Download or read book Evaluation of the Effects of Biodiesel Purification Methods on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics written by S. Ramuhaheli and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Literature review: Biodiesel production by transesterification -- Biodiesel production from used cooking oil -- Biodiesel purification methods -- Engine performance -- Analysis of engine performance characteristics: Brake effective power -- Brake specific fuel consumption -- Brake thermal efficiency -- Exhaust gas temperature -- Emission characteristics -- Analysis of the emission characteristics: Carbon monoxide emission -- Un-burnt hydrocarbon emission -- Particulate matter and smoke intensity -- Nitrogen oxides emission -- Experimental methodology: Titration for free fatty acid (FFA) using potassium hydroxide (KOH) -- Biodiesel production and testing -- Purification of Biodiesel: Dry washing method using amberlite resin -- Water washing method -- Engine specifications and test procedure -- Engine test automation (ETA) screen monitoring and engine controlling data -- Dynamometer calibration -- Throttle calibration --Smoke meter calibration --Temperature calibration -- Precaution and maintenance instruction of the engine: Operation -- Smoke emission analysis: Properties of water-washed and dry washed biodiesel fuel sample.
Download or read book Biodiesel Combustion Performance and Emissions Characteristics written by Semakula Maroa and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on biodiesel combustion, including biodiesel performance, emissions and control. It brings together a range of international research in combustion studies in order to offer a comprehensive resource for researchers, students and academics alike. The book begins with an introduction to biodiesel combustion, followed by a discussion of NOx formation routes. It then addresses biodiesel production processes and oil feedstocks in detail, discusses the physiochemical properties of biodiesel, and explores the benefits and drawbacks of these properties. Factors influencing the formation of emissions, including NOx emissions, are also dealt with thoroughly. Lastly, the book discusses the mechanisms of pollution and different approaches used to reduce pollutants in connection with biodiesel. Each approach is considered in detail, and diagrams are provided to illustrate the points in line with industry standard control mechanisms.
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Gisela Montero and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book entitled "Biodiesel: Quality, Emissions and By-products" covers topics related to biodiesel quality, performance of combustion engines that use biodiesel and the emissions they generate. New routes to determinate biodiesel properties are proposed and the process how the raw material source, impurities and production practices can affect the quality of the biodiesel is analyzed. In relation to the utilization of biofuel, the performance of combustion engines fuelled by biodiesel and biodiesels blends are evaluated. The applications of glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel production process as a feedstock for biotechnological processes, and a key compound of the biorefinery of the future is also emphasized.
Download or read book Bio Diesel Extraction and Performance Emission Characteristics written by Hanumanth Mulimani and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continual rise in oil prices, the shortening supply of oil reserves, & the impending threat of global warming due to combustion engine emissions are all reasons to focus on alternatives to energy from fossil fuels. Biodiesel fuel has provided an alternative to diesel oil for over a decade now, & recent research suggests that it will be an even more viable and economical option in years to come. In this book Author has mainly focused on the Transesterification process for extraction of biodiesel form the crude Cotton Seed Oil (CSO). Then conducted an experimental to determine the performance and emission characteristic of the blended Biodiesel in IC engine. The conventional engine was tested for single cylinder at constant rated speed of 1500 rpm throughout its power range using 100% CSO and blends of 20, 40, 60, & 80%. The results found were very impressive, diesel engine performed satisfactorily on biodiesel, & its blends too had better emission properties than diesel. Properties of the 20% blend are very near to diesel fuel & its performance was better than other blends. This book gives huge knowledge for biodiesel production with its performance & emission characteristics.
Download or read book Optimization of Biodiesel and Biofuel Process written by Diego Luna and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the compression ignition (C.I.) engine, invented by Rudolf Diesel, was originally intended to work with pure vegetable oils as fuel, more than a century ago, it was adapted to be used with a fuel of fossil origin, obtained from oil. Therefore, there would be no technical difficulties in returning to the primitive design of using biofuels of renewable origin, such as vegetable oils. The main drawback is found in the one billion C.I. engines which are currently in use, which would have to undergo a modification in the injection system in order to adapt them to the higher viscosity of vegetable oils in comparison to that of fossil fuels. Thus, the gradual incorporation of biofuels as substitutes of fossil fuels is mandatory.
Download or read book Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel in Diesel Engines written by Ibrahim Said and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-01-05 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetable oils are green promising alternative fuels for diesel engines such as jatropha oil. When they are used in diesel engines, higher viscosity and lower volatility of vegetable oils causes problems in spray penetration, atomization and mixture formation. Blends of biodiesel and diesel oil by volume (B5, B20, B40, B70 and B100) are burned. We produced biodiesel with standard chemical and physical properties. A new biodiesel engine should be designed to burn biodiesel blends up to B100 according to biodiesel thermodynamic cycle is needed. Conventional diesel engines are not suitable to burn biodiesel efficiently. Combustion and characteristics of biodiesel and preheated oil are extensively furnished. Burning biodiesel reduces emissions of CO, CO2 and HC. Suggested biodiesel engine should be designed to reduce NOx. This book can be useful for engineers, researchers, technologists seeking biodiesel production, environmental scientists, and car manufacturers.
Download or read book Studies on Biodiesel Production written by Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama Sastry and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel production through optimized transesterification processes is attracting continuing interest among researchers. In the transesterification process, a triglyceride molecule reacts with an alcohol molecule causing the separation of one the fatty acids of the triglyceride, producing a diglyceride, and an ester. This glyceride reacts with a second molecule of alcohol that takes another fatty acid, forming a second ester and a mono glyceride. Finally a third molecule of alcohol reacts with the monoglyceride, forming the third ester and a molecule of glycerin. The reactions occurring are reversible, and the stoichiometric ratio is three moles of methanol for each mole of oil being processed. The reaction can be carried out with concentrations of alcohol in excess, as this reduces time and increases the conversion efficiency of the process. The formed Biodiesel can be tested for performance and emission characteristics in an Engine. This work is aimed for utilization by researchers, industrialists' and traditional businesses. Apart from this it will be especially relevant and useful for the students of Mechanical and Chemical engineering for carrying out research in this area.
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Jorge Mario Marchetti and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel, which consists of long-chain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained from renewable lipids such as those in vegetable oils or animal fat can be used as both an alternative fuel and an additive for petroleum diesel. This book gathers research from across the globe in the study of biodiesel blends, properties and applications. Topics discussed include biodiesel purification methods; exhaust emissions study of biodiesel operated garbage trucks; the heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of triglycerides into biodiesel; valorisation of wastes and by-products derived from biodiesel manufacturing and biodiesel production using cation-exchange resin as heterogeneous acid catalyst.
Download or read book Engine Performance and Emissions Characteristics when Using Biodiesel in Diesel Engines written by Justin P. Stergar and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Bio diesel Fuel Blends on the Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engine written by Sergio Bastiani and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents an experimental investigation into the effects of running biodiesel fuel blends on conventional diesel engines. Bio fuels provide a way to produce fuels without redesigning any of the engine technology present today, yet allowing for green house emissions to decrease. Bio-diesel is one of these types of emerging bio-fuels, which has an immediate alternative fuel aspect to it, while providing a decrease in green house emissions, as well as a solution to recycling used Waste Vegetable Oils which are other wise disposed. This study shows how by blending bio-diesel with petroleum diesel at intervals of B5, B10, B15, and B20 decrease green house emissions can significantly while maintaining similar performance output and efficiency with respect to 100% petroleum diesel.
Download or read book The Effects of Oxidized Biodiesel Fuel on Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Composition and Particulate Matter Emissions From a Light Duty Diesel Engine written by Jack Elliot Reed and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel particulate matter (PM) is classified by the EPA as carcinogenic, with the transportation sector largely responsible these emissions within the United States. Biodiesel (B100) is derived from renewable sources, providing similar chemical composition to diesel fuel and is in the current diesel supply up to 5% across the nation. However, biodiesel has an inherent oxidation issue due to the unique mixture of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) molecules present in the biodiesel that are not in diesel. Biodiesel oxidation can only be delayed, and the inevitable process results in changes to the original fuel composition that may alter emissions profiles. There have been limited studies on the effect of oxidized biodiesel fuel on PM emissions, and with increasing biodiesel production volumes, it is important to assess due to possible adverse human health effects. In this study, it was hypothesized that the change in fuel composition due to oxidation would lead to lower PM emissions because the presence of more fuel oxygen molecules and secondary oxidation products would enhance self-combustion characteristics. In this study, PM mass generated from a light-duty diesel engine running on three different fuel types--pure ("neat") B100 biodiesel, pure B0 diesel, and B20 (20% v/v biodiesel blend with diesel)--was quantified and compared to the PM mass (and concentrations) from repeated emissions testing using artificially oxidized B100 and B20 biodiesel as the fuel source. B100 fuel was heated at 110oC for 5, 10, and 20 hours ("oxidation states" 3, 2, and 1, respectively), verifying the extent of fuel oxidation by building an apparatus (Biodiesel Oxidation Stability Surveyor, BOSS) that quantified the biodiesel fuel's oxidative stability using a method equivalent to standard methods for determining the biofuel's induction period. Induction period increased linearly with time spent under the artificial oxidation conditions. A custom, load-based steady-state modal drive cycle was specially developed for emissions testing each neat and oxidized B100 and B20 fuel type in a light-duty diesel engine dynamometer. Observed changes in PM mass with increased fuel oxidation time occurred only for B20 fuel with a 51 ±13% decrease. Fuel properties such as cetane number, biodiesel content, density, and total aromatics were compared between neat and oxidized B20 and B100 samples. Cetane number increased 7% from 66.8 to 71.7 from B100 neat to B100 OX1 (20hrs) and density increased from 0.709g/cm3 to 0.723g/cm3. Chemical analysis of the biodiesel fuels by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) quantified individual FAME compounds to determine key species involved in fuel oxidation. B100 FAME concentration widely varied, however, the B20 fuel blend showed that 20 hour artificial oxidation treatment decreased concentrations of the unsaturated FAMEs for C18:3n3, C18:2 cis-9,12, C18:1 (both cis- and trans- isomers) by 41.7 ±3.5%, 33.25 ±8.8%, and 21.9 ±6.9% relative to their initial concentration in the unoxidized fuel, respectively, in general agreement with literature values. The findings of this study help contribute a better understanding of oxidation effects on biodiesel fuel and link together fuel properties, chemical composition, and particulate emissions whereas most literature excludes detailed analysis of biodiesel fuel composition and associated emissions effects.
Download or read book Effect of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blends on Performance and Emissions from a CRDI Diesel Engine written by Giancarlo Chiatti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The employment of biofuels in blends with diesel oil proved to attain a reduced environmental impact without compromising the engine performance. Among biofuels, waste cooking oil offers the advantages of its reduced raw material cost in comparison with fresh vegetable oil cost; it also eliminates the environmental impacts caused by its disposal. Although a great number of researches has been devoted to biodiesel combustion in engines and pollutant emissions, few studies can be found on light duty diesel engine equipped with up-to-date technologies. This work aims at investigating the impact of waste cooking oil percentage in blends with diesel oil on the performance and emission characteristics of an up-to-date light and compact common rail diesel engine whose main application is in microcars and in urban vehicles. A comprehensive experimental activity was performed in the engine complete operative field. The comparison of the results with those obtained with standard ultralow-sulfur diesel highlighted that the engine performance was quite similar for B20 and diesel oil. B40 suffered for the lower caloric value in regard to diesel. A reduction in CO and HC was obtained with biodiesel blends, along with an increase in NOx. Particulate emissions were also reduced for biodiesel blends; the mean size of particles was smaller as regards diesel oil.
Download or read book Quantitative Impact on Engine Performance and Emissions of High Proportion Biodiesel Blends and the Required Engine Control Strategies written by Sathaporn Chuepeng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Biodiesel by Unconventional Methods Photothermal Techniques written by Maria Castro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Additives on Biodiesel Blend for Engine Performance and Emission Improvement written by Obed Majeed Ali and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is receiving more and more attention as a renewable fuel; serve as an alternative to mineral diesel. Fossil fuels are depleting with time due to their limited resources. On the other hand; the world energy consumption increases continuously due to the modern life requirements which lead to series energy crises. Although blended biodiesel-diesel fuel can replace mineral diesel satisfactorily at low blending ratios up to 20% biodiesel, problems related to fuel properties persist at high blending ratio more than 20%. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel at 30% biodiesel, as fuel for unmodified diesel engines. Chemical additives are introduced as a viable option to improve the blended fuel properties. The experimental characterization of the blended fuel properties was conducted with ethanol, butanol and diethyl ether additives at low ratios up to 8% compared to the blended fuel standard ASTM D7467. Furthermore, engine is tested with blended fuel B30 and additives to investigate the engine performance, exhaust emissions and engine cyclic variations using the coefficient of variation and the wavelet analysis method. A statistically significant improvement in blended fuel kinematic viscosity and density was observed with all additives starting at 4% and 6% additive ratios for kinematic viscosity and density, respectively. On the other hand, a significant reduction in the blended fuel heating value was observed with all additive types starting at 6% additive ratio. The least reduction of blended fuel B30 heating value observed at 8% additive ratio is about 4% for B30 with diethyl ether additive. The blended fuel cold flow properties were improved with increasing additive ratios and maximum reduction in pour and cloud point was observed with diethyl ether by 2 oC and 3 oC respectively; at 8% additive ratio. The engine brake thermal efficiency was comparable for blended fuel B30 with different additives and mineral diesel. Furthermore, blended fuel with diethyl ether additive showed higher engine power at lower brake specific fuel consumption compared to other additives at similar ratios, and better engine brake power was achieved at 6% diethyl ether with increasing the additive ratio. The formation of NOx and CO2 emissions was reduced significantly with increasing the additive ratios. Better improvement in these emissions observed with diethyl ether additive at 8% ratio, which was comparable to that of diesel fuel. The significant impact of the additives on reducing the maximum in-cylinder pressure for B30 was observed with increasing additive ratios and the better trend obtained for B30 with 4% to 6% diethyl ether additive, which was comparable to that of the mineral diesel. Both the wavelet analysis and coefficient of variation reveal that increasing the additive ratio would give a noticeable effect on increasing the engine cycle-to-cycle variations which limits their usage at high ratios. It can be concluded that chemical additives are a viable option to introduce the blended fuel B30 as an alternative fuel for diesel engine that meets the blended fuel standard ASTM D7467 specifications.
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Gisela Montero and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book entitled "Biodiesel: Quality, Emissions and By-products" covers topics related to biodiesel quality, performance of combustion engines that use biodiesel and the emissions they generate. New routes to determinate biodiesel properties are proposed and the process how the raw material source, impurities and production practices can affect the quality of the biodiesel is analyzed. In relation to the utilization of biofuel, the performance of combustion engines fuelled by biodiesel and biodiesels blends are evaluated. The applications of glycerol, a byproduct of the biodiesel production process as a feedstock for biotechnological processes, and a key compound of the biorefinery of the future is also emphasized.
Download or read book Testing and Evaluation of Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Water Biodiesel Aspirated Research Engine written by Ganesan Sudalaimuthu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work aims to investigate the effect of the addition of water to corn oil biodiesel (BD) (COBD) in a diesel engine to view its effect on performance and emission characteristics. Two fuel samples were prepared using a novel surfactant Span 80 (MilliporeSigma, Burlington, MA), with different concentrations (94 % corn oil+4 % water+2 % Span 80 (COBDE1) and 90 % corn oil+8 % water+2 % Span 80 (COBDE2)). Experimental results showed that the water samples of COBD had higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake-specific fuel consumption than that of neat COBD at all engine brake power. In addition, smoke and nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced by 4-11 % and 6-10 % using corn oil-water samples compared to neat COBD. Furthermore, the introduction of COBD-water emulsions in a diesel engine reduces the unburned hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions considerably.
