Download or read book Evidence for Neuron glia Signaling in Trigeminal Ganglia written by Srikanth Thalakoti and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to investigate neuronal-glial cell signaling in trigeminal ganglia under basal and inflammatory conditions using an in vivo model of acute temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation. Inflammation of the TMJ and release of inflammatory mediators that cause activation of trigeminal nerves is implicated in TMJ pathologies. While neuron-glia interactions are known to be involved in all stages of inflammation and pain associated with several CNS diseases, the role of neuron-glia interactions within the trigeminal ganglion under normal and inflammatory conditions is not known. In control animals, only minimal gap junction communication was observed between neuronal cell bodies and satellite glial cells. However, gap junction communication between these cell types was greatly increased in response to capsaicin stimulation of trigeminal nerves that provide sensory innervation of the TMJ. In addition, capsaicin stimulation of trigeminal nerves increased the expression of the inflammatory proteins MAPKs and MKPs in both neurons and glia in all regions of the ganglion. Interestingly, increased levels of these proteins were also observed in the contra-lateral ganglion. This is the first evidence, to my knowledge, of neuron-glia signaling via gap junctions within the trigeminal ganglion. Based on my findings, it is likely that neuronal-glial communication via gap junctions and paracrine signaling are involved in the development of peripheral sensitization within the trigeminal ganglion and, thus, are likely to play an important role in TMJ pathologies. Furthermore, propose that propagation of inflammatory signals within the ganglion may help to explain commonly reported symptoms of co-morbid conditions associated with TMJ disorders.
Download or read book Effect of Intranasal Delivery of Carbon Dioxide on Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons written by Stanka Kankipati (M. K.) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data from recent clinical trails [sic] have reported that intranasal administration of non-inhaled 100% medical grade CO2 is an effective and safe treatment for migraine and allergic rhinosinusitis, but the exact mechanism of action of CO2 in treating these diseases is not well understood. Activation of trigeminal nerves, release of CGRP, and neuron-glia interactions through gap junctions in trigeminal ganglion are implicated in the pathology of migraine and allergic rhinosinusitis. The goal of this study was to determine whether administration of 100% CO2 to the nasal mucosa of rats inhibits trigeminal ganglion neuron-glia signaling and neuronal cell secretion. Increased signaling via gap junctions between trigeminal neurons and satellite glial cells was seen 2 hrs after capsaicin injection into the whisker pad. This gap junction communication was greatly reduced in animals treated with CO2 prior to capsaicin stimulation. CO2 treatment also blocked the stimulatory effect of capsaicin on Cx 26, S100B and CGRP expression. In addition, CO2 caused a decrease in levels of SNAP-25, a protein involved in controlling CGRP release from trigeminal nerves. Results from this in vivo study provide the first evidence of a unique regulatory mechanism by which CO2 inhibits sensory nerve activation, neuron-glial cell signaling, and subsequent neuropeptide release.
Download or read book Identification of Connexins in Facilitating Neuron satellite Glial Cell Signaling in Trigeminal Ganglia written by Filip G. Garrett and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation of trigeminal nerves in response to an inflammatory stimulus causes increased communication between neurons and surrounding satellite glial cells via gap junctions in the trigeminal ganglion (TG). The goal of this study was to identify the gap junction proteins, or connexins (Cxs), in the ganglion in response to three different models of inflammation: acute, acute-sensitization, and chronic. Initially, quantitative PCR was used to demonstrate that mRNA for Cxs: 26, 29, 36, 37, 40, 43, 50, and 57 was expressed in TG under basal conditions. Next, protein expression of Cxs: 26, 32, 36, 40, 43, 46, and 50 was demonstrated in TG by immunohistochemistry. Expression of Cxs: 26, 36, and 40 were increased in response to acute and chronic inflammation of the jaw, or temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Importantly, the formation of gap junction plaques by Cx26 was observed between neurons and satellite glial cells. In other studies, a model of acute-sensitization was used to simulate the significant comorbitities between rhinosinusitus and migraine. In this model, increased gap junction signaling between neurons and satellite glial cells as well as increased Cx26 plaque formation was observed. Significantly, the anti-migraine drug tonabersat decreased neuron-glial cell communication and decreased the formation of Cx26 plaques. To my knowledge, this is the first study to look at connexin expression in trigeminal ganglion under basal and inflammatory conditions. Results from my study provide evidence that Cx26 plays an important role in facilitating neuron-satellite glial cell communication and hence, a role in peripheral sensitization. Furthermore, my data suggest that tonabersat may function as an anti-migraine drug by blocking gap junction communication in trigeminal ganglion.
Download or read book Glial Neuronal Signaling written by Glenn I. Hatton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Neuronal Signaling fills a need for a monograph/textbook to be used in advanced courses or graduate seminars aimed at exploring glial-neuronal interactions. Even experts in the field will find useful the authoritative summaries of evidence on ion channels and transporters in glia, genes involved in signaling during development, metabolic cross talk and cooperation between astrocytes and neurons, to mention but a few of the timely summaries of a wide range of glial-neuronal interactions. The chapters are written by the top researchers in the field of glial-neuronal signaling, and cover the most current advances in this field. The book will also be of value to the workers in the field of cell biology in general. When we think about the brain we usually think about neurons. Although there are 100 billion neurons in mammalian brain, these cells do not constitute a majority. Quite the contrary, glial cells and other non-neuronal cells are 10-50 times more numerous than neurons. This book is meant to integrate the emerging body of information that has been accumulating, revealing the interactive nature of the brain's two major neural cell types, neurons and glia, in brain function.
Download or read book Regulation of S100B Expression in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons and Glia written by Lauren E. Langford and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pathophysiology of Headaches written by Messoud Ashina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of both primary headaches – migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and cluster headache – and the very important and frequent type of secondary headache, medication overuse headache (MOH). After an introductory chapter describing relevant neuroanatomy and vascular anatomy, the evidence gained from animal models regarding the pathophysiology of migraine and the other primary headaches is reviewed. Knowledge of the genetic component in the different types of headache is then examined with reference to recent evidence, for example regarding the implication of the trigeminovascular system and cortical spreading depression in migraine. Detailed information is provided on insights into primary headaches from imaging studies, including functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography and on their neurophysiology and biochemistry. A further series of important chapters describe present knowledge of the pathophysiology of each specific type of headache and consider future directions. Written by acknowledged experts in their fields from Europe and the United States, clinicians and students will find Pathophysiology of Headaches to be an excellent source of up-to-date information on why patients experience headaches. In addition, it will be of value for pain researchers investigating the underlying mechanisms of headache.
Download or read book Contemporary Oral Medicine written by Camile S. Farah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by world authorities in the field, is a comprehensive, up-to-date guide to the specialty of Oral Medicine, which is concerned with the diagnosis, prevention, and predominantly non-surgical management of medically related disorders and conditions affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. The pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of all relevant diseases and disorders are described with the aid of a wealth of clinical cases and illustrations that enable the reader to appreciate the diversity and potential complexity of Oral Medicine. In addition to the wide-ranging coverage of oral conditions, separate sections are devoted to bone and cutaneous pathology and to orofacial pain and its management, in addition to dental sleep medicine. The clinician who treats Oral Medicine patients will find this book to be an excellent aid to optimal management grounded in a sound knowledge of basic science and the dental and medical aspects of each disorder. In addition, it will serve as an outstanding textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students.
Download or read book Immune and Glial Regulation of Pain written by Joyce A. De Leo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Review of immune and glial factors within the peripheral and central nervous systems that relate to chronic pain states. Discussion of novel immune and glial targets for clinical pain control that may yield new analgesic drugs"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book Neuroglia written by Helmut Kettenmann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroglia, the third edition, is the long-awaited revision of the most highly regarded reference volume on glial cells. This indispensable edition has been completely revised, greatly enlarged, and enhanced with four-color figures throughout, all in response to the tremendous amount of new information that has accumulated since the previous edition seven years ago. Glial cells are, without doubt, the new stars in the neuroscience and neurology communities. Neglected in research for years, it is now evident that the brain only functions in a concerted action of all the cells, namely glia and neurons. Seventy one chapters comprehensively discuss virtually every aspect of normal glial cell anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and function, and consider the central roles of these cells in neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy, and psychiatric conditions. More than 20 new chapters have been added to accommodate the unprecedented growth of knowledge about the basic biology of glia and the sophisticated manner in which they partner with neurons in the course of normal brain function. Lavishly illustrated and meticulously edited, the third edition remains the most convenient and maximally useful reference available. This new edition is an essential reference for both newcomers to the field as well as established investigators. Neuroglia belongs on every neuroscientist's bookshelf and will be a great asset for educators and neurological clinicians as well.
Download or read book Purinergic Signalling in Neuron Glia Interactions written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATP, the intracellular energy source, is also an extremely important cell–cell signalling molecule for a wide variety of cells across evolutionarily diverse organisms. The extracellular biochemistry of ATP and its derivatives is complex, and the multiple membrane receptors that it activates are linked to many intracellular signalling systems. Purinergic signalling affects a diverse range of cellular phenomena, including ion channel function, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recently, this class of signalling molecules and receptors has been found to mediate communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells (glia) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Glia are critical for normal brain function, development and response to injury. Neural impulse activity is detected by glia and purinergic signalling is emerging as a major means of integrating functional activity between neurons, glia and vascular cells in the nervous system. These interactions mediate effects of neural activity on the development of the nervous system and in association with injury, neurodegeneration, myelination and cancer. Bringing together contributions from experts in diverse fields, including glial biologists, neurobiologists and specialists in purinergic receptor structure and pharmacology, this book considers how extracellular ATP acts to integrate communication between different types of glia, and between neurons and glia. Beginning with an overview of glia and purinergic signalling, it contains detailed coverage of purine release, receptors and reagents, purinergic signalling in the neural control of glial development, glial involvement in information processing, and discussion of the interactions between neurons and microglia.
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry written by Abel Lajtha and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology written by Ramon Lim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-18 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Handbook is intended to be a service to the neuroscience community, to help in finding available and useful information, to point out gaps in our knowledge, and to encourage continued studies. It represents the valuable contributions of the many authors of the chapters and the guidance of the editors and most important, it represents support for research in this discipline. Based on the rapid advances in the years since the second edition."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book The Satellite Cells of the Sensory Ganglia written by Ennio Pannese and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Voltage Gated Sodium Channels written by Peter C. Ruben and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of techniques to study ion channels have been developed since the electrical basis of excitability was first discovered. Ion channel biophysicists have at their disposal a rich and ever-growing array of instruments and reagents to explore the biophysical and structural basis of sodium channel behavior. Armed with these tools, researchers have made increasingly dramatic discoveries about sodium channels, culminating most recently in crystal structures of voltage-gated sodium channels from bacteria. These structures, along with those from other channels, give unprecedented insight into the structural basis of sodium channel function. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology will explore sodium channels from the perspectives of their biophysical behavior, their structure, the drugs and toxins with which they are known to interact, acquired and inherited diseases that affect sodium channels and the techniques with which their biophysical and structural properties are studied.
Download or read book Axon Degeneration written by Elisabetta Babetto and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of classical as well as innovative methods used to investigate axon degeneration with a particular focus on addressing the common challenges encountered while performing these procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the study of axon loss in several model organisms, as each poses unique challenges and provides powerful advantages. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Axon Degeneration: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for facilitating the application and further development of these protocols, which will help the scientific community tackle important questions regarding axon degeneration. Chapters 2, 3, and 20 are available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Orofacial Pain written by Barry J. Sessle and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it comes to mechanisms, diagnosis, and management of acute and chronic orofacial pain, no book is more comprehensive than Orofacial Pain. With 54 leading pain specialists documenting the latest research advances and treatments, this book is the new standard resource for understanding, assessing, and managing all aspects of orofacial pain. Orofacial Pain’s 24 chapters address the epidemiologic, socioeconomic, and psychological aspects of orofacial pain conditions as well as the mechanisms underlying orofacial pain revealed in recent studies in humans and animals. Most other books on this topic focus on just one or two aspects of orofacial pain—and nearly all with only dental students or clinicians in mind. Orofacial Pain provides the most up-to-date, complete, and integrated coverage of advances in research and new evidence. It is must reading not only for dental clinicians but also for pain scientists and specialists, neurologists, and other clinicians.
Download or read book Neurons written by Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda Abreu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex structure that exists in the universe, consisting of neurons whose function is to receive information through dendrites and transmit information through the axon. In neurosciences one of the main problems that exists are neurodegenerative diseases for which until now there has been no cure. This book is mainly focused on updating the information on the signaling process carried out in the development of axons. Topics such as axon guidance and its interaction with the extracellular matrix are discussed. Other important topics are semaphorins and their relationship with neurodegenerative diseases, and the neurobiology of the gap junction in the dorsal root ganglion. Finally, the topic of bioelectrical interfaces destined to regenerate damaged nerves is covered. The information in this book will be very important both for researchers who work with these issues and doctoral students who are involved in neuroscience.
