. Management activities should provide relatively constant habitat and fishery conditions for natural selection processes to "organize" life history traits over a period of at least a few generations. Fisheries should selectively harvest local populations that show a high degree of realization of their adaptive capacity. By focusing instead on maximizing the co-organization of stocks, their habitat and fishery environments, and protecting the adaptive capacities of stocks, we will go a long way toward providing long-term sustainability for social communities dependent on fisheries.
Download or read book Salmonid Fishes written by Yuri P. Altukhov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important title encompasses features of genetic processes in complexly organised population systems of salmonids, one of the most commercially valuable families of fish worldwide. Translated from the original work in Russian, the authors have taken the opportunity to update and revise the work, much of it appearing in the English language for the first time. Covering such important concepts as optimal gene diversity and the unfavourable influence of fishery and hatchery reproduction on the genetic structure of salmon populations, the authors have drawn together a huge wealth of information that will form the cornerstone of much new work in the future. The authors of Salmonid Fishes have between them many years of research experience and practical knowledge in the area and the English translation of this important work, which has been edited by Professor John Thorpe and Professor Gary Carvalho, provides vital information for all those involved in salmonid management, exploitation and conservation, including fish biologists, fisheries managers, conservation and population biologists, ecologists and geneticists.
Download or read book Molecular Genetics and Stock Identification in Pacific Salmon Onocorhynchus Spp written by Jennifer Lee Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Genetic Tools to Inform Management and Study Local Adaptation in Pacific Salmon written by Wesley Alan Larson and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic analysis represents a powerful tool for informing management and studying adaptation in wild populations. For example, genetic tools can be used to delineate conservation units, assign individuals of unknown ancestry back to their populations of origin, and identify genes that are important for local adaptation. The overall goal of my thesis was to apply genetic tools to improve population-specific management and identify the genetic basis of local adaptation in Pacific salmon. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) return to their natal spawning habitats with high fidelity, promoting the formation of distinct populations that are highly adapted to their local environment. Pacific salmon are also an extremely important economic, cultural, and subsistence resource. These characteristics make Pacific salmon ideal candidates for population-specific management and facilitate the study of local adaptation. My dissertation consists of six chapters divided into two major themes. The first three chapters focus on applied research questions aimed at developing and utilizing genetic tools to improve management of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and the last three chapters focus on understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In chapter one, we used an existing genetic baseline to elucidate the migration patterns of Chinook salmon in the marine environment. Chapters two and three explored the use of genomics in a management context, applying data from thousands of genetic markers to develop novel resources that will aid in the conservation of Chinook salmon from western Alaska. For chapter four, we investigated patterns of selection at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in populations of sockeye salmon from the Wood River basin in southwestern Alaska. In chapter five, we constructed a genetic linkage map and conducted QTL analysis in five families of sockeye salmon. Finally, in chapter six we merged the linkage map with population data to study the genomic basis of adaptive divergence among three ecotypes of sockeye salmon from the Wood River basin. Taken together, these studies highlight the utility of genetic tools, especially genomics, for improving management and studying local adaptation in Pacific salmon.
Download or read book Microevolution Local Adaptation and Demography in Wild Populations of Pacific Salmon written by Jocelyn Lin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is increasing scientific interest in empirically linking evolution to ecology, particularly in wild populations. Although evolutionary change is often thought to proceed slowly, the microevolutionary forces of selection, gene flow, genetic drift and inbreeding can have pronounced effects on genetic variation even on short time scales. These genetic changes may then influence local adaptation and demography. The overarching aim of this dissertation was to estimate levels of gene flow and selection in wild populations, and to assess how microevolutionary change might affect local adaptation and population dynamics within these populations. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are an ideal model organism for studying natural patterns of microevolution and local adaptation. First there is high phenotypic variation within the species, and spawning fish can be sampled comprehensively by capturing adults when they return to freshwater from the ocean. Second, salmon form reproductively isolated spawning populations due to natal homing, but these populations can be genetically and demographically connected via straying. Third, salmon are of ecological and commercial interest, making our findings relevant to population management. This dissertation investigated ecology and evolution in salmon as follows. In Chapter 1, we examined patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation between adjacent populations of beach and stream spawning ecotypes of sockeye salmon, and assessed potential levels of gene flow between ecotypes. The objective of Chapter 2 was to determine whether small populations of Chinook and chum salmon occurring in the Wood River system are reproductively isolated, self-sustaining populations, population sinks that produce returning adults but receive immigration, or strays from other systems that do not produce returning adults. In Chapter 3 we re-constructed pedigrees for two wild populations of sockeye salmon to estimate natural selection and heritability for several phenotypic traits. For Chapter 4, we used empirical results from the first three chapters to develop a stochastic, individual-based model that we used to study effects of gene flow and selection on local adaptation and population dynamics in interconnected salmon populations. Taken together, these studies showed how gene flow and selection affect local adaptation and demography in wild salmon populations.
Download or read book Patterns of Natural Selection and Demography in Coastal Oregon Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch Populations written by Marc Aaron Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For Pacific salmon, the evolution of local adaptations depends upon the species' propensity to return, or "home", to natal streams at time of reproduction. Pacific salmon use olfactory cues to guide homing behavior, yet little is known about the genetics of olfaction in salmon. In this study, I use putatively neutral microsatellite markers to estimate demographic parameters and describe the population genetic structure of Oregon Coastal coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Microsatellite analyses indicated weak population structure among coho populations (overall [theta] = 0.021), modulated by moderate levels of migration (straying). Allelic richness was higher in wild populations than both hatchery populations and wild populations from lake dominated systems. The Coos and Nehalem river populations appeared to be primary migrant sources, possibly elevating allelic richness for central coast populations. I then used genomic sequence data from nine species of salmon and trout to infer the evolutionary history for eight olfactory receptor genes, representing two major gene classes (main olfactory receptors and ORAs). Through a maximum likelihood based analysis of site-specific, non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rates, I found strong evidence for positive selection having influenced the diversification of four paralogous main olfactory receptor genes. Main olfactory receptor orthologues appeared highly conserved among species, yet site-specific positive selection may be affecting interspecific divergence of an ORA gene in salmonids. Finally, I used molecular markers linked to olfactory receptor genes to test for a signal of selection among coho salmon populations from different rivers. By examining interlocus variance of F[subscript]ST, I found evidence for directional selection on an olfactory receptor gene-linked marker in coho salmon populations. Pairwise [theta] values calculated from gene-linked markers were nearly an order of magnitude greater than observed for putatively neutral microsatellites.
Download or read book The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout Second Edition written by Thomas Peter Quinn and published by . This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This completely revised and updated edition of The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout covers all aspects of the life cycle of these remarkable fish in the Pacific: homing migration from the open ocean through coastal waters and up rivers to their breeding grounds, courtship and reproduction, the lives of juvenile salmon and trout in rivers and lakes, migration to the sea, the structure of fish populations, and the importance of fish carcasses to the ecosystem. It also includes information on salmon and trout transplanted outside their ranges. Thomas Quinn provides the most current science available as well as perspectives on the past, present, and future of Pacific salmon and trout.
Download or read book Phylogenetic Analysis of Pacific Salmon Using Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Sequences written by Michael J. Domanico and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Evolution of the Neo Y Chromosome in Oncorhynchus Nerka written by Joshua Faber-Hammond and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ocean Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
