Download or read book Evolution of two oceanic extratropical cyclones as observed with the special sensor microwave imager and the Geosat and ERS 1 altimeters written by K.B. KATSAROS and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation and Water in the Climate System written by Ehrhard Raschke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the earth's climate requires reliable global data sets to validate numerical simulation models and to identify regional and global fluctuations and trends. This book presents ways to obtain such data from space-borne and ground-based measurements, both passive and active, over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. It describes the basics of such methods together with the most recent advancements and spans the field from clouds and the planetary radiation budget to surface processes and ocean properties. Each subject is backed by extensive reference lists to enable readers to probe more deeply.
Download or read book Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Convective Structure and Its Evolution in Tropical Cyclones as Observed by Passive Microwave Sensors in Relation to Intensity Change written by Daniel Harnos and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of passive microwave sensors in analysis of tropical cyclones provide unique insight into the microphysical attributes and system structure opposed to other instruments that are only able to detect information about the cloud top. With the ability to infer information about key microphysical processes and structure at high resolution, these platforms provide a glimpse into tropical cyclone development and intensification over systems0́9 life cycles. In particular, passive microwave observations have the potential to depict crucial precursors of rapid intensification (RI; defined as a wind increase of 30 kt/24 hr). A dataset with a common resolution of 8 km across all channels is developed for the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) from 1987-2008 and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) for 1997-2008. Statistical metrics are calculated for each storm overpass using 85 GHz and 37 GHz polarization corrected temperatures as well as microwave rain rate estimates. These products are examined as a function of azimuth and annuli in true-north, storm-relative motion, and shear-relative coordinates and evaluated in terms of intensity (wind speed) and intensity change (wind speed change over time). To examine predictive potential of these sensors, the brightness temperature statistics are evaluated in terms of linear correlations between intensity and its change. Highest values occur on the order of 0.7, and are seen at radii of 110 km between median values for 85 GHz PCT and rain rates with observed intensity. An increase in skill is evident following the initial satellite overpass, suggesting a lag between latent heating at the time of overpass and the resultant intensification. Despite this, correlation is consistently less skillful for evaluations of intensity change with values at short time changes of around 0.3. The distribution of statistical values are also evaluated in the context of the dataset with median values at the 110 km distance showing the greatest distinction of 85 GHz PCTs and rain rates for storms at the onset of RI and those that are not, with less variation seen for percentiles > 90% that are indicative of isolated convective activity. With the differentiation in structure noted between RI and non-RI storms, composites are created for each of the brightness temperature products, with a distinct modest convective ring structure evident at the onset of RI that is not present in the non-RI class. Over time this convective ring shows a tendency to contract and intensify over the 24 hour period examined for RI, with the increased latent heating over a more focused area acting to increase the system intensity. Through these evaluations the continued importance spatial convective coverage and axisymmetricization is underscored in intensity and intensity change evaluation, with a lack of signal seen in more isolated convective predictors.
Download or read book The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones written by Melyvn Shapiro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the expanded versions of invited papers presented at the International Symposium on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, held in Bergen, Norway, 27 June–1 July 1994. It is of particular interest to historians of meteorology, researchers and forecasters. The material can be used for advanced undergraduate and undergraduate meteorology courses, and it represents a useful source of references to extratropical cyclones. The book provides the historical background of extratropical cyclone research and forecasting from the eighteenth to the mid-twentieth century. It also presents extratropical cyclone theory, observations, analysis, diagnosis and prediction.
Download or read book Extratropical Cyclones written by Chester Newton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is composed of 12 review papers invited for the Palmen Memorial Symposium on Extratropical Cyclones held in Helsinki, Finland, 29 August - 2 September 1988. To celebrate the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Erik Palmén, this symposium was organized to give a state-of-the-art picture of research on the structure and dynamics of extratropical cyclones, a topic which Palmén pioneered during the era of advances in aerological analysis. This symposium was organized by the Geophysical Society of Finland and the American Meteorological Society in cooperation with the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish Geophysical Societies. Extratropical Cyclones offers state-of-the-art information on extratropical cyclones, and recent findings by European and American authorities in various subject areas. The first two chapters discuss Palmen's works on cyclones and his early general circulation concepts. The ten chapters following chronicle the advances in understanding cyclones; the theory, structure, and physical processes of cyclones; orographic cyclogenesis; and more. Extratropical Cyclones also contains synoptic case analyses, modeling results, examples of the phenomena discussed, and abundant references. While particular aspects are emphasized in the individual contributions, the book as a whole summarizes the major features of various kinds of extratropical cyclones based on observational analyses, theory and numerical experimentation. This volume is of interest to researchers in dynamic and synoptic meteorology, climatology and mesometeorology, as well as in numerical modeling and weather forecasting. It is also useful for meteorology courses at graduate and upper undergraduate levels.
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tropical Cyclones written by Richard Anthes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical Cyclones and hurricanes, long feared for the death and destruction that often accompanies them, are among the most fascinating of atmospheric phenomena. Created by thermodynamic processes, they unleash vast amounts of energy and influence a wide variety of natural processes along their paths. Richard Anthes tells the story of tropical cyclones creation and destruction, of meteorology's successes in understanding, modeling and predicting their behavior, and of the attempts to modify them. The book begins with a lively introduction to hurricanes, their awesome power, and their effects on individuals and societies in the past and present. The characteristics of the mature hurricane are revealed by consideration of rawinsonde, aircraft and satellite data. The physical processes responsible for the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones are treated comprehensively, and illustrated with both qualitative and quantitative examples. The role of the planetary boundary layer, cumulus convection and radiation are all discussed in detail. Progress in numerical simulation of tropical cyclones is carefully reviewed. Modern, three-dimensional models succeed in simulating observed features such as the eye and spiral rain bands and in predicting storm motion over time intervals of three days. Current capabilities to predict and modify hurricanes and tropical cyclones are fully examined. The methods and difficulties of operational forecasting, the economic aspects of storm predictions, and the trends in accuracy of offical forecasts are all considered. The potential benefits and scientific problems associated with hurricane modification are discussed as part of a review of experimental and theoretical results on the consquences of seeding hurricane clouds. A unique feature of the book is a thorough treatment of the interactions between storm and ocean, with both observations and thery being integrated to provide a complete description.
Download or read book Microwave Observations of Mesoscale Convective Systems During Tropical Cyclone Genesis in the Western North Pacific written by David Milot and published by . This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the role mesoscale convective systems (MCS) play in the genesis stages of tropical cyclones will increase the ability to predict their formation. This thesis employs polar-orbiter microwave and geostationary infrared satellite imagery to document MCS structure and evolution during tropical cyclone genesis. Microwave imagery at frequencies of 19.35 GHz and 85.5 GHz are used to define convective and stratiform cloud areal amounts, percent coverage, and time-integrated rain rates. Collocations with geostationary infrared images are used to calibrate that imagery so that the hourly values may be calculated until another microwave image is available. Specifically, seven MCSs in two disturbances that eventually developed into tropical cyclones were analyzed. Two MCSs in non-developing storms are also described for contrast.
Download or read book Diagnostics of Observed and Numerically Simulated Extratropical Cyclones written by Carlyle Hilton Wash and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones written by Johnny C. L. Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pt. I. Theory of tropical cyclones. ch. 1. Tropical cyclone structure and dynamics / Jeffrey D. Kepert. ch. 2. Tropical cyclone formation / Kevin J. Tory and William M. Frank. ch. 3. Air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones / Lynn K. Shay. ch. 4. Movement of tropical cyclones / Johnny C.L. Chan. ch. 5. The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones : structural characteristics, downstream impacts, and forecast challenges / Patrick A. Harr -- pt. II. Observations of tropical cyclones. ch. 6. Observing and analyzing the near-surface wind field in tropical cyclones / Mark D. Powell. ch. 7. Satellite observations of tropical cyclones / Christopher Velden and Jeffrey Hawkins. ch. 8. Aircraft observations of tropical cyclones / Sim D. Aberson [und weitere] -- pt. III. Climate variations of tropical cyclone activity. ch. 9. Tropical cyclones and climate change : a review / Thomas Knutson, Chris Landsea and Kerry Emanuel -- pt. IV. Forecasting of tropical cyclones. ch. 10. Track and structure forecasts of tropical cyclones / Julian Heming and Jim Goerss. ch. 11. The influence of natural climate variability on tropical cyclones, and seasonal forecasts of tropical cyclone activity / Suzana J. Camargo [und weitere] -- pt. V. Hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones. ch. 12. Storm surge modeling and applications in coastal areas / Shishir K. Dube [und weitere] -- pt. VI. Societal impacts of tropical cyclones. ch. 13. Disaster mitigation and societal impacts / David King, Jim Davidson and Linda Anderson-Berry
Download or read book Monitoring Tropical Cyclone Evolution with NOAA Satellite Microwave Observations written by Christopher S. Velden and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Tropical Cyclones Using Microwave Data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager written by Hongwei Zhao and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observational Numerical Study of Maritime Extratropical Cyclones Using FGGE First GARP Global Experiment Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses of First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) data have been used to study three cases of maritime extratropical cyclone development. It has been demonstrated that these FGGE analyses are consistent with the observations through synoptic comparisons and satellite interpretations. Quasi-Lagrangian diagnostic budgets of mass, vorticity, angular momentum and heat have been computed in pressure coordinates for observed and model-generated cyclones. The roles of jet streaks and small static stability in the lower troposphere during rapid development of maritime cyclones have been documented. Vertical circulation trends in the mass budget are consistent with the sea-level pressure evolution in each case. Inward transport of vorticity due to the jet streak coincides with the rapid development phase. Vorticity budgets of these maritime cyclones appear to be consistent with earlier studies of continental cyclones. To complement the observational studies, similar diagnostic studies hace been done for numerical simulations of maritime cyclogenesis under straight upper-level flow. These studies demonstrate that similar physical mechanisms are involved in the simulated storms as were found in the FGGE-based studies. Two sets of numerical model predictions from the FGGE analyses were examined for an explosively deepening cyclone over the western North Pacific Ocean. Both models predicted the most rapid deepening phase too early and resulted in too low sea-level pressures.
Download or read book Observations and Modeling of the Coastal Ocean Beneath Tropical and Extra tropical Cyclones written by Travis N. Miles and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observational Numerical Study of Maritime Extratropical Cyclones Using FGGE First GARP Global Experiment Data written by R. L. Elsberry and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses of First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE) data have been used to study three cases of maritime extratropical cyclone development. It has been demonstrated that these FGGE analyses are consistent with the observations through synoptic comparisons and satellite interpretations. Quasi-Lagrangian diagnostic budgets of mass, vorticity, angular momentum and heat have been computed in pressure coordinates for observed and model-generated cyclones. The roles of jet streaks and small static stability in the lower troposphere during rapid development of maritime cyclones have been documented. Vertical circulation trends in the mass budget are consistent with the sea-level pressure evolution in each case. Inward transport of vorticity due to the jet streak coincides with the rapid development phase. Vorticity budgets of these maritime cyclones appear to be consistent with earlier studies of continental cyclones. To complement the observational studies, similar diagnostic studies hace been done for numerical simulations of maritime cyclogenesis under straight upper-level flow. These studies demonstrate that similar physical mechanisms are involved in the simulated storms as were found in the FGGE-based studies. Two sets of numerical model predictions from the FGGE analyses were examined for an explosively deepening cyclone over the western North Pacific Ocean. Both models predicted the most rapid deepening phase too early and resulted in too low sea-level pressures.
Download or read book Observations of the Upper Ocean from Autonomous Platforms During the Passage of Extratropical Cyclone Epsilon 2020 written by Michael T. Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricane Epsilon (2020) was a late-season, category-3 tropical cyclone that underwent extratropical transition and became Extratropical Cyclone Epsilon on 26 October. The upper ocean response to the passage of the storm was observed by three types of autonomous platforms: the eXpendable Spar buoy, the Air-Launched Autonomous Micro Observer profiling float, and two Seagliders. Taken together, this array enabled the rare collection of contemporaneous observations of the upper ocean, air-sea interface, and atmospheric boundary layer before, during, and after the passage of the storm. The evidence presented highlights how Extratropical Cyclone Epsilon broke down the residual North Atlantic summer stratification regime and accelerated the shift to the period of prolonged ocean cooling associated with winter. The significance of the synergistic capabilities of the array is two-fold: 1) comparing observations of the same parameters, taken from different platforms, enables a comprehensive approach to better understanding how storm-induced momentum, sensible heat, and moisture fluxes input kinetic and near-inertial energy into the ocean and thereby alter upper ocean structure; and 2) future, targeted deployments of similarly capable observational arrays will reduce the uncertainty of tropical and extratropical cyclone intensity forecasts by facilitating the assimilation of real-time subsurface ocean data into coupled numerical prediction models.
