Download or read book Evolution of Wind Pollination in Leucadendron Proteaceae written by Megan Rae Welsford and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Major Evolutionary Transitions in Flowering Plant Reproduction written by Spencer C. H. Barrett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-11-28 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume to address the study of evolutionary transitions in plants, Major Evolutionary Transitions in Flowering Plant Reproduction brings together compelling work from the three areas of significant innovation in plant biology: evolution and adaptation in flowers and pollination, mating patterns and gender strategies, and asexual reproduction and polyploidy. Spencer C. H. Barrett assembles here a distinguished group of authors who address evolutionary transitions using comparative and phylogenetic approaches, the tools of genomics, population genetics, and theoretical modeling, and through studies in development and field experiments in ecology. With special focus on evolutionary transitions and shifts in reproductive characters—key elements of biological diversification and research in evolutionary biology—Major Evolutionary Transitions in Flowering Plant Reproduction is the most up-to-date treatment of a fast-moving area of evolutionary biology and ecology.
Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Wind Pollination written by Jannice Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of wind pollination (anemophily) has occurred at least 65 times in the flowering plants and over 10% of angiosperm species are wind pollinated. However the pollination and mating of anemophily species is poorly understood, particularly in comparison with animal-pollinated species. My thesis employs a range of approaches and tools to examine the evolution and ecology of wind pollination. These include comparative analyses, theoretical modeling, field and glasshouse experiments, the use of genetic markers and quantitative genetics. Experimental studies on diverse taxa were used to address questions concerned with the efficacy of outcrossing mechanisms, the ecological and demographic context of pollination and mating, and the plasticity of sex allocation.Comparative analyses indicated that wind pollination is correlated with unisexual flowers, reduced ovule number, small unshowy flowers, an absence of nectar, and open habitats. These analyses also demonstrated that anemophily originates more often in lineages with unisexual flowers. This suggests that wind pollination evolves in diclinous taxa as a mechanism of reproductive assurance because autonomous selfing is mechanically precluded. Empirical data on stigmatic pollen loads in 19 anemophilous species challenge the widespread assumption that anemophilous plants commonly have uniovulate flowers because they capture few pollen grains. Further, a model based on floral costs and the aerodynamics of pollen capture demonstrated that when flowers are inexpensive it is optimal to produce many flowers each with few ovules, because this allows more efficient sampling of the airstream. Manipulative field experiments on seven Carex species indicated that neither monoecy nor protogyny, two putative outcrossing mechanisms, are effective at limiting selfing. Based on these results I suggest that geitonogamy can provide reproductive assurance in anemophilous species with unisexual flowers. Field experiments and the application of sex-specific markers in Rumex nivalis revealed that the local neighbourhood of maternal plants affects pollination intensity and progeny sex ratios. Finally, I demonstrated that plant density in Ambrosia artemisiifolia affects stigmatic pollen loads but not outcrossing rates. Through a quantitative genetics experiment in A. artemisiifolia, I detected significant genetic variation for plasticity in sex allocation, potentially enabling adaptive adjustment of sex allocation to local environmental conditions.
Download or read book Evolution of Wind pollination in Fraxinus Oleaceae written by Eva Wallander and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of IPSC 2019 2nd International Plant Spectroscopy Conference written by Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-12-28 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book Floral Mimicry written by Steven D. Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thie is the first definitive book on floral mimicry, providing a wider treatise on floral adaptation and plant evolution.
Download or read book Evolution of Plant Pollinator Relationships written by Sébastien Patiny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-08 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the evolutionary mechanisms and ecological implications behind a pollinator choosing its favourite flower? Sixty-five million years of evolution has created the complex and integrated system which we see today and understanding the interactions involved is key to environmental sustainability. Examining pollination relationships from an evolutionary perspective, this book covers both botanical and zoological aspects. It addresses the puzzling question of co-speciation and co-evolution and the complexity of the relationships between plant and pollinator, the development of which is examined through the fossil record. Additional chapters are dedicated to the evolution of floral displays and signalling, as well as their role in pollination syndromes and the building of pollination networks. Wide-ranging in its coverage, it outlines current knowledge and complex emerging topics, demonstrating how advances in research methods are applied to pollination biology.
Download or read book Floral Diagrams written by Louis P. Ronse De Craene and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Floral morphology is key for understanding floral evolution and plant identification. Floral diagrams are two-dimensional representations of flowers that replace extensive descriptions or elaborate drawings to convey information in a clear and unbiased way. Following the same outline as the first edition, this comprehensive guide includes updated and relevant literature, represents the latest phylogeny, and features 28 new diagrams. Diagrams are presented in the context of the most recent classifications, covering a variety of families and illustrating the floral diversity of major groups of plants. A strong didactic tool for observing and understanding floral structures, these diagrams are the obvious counterpart to any genetic study in flowering plants and to the discussion of major adaptations and evolutionary trends of flowers. This book is invaluable for researchers and students working on plant structure, development and systematics, as well as being an important resource for plant ecologists, evolutionary botanists and horticulturists.
Download or read book A Revision of the Genus Leucadendron Proteaceae written by Ion James Muirhead Williams and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reproductive Ecology of Flowering Plants Patterns and Processes written by Rajesh Tandon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction is the predominant mode of perpetuation for flowering plant species. Investigating the reproductive strategies of plants has grown to become a vast area of research and, in crop plants, covers events from flowering to fruit and seed development; in wild species, it extends up to seed dispersal and seedling recruitment. Thus, reproduction determines the extent of yield in crop plants and, in wild plants, also determines the efficacy of recruiting new adults to the population, making this field important both from fundamental and applied plant biology perspectives. Moreover, in light of the growing concerns regarding food and nutritional security for the growing population and preserving biological diversity, reproductive biology of flowering plants has acquired special significance. Extensive studies on various facets of reproduction are being carried out around the world. However, these studies are scattered across research journals and reviews from diverse areas of biology. The present volume covers the whole spectrum of reproductive ecology, from phenology and floral biology, to sexuality and pollination biology/ecology including floral rewards, breeding systems, apomixis and seed dispersal. In turn, transgene flow, its biosafety and mitigation approaches, and the ‘global pollinator crisis’, which has become a major international concern in light of the urgent need to sustain crop yield and biodiversity, are discussed in detail. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for students, teachers and researchers of botany, zoology, ecology, agriculture and forestry, as well as conservation biologists.
Download or read book The Ecology and Evolution of Wind Pollination written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PhD.
Download or read book The Ecology of Fynbos written by Richard M. Cowling and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Africa's Cape Floristic Region includes approximately 8,500 plant species. Most of this biodiversity is concentrated in fynbos, a fire-prone shrubland occurring on the sandy, infertile soils which predominate in this region.This book reviews a decade of rigorous research into the biogeography, ecology and management of fynbos, carried out under the auspices of the Fynbos Biome Project.
Download or read book Biomechanical and Ecological Insights on Evolutionary Transitions from Animal to Wind Pollination in Flowering Plants written by David Timerman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind pollination (anemophily) has evolved from animal pollination (zoophily) at least 65 times among angiosperm lineages and is associated with a characteristic syndrome of floral traits, probably reflecting convergent adaptation to aerodynamically driven processes. In this thesis, I investigated the floral trait modifications promoting wind pollination, their fitness effects in contrasting environments, and the evolutionary significance of ambophily, in which both wind and insect pollination occur. I focused on traits promoting pollen release in air because it is the critical first stage of wind pollination and is constrained in most zoophilous taxa. I begin by reviewing the aerodynamic principles governing pollen release to identify likely targets of selection for anemophily. I then performed a comparative biomechanical analysis of pollen release using Thalictrum (Ranunculaceae), an herbaceous genus with multiple independent transitions between pollen vectors. I demonstrated that turbulence-induced vibration of stamens is the primary mechanism of pollen release, and is more likely to occur in species with lower natural frequencies, an intrinsic property of materials in which length and mass vary inversely. I also investigated intraspecific variation in natural frequency and its effects on fitness in dioecious ambophilous T. pubescens. I detected heritable population differences in natural frequency and thus pollen release, and demonstrated using field experiments that selection favours lower natural frequencies when pollinators limit seed set. I then investigated the evolutionary stability of ambophily in T. pubescens by evaluating how variation in density and sex ratio affects pollination success through animal versus wind pollination. I demonstrated that fitness losses resulting from declining pollinator service are offset by wind pollination suggesting that the reproductive flexibility provided by ambophily may be adaptive in populations facing demographic uncertainty. Finally, I examined factors causing male-biased sex ratios in T. pubescens. Several lines of evidence indicated that the bias is likely established early in the life cycle, perhaps at the seed stage, perhaps reflecting an adaptive bias of the primary sex ratio. My thesis provides novel results and insights on the biomechanics of wind pollination and the microevolutionary processes operating during the early stages in the transition from animal to wind pollination.
Download or read book Reproductive Biology in Systematics Conservation and Economic Botany written by Simon J. Owens and published by Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. This book was released on 1998 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research papers presented at a conference to celebrate 25 years of research into reproductive biology at Kew, held in honour of Professor Jack and Dr Yolande Heslop-Harrison.
Download or read book Aspects of the Evolutionary Biology of the Proteaceae with Emphasis on the Genus Leucadendron and Its Phylogeny written by Jeremy John Midgley and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study on Floral Evolution in Relation to Pollination Ecology written by Elmar E. Leppik and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perspectives on New Crops and New Uses written by Jules Janick and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
